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Assessment of Dar es Salaam's resilience to climate change disasters using the Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI)

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Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 2024年第3期45卷 475-497页

作者： Mkasimongwa, Simon William Fakour, Hoda Hassani, Hussein Juma Sultan, Basma Abdulla Lai, Hsin-Chih Master Degree Program in Safety and Health Science Chang Jung Christian University Tainan City Taiwan International Program for Sustainable Development International College of Practice and Education for the Environment Chang Jung Christian University Tainan Taiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Green Energy and Environmental Resources Chang Jung Christian University Tainan Taiwan

Climate change is becoming an increasingly significant issue in Africa, and the need for climate resilience assessment has intensified. Dar es Salam is one of Africa's emerging megacities. With a population of over seven million, which continues to grow, there is an urgent need to understand the city's ability to deal with natural disasters. The Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) was used in this study to assess the city's ability to withstand and cope with climatic hazards. The Index was quantified using sets of dimensions (social, physical, economic, natural, and institutional), with various parameters indicating the city's abilities, strengths, and vulnerabilities to potential climate-related disasters. Despite being moderately resilient to climate change disasters, the results of our study indicate that the city's economic and institutional features obtained the lowest scores and the least resilience level. The study's findings provide a perspective on aspects of the city management sectors in terms of resilience and which should be given greater consideration in order to strengthen the city's current and future resilience. © 2024 Department of Geography, National University of Singapore and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

关键词： climate change flooding resilience weather trends

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COVID-19,mental health and Indigenous populations in Brazil:The epidemic beyond the pandemic

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第5期12卷 766-769页

作者： Jucier Gonçalves Júnior Jucycler Ferreira Freitas Estelita Lima Cândido Internal Medicine-Division of Rheumatology São Paulo UniversitySão Paulo 01246-903Brazil Post Graduate Program in Sustainable Regional Development Federal University of CaririJuazeiro do Norte 63048-080CearaBrazil

The aim of this paper was to report on factors contributing to the deterioration of the mental health of Indigenous populations(IP)in *** factors seem to have a direct impact on the mental health of IP in Brazil:(1)The absence of public policies;(2)Intellectual production;(3)Psychiatric medical care for remote areas(e.g.,telemedicine)aimed at promoting the mental health of Brazil’s IP,which causes a huge gap in the process of assistance and social,psychological,economic and cultural valorization of native peoples;(4)The dissemination of fake news,which exposed,above all,older IP to risk behaviors in the pandemic,such as refusal of vaccination;and(5)The violence carried out on IP lands due to economic interests with mining/agribusiness.

关键词： Brazil COVID-19 Indigenous population Mental health Public health

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Surfactant-free nano-emulsions from two lemongrass essential oils: Investigation of temperature ramp influence

Food Chemistry Advances

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Food Chemistry Advances 2023年 3卷

作者： Bezerra, Desirane C. Oliveira, Anna E.M.F.M. da Silva, Luiz E. do Amaral, Wanderlei do Nascimento, Yuri M. Tavares, Josean F. Machado, Francisco P. Fernandes, Caio P. Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Federal University of Amapá Amapá Macapá 68903-419 Brazil Laboratory of Phytopharmaceutical Nanobiotechnology Federal University of Amapá Amapá Macapá 68903-419 Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Sustainable Territorial Development Federal University of Paraná Paraná Matinhos 83260-000 Brazil Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Health Sciences Center Federal University of Paraíba Paraíba João Pessoa 58051-900 Brazil Laboratory of Technology in Natural Products Fluminense Federal University Rio de Janeiro Niterói Brazil

Nano-emulsions are alternatives for incorporation of essential oils in food-products. Despite generation of surfactant-free nano-emulsions is well known (e.g., Ouzo effect) its stabilization is a critical issue. This study shows the behavior of surfactant-free nano-emulsions prepared with two lemongrass essential oils based in dynamic light scattering analysis through exposure to a linear ramp of temperature. The gas-chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry analysis revealed that β-myrcene was found in the Cymbopogon citratus and absent in C. flexuosus. C. citratus nano-emulsion prepared with deionized water (CCNE-DW) presented initial lower size diameter (208.6 ± 1.9 nm) than C. flexuosus nano-emulsion (245.2 ± 3.1 nm) prepared with deionized water (CFNE-DW), probably due to the presence of β-myrcene capable of avoiding a rapid droplet growth before onset of dynamic light scattering measurements. In silico physicochemical properties suggest that β-myrcene could considered decisive for low size of C. citratus nano-emulsions, since reduction of its concentration may induce destabilization of C. citratus diluted nano-emulsions. Similar initial droplet size was observed for C. citratus nano-emulsion (221.0 ± 1.3 nm) prepared with infusion (CCNE-IN) and C. flexuosus nano-emulsion (215.7 ± 1.7 nm) prepared with infusion (CFNE-IN). The highest droplet reduction was observed for CFNE-DW (DR_25–80ºC = 45.9 %;p<0.0001). Distinct phytochemical profile evidenced by ¹H NMR, since C. citratus infusion shows an envelope of signals with more overlapped peaks between the chemical shifts at δ_H 3.5 – 4.0 ppm, may favored solubilization of droplet components by the infusion and responsible by droplet growth of diluted nano-emulsions, in addition to decrease of β-myrcene content. Our results show the feasibility of preparation of surfactant-free nano-emulsions from two lemongrass and contribute to better knowledge related to influence of chemical prof

关键词： Colloids Compositional ripening Geraniol (PubChem CID: 637566) Geranyl acetate (PubChem CID: 1549026) Linalool (PubChem CID: 6549) Monoterpenes Neral (PubChem CID: 643779) Ostwald ripening β-Myrcene (PubChem CID: 31253)

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Integrated application of grafted ZnO and fungicide to control the fungicide-resistant Colletotrichum spp

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Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 2024年 155卷

作者： Chang, Tao-Ho Chen, Yi-Chi Lai, Yu-Fang Wu, Tzu-Chien Lai, Chian-Hui Hsueh, Han-Yu Chang, Pi-Fang Linda Program in Plant Health Care Academy of Circular Economy National Chung Hsing University Nantou540216 Taiwan Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung402202 Taiwan Master Program for Plant Medicine and Good Agricultural Practice National Chung Hsing University Taichung402202 Taiwan Department of Material Science & Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402202 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402202 Taiwan Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung807378 Taiwan Department of Plant Pathology National Chung Hsing University 402202 Taiwan

Background: The Food and Agriculture Organization has reported approximately 40 % of food loss due to damage from plant pests and diseases, including fungal infections. Continuous application of agrichemicals for controlling fungal infection cause the occurrence of fungicide resistance. Colletotrichum spp., major causal agents for strawberry anthracnose, have gained concern for fungicide resistance issues. Methods: We developed novel antifungal strategies in the present study by integrating multibranched flower-like ZnO (fZnO) and agrochemicals (trifloxystrobin). fZnO compounds were synthesised using an eco-friendly and efficient hydrothermal method. Charged polymers with steric structures, such as hydrophilic polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), were grafted onto fZnO surfaces to improve the suspension ability of the compounds. We used the grafted fZnO compounds in combination with the fungicide trifloxystrobin to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo activities. Significant findings: Grafted fZnO (80 ppm) and trifloxystrobin (100 ppm) effectively inhibited the growth of fungicide-resistant Colletotrichum spp. and limited strawberry anthracnose on leaves. PEI-grafted fZnO shows promise as an eco-friendly additive in sustainable agriculture due to its photocatalytic activity and ability to withstand environmental factors. © 2023

关键词： Zinc oxide

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Survey of bacterial and protozoan agents in ticks and fleas found on wild animals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 2022年第6期13卷 102037页

作者： Araújo, Izabela Mesquita Cordeiro, Matheus Dias Soares, Rubens Fabiano Prado Guterres, Alexandro Sanavria, Argemiro Baêta, Bruna de Azevedo da Fonseca, Adivaldo Henrique Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Br 465 km 7 Rodovia BR 465 Km 75. Seropédica Rio de Janeiro CEP: 23897-000 Brazil Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – Avenida Brasil Rio de Janeiro 4365 Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Practice in Sustainable Development Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro UFRRJ Seropédica Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This study evaluates the presence of bacterial and protozoan agents in ticks and fleas found on wild animals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. These ectoparasites were collected on mammal species Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, Tapirus terrestris, Dicotyles tajacu, Didelphis aurita, Cuniculus paca, Cerdocyon thous, and Coendou prehensilis, and on the terrestrial bird Dromaius novaehollandiae. Ticks and fleas were identified morphologically using specific taxonomic keys. A total of 396 ticks and 54 fleas were tested via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of Rickettsia spp., Borrelia spp., microorganisms of the order Piroplasmida and Anaplasmataceae family. This total is distributed among nine tick species of the genus Amblyomma and one flea species. Rickettsia bellii was detected in Amblyomma dubitatum and Amblyomma pacae;Rickettsia sp. strain AL was found in Amblyomma longirostre;Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest was found in Amblyomma ovale;and “Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis” and Rickettsia felis were detected in Ctenocephalides felis felis. Wolbachia sp. was detected in C. f. felis, and Borrelia sp. was detected in Amblyomma calcaratum (here named Borrelia sp. strain Acalc110). All tested samples were negative for Ehrlichia spp. and microorganisms of the Piroplasmida order. This study detected a new bacterial strain, Borrelia sp. strain Acalc 110 (which is genetically close to B. miyamotoi and B. venezuelensis) and the Rickettsia sp. strain 19P, which is 100% similar to “Ca. R. senegalensis”, a bacterium recently discovered and now being reported for the first time in Brazil. © 2022

关键词： Brazil Endosymbionts Free-living Ixodid Siphonaptera Wild animals

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Enhanced antibacterial effect of antibiotics by the essential oil of Aloysia gratissima (Gillies & Hook.) Tronc. and its major constituent beta-caryophyllene

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Phytomedicine Plus 2021年第4期1卷 100100-100100页

作者： Santos, Eduardo L. Freitas, Priscilla R. Araújo, Ana Carolina J. Almeida, Ray S. Tintino, Saulo R. Paulo, Cicera Laura R. Silva, Ana Cristina A. Silva, Luiz E. do Amaral, Wanderlei Deschamps, Cícero Junior, José Pinto Siqueira Filho, José Maria Barbosa de Sousa, Gabriela Ribeiro Ribeiro-Filho, Jaime Coutinho, Henrique D.M. Department of Biological Chemistry Regional University of Cariri - URCA Crato Brazil Maurício de Nassau College -UNINASSAU PE Petrolina Brazil Post graduate Program in Sustainable Territorial Development Federal University of Paraná – UFPR Matinhos Brazil Post graduate Program in Agronomy Federal University of Paraná - UFPR Curitiba Brazil Department of Molecular Biology Federal University of Paraiba-UFPB PB João Pessoa 58051-900 Brazil Departmen of Pharmacy Federal University of Paraiba-UFPB PB João Pessoa 58051-900 Brazil Gonçalo Moniz Institute Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA) BA Salvador Brazil

Background: Aloysia gratissima (Verbenaceae), popularly known as bee-brush or whitebrush, has been widely used in Brazilian folk medicine as analgesic, expectorant and antimicrobial. Phytochemical studies have identified β-caryophyllene as one of the major components of the essential oil of this plant. This bioactive sesquiterpene has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Purpose: The present study aimed to characterize the chemical profile and evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic-enhancing activities of the essential oil obtained from Aloysia gratíssima (EOAG) and β-caryophyllene. Methods: The phytochemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 24, Staphylococcus aureus 10, and Escherichia coli 06 was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth microdilution method. The potentiation of the antibiotic activity by the EOAG and the β-caryophyllene was performed using the MIC evaluation of the antibiotic alone or in association with the essential oil and its main compound. To evaluate the minimum reduction of the drug concentration necessary, the Dose Reduction Index (DRI) was calculated. Results: A reduction in the MIC of the antibiotics against strains treated simultaneously with the essential oil or β-caryophyllene was observed. The GC-MS analysis of the EOAG identified 30 compounds, including β-caryophyllene as the major component. Both OEAG and β-caryophyllene presented antibacterial activity against S. aureus, in addition to potentiating the action of norfloxacin against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. Conclusions: These substances also reversed the antibiotic resistance to gentamicin and erythromycin against of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. © 2021 The Author(s)

关键词： Aloysia gratíssima Antibiotic resistance Essential oils In vitro study β-caryophyllene

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Aquavoltaics Feasibility Assessment: Synergies of Solar PV Power Generation and Aquaculture Production

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Water (Switzerland) 2023年第5期15卷 987-987页

作者： Imani, Moslem Fakour, Hoda Lo, Shang-Lien Yuan, Mei-Hua Chen, Chih-Kuei Mobasser, Shariat Muangthai, Isara Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei106 Taiwan International Program for Sustainable Development International College of Practice and Education for the Environment Chang Jung Christian University No.1 Changda Rd. Gueiren District Tainan City71101 Taiwan Water Innovation Low-Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center College of Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan No. 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd Taipei115 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering National Ilan University Yilan City26047 Taiwan College of Engineering Center for the Environment Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering Purdue University 610 Purdue Mall West LafayetteIN47907 United States Warsash School of Maritime Science and Engineering Solent University SouthamptonSO14 0YN United Kingdom

The negative effects of climate change have burdened humanity with the necessity of decarbonization by moving to clean and renewable sources of energy generation. While energy demand varies across the sectors, fisheries, including fishing and aquaculture, are among the most energy intensive processes in the food production industry. The synergistic opportunities for co-located aquaculture and renewable energy can thus provide a multifunctional use of space and resources, creating opportunities to meet the identified energy demands of a variety of aquaculture operations. This study has investigated a sustainable energy model for a small-scale shrimp farm in western Taiwan with synergies for the dual use of the water area for solar photovoltaic electricity generation and aquaculture. Based on the simulation results and SWOT analysis, recommendations have been made for the design and operation of a solar-powered aeration system for shrimp farms. The average monthly energy production of 32 MWh is attainable at the estimated canopy space on a carport by installing 896 solar modules on the proposed site, fully covering the power demand of the shrimp farm. These findings have significance for encouraging effective practices in deploying solar techniques in aquaculture and making them replicable in global settings. © 2023 by the authors.

关键词： Climate change

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Disasters and biodiversity: Case study on the endangered endemic marine ornamental Banggai cardinalfish 1

Disasters and biodiversity: Case study on the endangered end...

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1st MarSave International Symposium 2018: Strengthening Marine Resilience for sustainable development Goals

作者： Moore, A.M. Ndobe, S. Yasir, I. Jompa, J. Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries Hasanuddin University Indonesia Aquaculture Study Program Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Tadulako University Indonesia Marine Science Department Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries Hasanuddin University Indonesia Post-Graduate School Hasanuddin University Indonesia Marine Resilience and Sustainable Development Centre of Excellence Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries Hasanuddin University Indonesia

Disasters are notoriously unpredictable;they can strike anytime, anywhere. However, in this Anthropocene Epoch, humanity has increased the likelihood of many disasters, as well as their likely severity and socio-ecological impacts, with implications for the future of natural resources;in particular, marine ecosystems and biodiversity, and the human communities who rely on them. This case study focussed on the Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni), a unique species of global conservation concern, and its native habitat in the Banggai Archipelago, at the centre of the Coral Triangle (CT) global marine biodiversity hotspot. To evaluate future risks and implications, we looked back to the past, including an overview of what is known regarding the origins and evolution of this species and its habitat, as well as past natural disasters in the Banggai Archipelago, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We then reviewed current status and trends affecting the likelihood of exposure and the vulnerability of endemic P. kauderni populations and habitat, overall and at the evolutionary significant unit (ESU) scale, to disasters caused by tectonic phenomena, disasters related to weather and anthropogenic climate change (e.g. mass coral bleaching, sea level rise), and the synergies between disaster impacts and localised human activities. Finally, we considered management options with potential for mitigating disaster risk and increasing resilience, with benefits for both biodiversity and human welfare, as well as avenues for future research. We conclude that local action can buy time, but it is likely that the eventual fate of this "flagship" species, as well as the human communities of this equatorial archipelago, depend on effective global action to curb the drivers of anthropogenic climate change. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Disasters

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A call to action: the second Lancet Commission on adolescent health and wellbeing

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The Lancet 2025年第10493期405卷 1945-2022页

作者： Baird, Sarah Choonara, Shakira Azzopardi, Peter S Banati, Prerna Bessant, Judith Biermann, Olivia Capon, Anthony Claeson, Mariam Collins, Pamela Y De Wet-Billings, Nicole Dogra, Surabhi Dong, Yanhui Francis, Kate L Gebrekristos, Luwam T Groves, Allison K Hay, Simon I Imbago-Jácome, David Jenkins, Aaron P Kabiru, Caroline W Kennedy, Elissa C Li, Luo Lu, Chunling Ma, Jun McGovern, Terry Mensa-Kwao, Augustina Mojola, Sanyu A Nagata, Jason M Olumide, Adesola O Omigbodun, Olayinka Prost, Audrey Requejo, Jennifer H Shawar, Yusra R Shiffman, Jeremy Silverman, Avi Song, Yi Swartz, Sharlene Tamambang, Rita Urdal, Henrik Ward, Joseph L Patton, George C Sawyer, Susan M Ezeh, Alex Viner, Russell M Department of Global Health Milken Institute School of Public Health George Washington University Washington DC United States Johannesburg South Africa Adolescent Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia Centre for Adolescent Health The Royal Children's Hospital Parkville VIC Australia Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia Adolescent Health and Wellbeing Program The Kids Research Institute of Australia Perth WA Australia National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia Department of Maternal Newborn Child & Adolescent Health & Ageing World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland School of Global Urban and Social Studies RMIT University Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Global Public Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Monash Sustainable Development Institute Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Mental Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD United States Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD United States Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD United States Academic Affairs University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Emerging Professionals Network International Association for Adolescent Health Gautam Buddha Nagar India Institute of Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Beijing China Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health Philadelphia PA United States Community Health and Prevention Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health Philadelphia PA United States Urban Health Collaborative Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health Philadelphia PA United States Institute f

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Disasters and biodiversity: case study on the endangered endemic marine ornamental Banggai cardinalfish

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第1期253卷

作者： A M Moore S Ndobe I Yasir J Jompa Doctoral Program Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries Hasanuddin University Indonesia Marine Resilience and Sustainable Development Centre of Excellence Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries Hasanuddin University Indonesia Aquaculture Study Program Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Tadulako University Indonesia Marine Science Department Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries Hasanuddin University Indonesia Post-Graduate School Hasanuddin University Indonesia

Disasters are notoriously unpredictable; they can strike anytime, anywhere. However, in this Anthropocene Epoch, humanity has increased the likelihood of many disasters, as well as their likely severity and socio-ecological impacts, with implications for the future of natural resources; in particular, marine ecosystems and biodiversity, and the human communities who rely on them. This case study focussed on the Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni), a unique species of global conservation concern, and its native habitat in the Banggai Archipelago, at the centre of the Coral Triangle (CT) global marine biodiversity hotspot. To evaluate future risks and implications, we looked back to the past, including an overview of what is known regarding the origins and evolution of this species and its habitat, as well as past natural disasters in the Banggai Archipelago, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We then reviewed current status and trends affecting the likelihood of exposure and the vulnerability of endemic P. kauderni populations and habitat, overall and at the evolutionary significant unit (ESU) scale, to disasters caused by tectonic phenomena, disasters related to weather and anthropogenic climate change (e.g. mass coral bleaching, sea level rise), and the synergies between disaster impacts and localised human activities. Finally, we considered management options with potential for mitigating disaster risk and increasing resilience, with benefits for both biodiversity and human welfare, as well as avenues for future research. We conclude that local action can buy time, but it is likely that the eventual fate of this 'flagship' species, as well as the human communities of this equatorial archipelago, depend on effective global action to curb the drivers of anthropogenic climate change.

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