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Worldwide Soundscapes: A Synthesis of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Across Realms

Global Ecology and Biogeography 2025年第5期34卷

作者： Kevin F. A. Darras Rodney A. Rountree Steven L. Van Wilgenburg Anna F. Cord Frederik Pitz Youfang Chen Lijun Dong Agnès Rocquencourt Camille Desjonquères Patrick Mauritz Diaz Tzu-Hao Lin Théophile Turco Louise Emmerson Tom Bradfer-Lawrence Amandine Gasc Sarah Marley Marcus Salton Laura Schillé Paul J. Wensveen Shih-Hung Wu Adriana C. Acero-Murcia Orlando Acevedo-Charry Matyáš Adam Jacopo Aguzzi Irmak Akoglu M. Clara P. Amorim Mina Anders Michel André Alexandre Antonelli Leandro Aparecido Do Nascimento Giulliana Appel Stephanie Archer Christos Astaras Andrey Atemasov Jamieson Atkinson Joël Attia Emanuel Baltag Luc Barbaro Fritjof Basan Carly Batist Julio Ernesto Baumgarten Just T. Bayle Sempere Kristen Bellisario Asaf Ben David Oded Berger-Tal Frédéric Bertucci Matthew G. Betts Iqbal S. Bhalla Thiago Bicudo Marta Bolgan Sara Bombaci Gerard Bota Martin Boullhesen Robert A. Briers Susannah Buchan Michal Budka Katie Burchard Giuseppa Buscaino Alice Calvente Marconi Campos-Cerqueira Maria Isabel Carvalho Gonçalves Maria Ceraulo Maite Cerezo-Araujo Gunnar Cerwén Adams A. Chaskda Maria Chistopolova Christopher W. Clark Kieran D. Cox Benjamin Cretois Chapin Czarnecki Luis P. da Silva Wigna da Silva Laurence H. De Clippele David de la Haye Ana Silvia de Oliveira Tissiani Devin de Zwaan M. Eugenia Degano Jessica Deichmann Joaquin del Rio Christian Devenish Ricardo Díaz-Delgado Pedro Diniz Dorgival Diógenes Oliveira-Júnior Thiago Dorigo Saskia Dröge Marina Duarte Adam Duarte Kerry Dunleavy Robert Dziak Simon Elise Hiroto Enari Haruka S. Enari Florence Erbs Britas Klemens Eriksson Pınar Ertör-Akyazi Nina C. Ferrari Luane Ferreira Abram B. Fleishman Paulo J. Fonseca Bárbara Freitas Nicholas R. Friedman Jérémy S. P. Froidevaux Svetlana Gogoleva Carolina Gonzaga José Miguel González Correa Eben Goodale Benjamin Gottesman Ingo Grass Jack Greenhalgh Jocelyn Gregoire Samuel Haché Jonas Hagge William Halliday Antonia Hammer Tara Hanf-Dressler Sylvain Haupert Samara Haver Becky Heath Daniel Hending Jose Hernandez-Blanco Dennis Higgs EFNO ECODIV INRAE Domaine des Barres Nogent-sur-Vernisson France Sustainable Agricultural Systems & Engineering Lab School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang China Chair of Computational Landscape Ecology Faculty of Environmental Sciences Dresden University of Technology Dresden Germany Biology Department University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada The Fish Listener Waguoit Massachusetts USA Terrestrial Unit Prairie Region Canadian Wildlife Service Environment & Climate Change Canada Prairie & Northern Wildlife Research Centre Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada Agro-ecological Modeling Group Faculty of Agriculture University of Bonn Bonn Germany Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory Department of Deep Sea Science Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Sanya Hainan China Institut de Systématique Évolution Biodiversité Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France Université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS LECA Grenoble France Climate Change and Biodiversity Hanns R. Neumann Stiftung Indonesia Muaradua Indonesia Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Nankang Taipei Taiwan ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory University of Saint-Etienne CRNL CNRS UMR 5292 Inserm UMR_S 1028 Saint-Etienne France Australian Antarctic Division Science Branch Department of Climate Change Energy Environment and Water Channel Highway Kingston Tasmania Australia Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling Scotland Centre for Conservation Science RSPB Edinburgh UK IMBE Aix Marseille Univ Avignon Univ CNRS IRD Aix-en-Provence France Scotland's Rural College Craibstone Estate Aberdeen UK BIOGECO INRAE University of Bordeaux Cestas France Westman Islands Research Centre University of Iceland Vestmannaeyjar Iceland Qigu Research Center Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute Nantou County Taiwan Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia

Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this gap, we created the Worldwide Soundscapes project, a collaborative network and growing database comprising metadata from 416 datasets across all realms (terrestrial, marine, freshwater and subterranean). Location Worldwide, 12,343 sites, all ecosystem types. Time Period 1991 to present. Major Taxa Studied All soniferous taxa. Methods We synthesise sampling coverage across spatial, temporal and ecological scales using metadata describing sampling locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa and audio recording parameters. We explore global trends in biological, anthropogenic and geophysical sounds based on 168 selected recordings from 12 ecosystems across all realms. Results Terrestrial sampling is spatially denser (46 sites per million square kilometre—Mkm 2 ) than aquatic sampling (0.3 and 1.8 sites/Mkm 2 in oceans and fresh water) with only two subterranean datasets. Although diel and lunar cycles are well sampled across realms, only marine datasets (55%) comprehensively sample all seasons. Across the 12 ecosystems selected for exploring global acoustic trends, biological sounds showed contrasting diel patterns across ecosystems, declined with distance from the Equator, and were negatively correlated with anthropogenic sounds. Main Conclusions PAM can inform macroecological studies as well as global conservation and phenology syntheses, but representation can be improved by expanding terrestrial taxonomic scope, sampling coverage in the high seas and subterranean ecosystems, and spatio-temporal replication in freshwater habitats. Overall, this

关键词： ARU automated sound recorder biodiversity conservation biology ecoacoustics IUCN GET realm Passive Acoustic Monitoring phenology soundscape ecology

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Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions ( vol 621,pg 773 , 2023 )

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NATURE 2023年第7982期622卷 E2-E2页

作者： Delavaux, Camille S. Crowther, Thomas W. Zohner, Constantin M. Robmann, Niamh M. Lauber, Thomas van den Hoogen, Johan Kuebbing, Sara Liang, Jingjing de-Miguel, Sergio Nabuurs, Gert-Jan Reich, Peter B. Abegg, Meinrad Yao, Yves C. Adou Alberti, Giorgio Zambrano, Angelica M. Almeyda Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez Alvarez-Davila, Esteban Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia Alves, Luciana F. Ammer, Christian Anton-Fernandez, Clara Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro Arroyo, Luzmila Avitabile, Valerio Aymard, Gerardo A. Baker, Timothy R. Balazy, Radomir Banki, Olaf Barroso, Jorcely G. Bastian, Meredith L. Bastin, Jean-Francois Birigazzi, Luca Birnbaum, Philippe Bitariho, Robert Boeckx, Pascal Bongers, Frans Bouriaud, Olivier Brancalion, Pedro H. S. Brandl, Susanne Brienen, Roel Broadbent, Eben N. Bruelheide, Helge Bussotti, Filippo Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla Cesar, Ricardo G. Cesljar, Goran Chazdon, Robin Chen, Han Y. H. Chisholm, Chelsea Cho, Hyunkook Cienciala, Emil Clark, Connie Clark, David Colletta, Gabriel D. Coomes, David A. Valverde, Fernando Cornejo Corral-Rivas, Jose J. Crim, Philip M. Cumming, Jonathan R. Dayanandan, Selvadurai de Gasper, Andre L. Decuyper, Mathieu Derroire, Geraldine DeVries, Ben Djordjevic, Ilija Dolezal, Jiri Dourdain, Aurelie Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone Enquist, Brian J. Eyre, Teresa J. Fandohan, Adande Belarmain Fayle, Tom M. Feldpausch, Ted R. Ferreira, Leandro V. Fischer, Markus Fletcher, Christine Frizzera, Lorenzo Gamarra, Javier G. P. Gianelle, Damiano Glick, Henry B. Harris, David J. Hector, Andrew Hemp, Andreas Hengeveld, Geerten Herault, Bruno Herbohn, John L. Herold, Martin Hillers, Annika Coronado, Euridice N. Honorio Hui, Cang Ibanez, Thomas T. Amaral, Ieda Imai, Nobuo Jagodzinski, Andrzej M. Jaroszewicz, Bogdan Johannsen, Vivian Kvist Joly, Carlos A. Jucker, Tommaso Jung, Ilbin Karminov, Viktor Kartawinata, Kuswata Kearsley, Elizabeth Kenfack, David Kennard, Deborah K. Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian Keppel, Gunnar Khan, Mohammed Latif Killeen, Timothy J. Kim, Hyun Seok Kitayama, Kanehiro Kohl, Michael Korju Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zurich Switzerland Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London London UK The Forest School at The Yale School of the Environment Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Agriculture Forestry and Bioresources Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Crop and Forest Sciences University of Lleida Lleida Spain Joint Research Unit CTFC–AGROTECNIO–CERCA Solsona Spain Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands World Agroforestry (ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St Paul MN USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland UFR Biosciences University Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire Department of Agricultural Food Environmental and Animal Sciences University of Udine Udine Italy Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bolzano Bolzano Italy Spatial Ecology and Conservation Laboratory Department of Tourism Recreation and Sport Management University of Florida Gainesville FL USA Forestry School Tecnológico de Costa Rica TEC Cartago Costa Rica Fundacion ConVida Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD Medellin Colombia Field Museum of Natural Histiory Chicago IL USA Center for Tropical Research Institute of the Environment and Sustainability UCLA Los Angeles CA USA Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany Division of Forest and Forest Resources Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO) Ås Norway Museo de Hi

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Transmission of real-time video signal with interference density and human traffic

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Telkomnika (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 2015年第4期13卷 1352-1360页

作者： Bahaweres, Rizal Broer Karya, Oki Teguh Alaydrus, Mudrik Post-Graduate Program of Electrical Engineering Departement Mercu Buana University Indonesia KompasTV Indonesia Faculty of Science and Technology State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta Indonesia

The use of mobile phone as a communication tool rapidly increases, as well as various types of functions therein. Among of the many applications on the mobile phone, which are used skype androidbased for teleconferencing via mobile phone. Things can not be separated from these applications is the need of qualified internet network access for these applications can be felt up function. One of the network access to the Internet is widely used today's society is a wi-fi network. Access to the Internet does not always provide the best performance, this is due to many factors, one of which is the presence of interference. In this study, we tested transmission of video signals in real-time using an application skype on the mobile phone. Skype run on wi-fi network, which is influenced by the presence of interference or objects such as human traffic in the network. Wireshark were used to obtain data reliability wi-fi network, known as QoS. While evalvid used to obtain the data QoE restricted only get the data PSNR (Peak Signal To Noise Ratio) and MSE (Mean Square Error). © 2015 Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.

关键词： Wi-Fi

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Erratum to: Simultaneous DLS–SLS study of titanium and titanium/silicon oxide sol growth

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Journal of Sol-Gel science and technology 2017年第1期83卷 238-238页

作者： Karahan, H. Enis Karakuş, Kerem Birer, Özgür Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program Koç University Sarıyer Turkey Chemistry Department Koç University Sarıyer Turkey KUYTAM Surface Science and Technology Research Center Koç University Sarıyer Turkey

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Thermomechanical Behavior Modeling of a Cr-Ni-Mo-Mn-N Austenitic Stainless Steel

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materials sciences and Applications 2016年第12期7卷 803-822页

作者： Rafael P. Ferreira Eden S. Silva Carmem C. F. Nascimento Samuel F. Rodrigues Clodualdo Aranas Jr. Valdemar S. Leal Gedeon S. Reis Graduate Program in Materials Engineering Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Maranh&atilde o—IFMA S&atilde o Lu&iacute s MA Brazil Engineering Coordination Universidade UNICEUMA S&atilde o Lu&iacute s MA Brazil Department of Materials Engineering McGill University Montreal Canada

The analytical approach and the thermomechanical behavior of a Cr-Ni-Mo-Mn-N austenitic stainless steel were characterized based on the parameters of work hardening (h), dynamic recovery (r) and dynamic recrystallization (n, t_0.5), considering constitutive equations (σ, ε) and deformation conditions expressed according to the Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z). The results indicated that the curves were affected by the deformation conditions and that the stress levels increased with Z under high work hardening rates. The σ_c/σ_p ratio was relatively high in the first part of the curves, indicating that softening was promoted by intense dynamic recovery (DRV). This was corroborated by the high values of r and average stacking fault energy, γ_s_fe = 66.86 mJ/m², which facilitated the thermally activated mechanisms, increasing the effectiveness of DRV and delaying the onset of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The second part of the curves indicates that there was a delay in the kinetics of dynamic softening, with a higher value of t_0.5 and lower values of the Avrami exponent (n) due to the competing DRV-DRX mechanisms, and steady state stress (σ_ss) was achieved under higher rates of deformation.

关键词： Austenitic Stainless Steel Dynamic Recovery Dynamic Recrystallization

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2-[(Hydroxymethyl)amino]ethanol in water as a preservative: Study of formaldehyde released by Taguchi's method 5

2-[(Hydroxymethyl)amino]ethanol in water as a preservative: ...

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5th International Conference on Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, ICCBPE 2015

作者： Wisessirikul, W. Loykulnant, S. Montha, S. Fhulua, T. Prapainainar, P. Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced and Sustainable Environmental Engineering Thailand Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology Kasetsart University Bangkok10900 Thailand Natural Rubber Focus Unit National Metal and Materials Technology Center NSTDA 111 Paholyothin Rd. Klong 1 Klong Luang Pathumthani12120 Thailand Environment Research Unit National Metal and Materials Technology Center NSTDA 111 Paholyothin Rd. Klong 1 Klong Luang Pathumthani12120 Thailand National Center of Excellence for Petroleum Petrochemicals and Advance Materials Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University Thailand Center of Excellence of Nanotechnology Kasetsart University Thailand

This research studied the quantity of free formaldehyde released from 2- [(hydroxymethyl)amino]ethanol (HAE) in DI water and natural rubber latex mixture using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The quantity of formaldehyde retained in the solution was cross-checked by using titration technique. The investigated factors were the concentration of preservative (HAE), pH, and temperature. Taguchi's method was used to design the experiments. The number of experiments was reduced to 16 experiments from all possible experiments by orthogonal arrays (3 factors and 4 levels in each factor). Minitab program was used as a tool for statistical calculation and for finding the suitable condition for the preservative system. HPLC studies showed that higher temperature and higher concentration of the preservative influence the amount of formaldehyde released. It was found that conditions at which formaldehyde was released in the lowest amount were 1.6%w/v HAE, 4 to 40 °C, and the original pH. Nevertheless, the pH value of NR latex should be more than 10 (the suitable pH value was found to be 13). This preservative can be used to replace current preservative systems and can maintain the quality of latex for long-term storage. Use of the proposed preservative system was also shown to have reduced impact on the toxicity of the environment. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Formaldehyde

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Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2022年第7期6卷 e586-e600页

作者： Burkart, Katrin Causey, Kate Cohen, Aaron J Wozniak, Sarah S Salvi, Devashri Digvijay Abbafati, Cristiana Adekanmbi, Victor Adsuar, Jose C Ahmadi, Keivan Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alipour, Vahid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amegah, Adeladza Kofi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Ansari, Fereshteh Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Aripov, Timur Babaee, Ebrahim Banach, MacIej Barnett, Anthony Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Bedi, Neeraj Behzadifar, Masoud Béjot, Yannick Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Bernstein, Robert S Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Biondi, Antonio Bohlouli, Somayeh Breitner, Susanne Brenner, Hermann Butt, Zahid A Cámera, Luis Alberto Cantu-Brito, Carlos Carvalho, Felix Cerin, Ester Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chauhan, Bal Govind Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Chu, Dinh-Toi Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Daryani, Ahmad Davletov, Kairat De Courten, Barbora Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Meghnath Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Duncan, Bruce B El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Eskandarieh, Sharareh Fareed, Mohammad Farzadfar, Farshad Fattahi, Nazir Fazlzadeh, Mehdi Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A Freitas, Marisa Ghashghaee, Ahmad Gill, Paramjit Singh Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Gopalani, Sameer Vali Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajat Das Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie Hamadeh, Randah R Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J Hasanpoor, Edris Hassen, Hamid Yimam Hay, Simon I Heibati, Behzad Hole, Michael K Hossain, Naznin Househ, Mowafa Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Jaafari, Jalil Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Kasaeian, Amir Kaydi, Neda Khader, Yousef Saleh Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khatab, Khaled Khater, Amir M Kim, Yun Jin Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kivimäki, Mika Knibbs, Luke D Kosen, Soewarta Koul, Parvaiz A Koyanagi, Ai Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kugbey, Nuworza Lauriola, Paolo Lee, Paul H Leili, Mostafa Lewycka, Sonia Li, Shanshan Lim, Lee-Ling Li Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA United States Research Insights and Innovation Seattle WA United States Health Effects Institute Boston MA United States School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Population Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Sport Science Department University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) St Louis MO United States Health Management and Economics Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Community and Family Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast) Barranquilla Colombia Research Group in Health Economics University of Cartagena Cartagena Colombia Department of Biomedical Science University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Cardiology Department Ca

Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM_2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM_2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM_2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Am

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Magnetic field evolution of spin blockade in Ge/Si nanowire double quantum dots

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Physical Review B 2017年第15期95卷 155416-155416页

作者： A. Zarassi Z. Su J. Danon J. Schwenderling M. Hocevar B. M. Nguyen J. Yoo S. A. Dayeh S. M. Frolov Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA Department of Physics NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway RWTH Aachen University 52062 Aachen Germany Institut Néel CNRS F-38000 Grenoble France Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92037 USA Graduate Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92037 USA Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92037 USA

We perform transport measurements on double quantum dots defined in Ge/Si core/shell nanowires and focus on Pauli spin blockade in the regime where tens of holes occupy each dot. We identify spin blockade through the magnetic field dependence of the leakage current. We find both a dip and a peak in the leakage current at zero field. We analyze this behavior in terms of quantum dot parameters such as coupling to the leads, interdot tunnel coupling, as well as spin-orbit interaction. We estimate a lower bound on the spin-orbit parameter corresponding to an upper bound of lso=500 nm for the Rashba spin-orbit length. We also extract effective Landé g factors up to 8.0 from field-dependent spin blockade measurements.

关键词： Mesoscopics Semiconductors Spin-orbit coupling Nanowires Quantum dots Dilution refrigerator Transport techniques

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Preparation and Characterization of Microwave-absorption of Sarulla North Sumatra Zeolite and Ferric Oxide-filled Polyurethane Nanocomposites

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Procedia Chemistry 2016年 19卷 441-446页

作者： Golfrid Gultom Basuki Wirjosentono Kerista Sebayang Masno Ginting University of Sumatera Utara Physics Post Graduate Program Medan 20155 Indonesia Polytechnic of Chemical Industry Technology Medan 20228 Indonesia University of Sumatera Utara Chemistry Department Medan 20155 Indonesia University of Sumatera Utara Physics Department Medan 20155 Indonesia Indonesian Institute of Science Research Center for Physics Serpong 15314 Indonesia

Microwave-absorptive polymeric composite materials are becoming important to protect interference of any communication systems due to the increase in the use of microwave-inducing devices. In this work, the microwave-absorptive polyurethane composites are prepared using natural zeolites of Sarulla North Sumatra and commercial ferric-oxide as fillers. Weight ratio of the natural zeolite to ferric oxide were varied (18:2; 16:4; 14:6; 12:8 and 10:10) by weight. The fillers are prepared using ball milling technique and characterized using Particle Size Analyzer for particle size distribution. The nanocomposites, prepared using in-situ reaction of polyethylene glycol and toluene diisocyanate, is characterized for physical and mechanical properties using tensile strength, thermal properties with TGA techniques, as well as morphological and chemical properties using scanning electron microscopy. Composition and loading of the nanofillers against polyurethane matrices is 20% by weight. Microwave-absorption properties of the nanocomposites is characterized using 8-12 GHz frequency. Tensile strengths of the natural zeolite-ferric oxides polyurethane nanocomposites shows higher values when matrices filled with lower ferric-oxide, which could be due to the nanozeolites have functioned as reinforcement for the polyurethane matrix through polar-polar interaction between the filler surfaces with the matrices. The microwave absorption properties, which investigated by Vector Network Analyzer, of the nanocomposites filled in polyurethane with the ratio of nanozeolite to ferric oxide filler of 12:8 shows reflection loss of – 13.2 dB. This condition was observed at 11.1 GHz.

关键词： Polyurethane Nanozeolites Microwave-absorption

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Education for the future

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science 2018年第6396期360卷 1409-1412页

作者： Cheung, Man Kit Schwendimann, Beat A. Ward, Adrian Pietrzak, Barbara Mollaoglu, Gurkan Duong, Michael Tran Allareddy, Veerasathpurush Ulltveit-Moe, Nils Dutton-Regester, Ken Zhang, Jian Scult, Matthew A. Singh, Poonam C. Yan, Hong Young Naz, Saima Isaacson, Kyle Dennis, Allison F. Beardsley, Felicia Rounds Al-Humaidan, Eyad Ibrahim Lo, Cody Jones, Tyler Sood, Prashant Nieuwenhuis, Rense Ali, Basant A. Yu, Kun-Hsing Arthur, Patrick Kobina Kumar, Brijesh Buschke, Falko Chen, Alexander Cingl, Lubomír O’Mullane, Anthony Peter Coetzee, Vinet Zaidi, Syed Shan-e-Ali Konstantinides, Nikos School of Life Sciences Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong Graduate School of Education University of California Berkeley Berkeley 94720 CA United States University of Queensland St. Lucia 4072 QLD Australia Department of Hydrobiology Faculty of Biology Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw Warsaw 02-089 Poland Department of Oncological Sciences University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City 84112 UT United States Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 19104 PA United States University of Illinois College of Dentistry Chicago 60612 IL United States Department of Information and Communication Technology University of Agder 4879 Grimstad Norway Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane 4006 QLD Australia School of Safety and Environmental Engineering Hunan Institute of Technology Hengyang Hunan 421002 China Lahore 54000 Punjab Pakistan Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University Durham 27708 NC United States National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium Chercheng Pingtung County 94450 Taiwan Division of Plant Microbe Interactions CSIR–National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow 226001 Uttar Pradesh India Program in Cell Molecular Developmental Biology and Biophysics (CMDB) Johns Hopkins University Baltimore 21218 MD United States Stem Cell and Tissue Re-Engineering Program King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Sociology and Anthropology University of La Verne La Verne 91750 CA United States Department of Bioengineering University of Utah Salt Lake City 84112 UT United States MRC Centre for Medical Mycology University of Aberdeen Aberdeen AB25 2ZD United Kingdom Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z2 BC Canada School of Engineering Brown University Providence 02912 RI United States

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