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Getting Undergraduates Ready for China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Through an Overseas Experiential Learning Project

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China and the World 2021年第3期4卷

作者： Andrew Min Han Chin Thomas Menkhoff Hans-Dieter Evers Hoong Hui Daniel Gn Kevin Koh Chester Wey Lee Patrick H. M. Loh Linda Low Sebastian Tan Teng Seng Teo Natalie Yap Lee Kong Chian School of Business Singapore Management University (SMU) 81 Victoria Street Singapore 188065 Singapore Andrew Chin Min Han graduated from Tsinghua University in Beijing China with a Tsinghua–MIT Sloan International Master of Business Administration degree under the Singapore Government’s Asian Business Fellowship (ABF) scholarship program. He is the Program Director of Singapore Management University (SMU) Executive Certificate in China Business and of the SMU Internationalisation Series. He teaches as an Adjunct Faculty of Strategy and Organisation at the SMU Lee Kong Chian School of Business since January 2017. He teaches effectively in English and Chinese. With over 23 years of experience in education and publishing industry in Asia Andrew Chin’s multi-sector career has enabled him to experience the full spectrum of the education industry in his roles as the Singapore EDB Officer handling the World-Class University portfolio and the Specialist Information and Publishing Industry portfolio Chief Representative and Country Manager (China) at Thomson Learning (Fortune 500 company) and Co-founder and CEO for an early childhood education business. Andrew was a Business Development Director (Universities) at Sodexo Group (Fortune 500 company) for the Asia-Pacific region. After working 10 years in Beijing China Andrew returned to Singapore in 2012 to work closely with the top leadership at Singapore Management University on the SMU China & East Asia Initiatives. Thomas Menkhoff is the Professor of Organisational Behaviour & Human Resources (Education) at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business Singapore Management University (SMU). Two of his recent publications include: (i) Menkhoff Thomas Ning Kan Siew Evers Hans-Dieter and Chay Yue Wah eds. Living in Smart Cities: Innovation and Sustainability (New Jersey: World Scientific Publishing 2018) and (ii) Chay Yue Wah Menkhoff Thomas and Low Linda eds. China’s Belt and Road Initiative — Understanding the Dynamics of a Global Transfor

In this paper, we explain how an experiential learning course and study tour to Gansu Province (People’s Republic of China) enabled undergraduates at the Singapore management University (SMU) to acquire 21st-century competencies and higher-order thinking skills by analyzing and evaluating specific aspects of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and China–Singapore (Chongqing) Connectivity Initiative — New International Land–Sea Trade Corridor (CCI-ILSTC) with emphasis on developing viable Go-To-Market (GTM) strategies aimed at selling Gansu produce in four Southeast Asian markets. We share how the course was designed to support the attainment of key learning goals and discuss how we turned pedagogical aspirations into concrete learning outcomes. We introduce key aspects of the so-called “SMU-XO” project that the students conducted in partnership with an industry partner, Pacific International Lines (PIL), and discuss how the project work helped learners to gain global competency by (i) examining critical issues related to BRI such as multi-modal infrastructure connectivity, (ii) appreciating the local perspectives of project stakeholders in Lanzhou and Shanghai and (iii) successfully interacting with people from different cultures, namely China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand.

关键词： Experiential learning Singapore China Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

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Abstracts

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JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE 2021年第SUPPL 1期44卷 S278-S324页

作者： [Anonymous] Department of Medicine Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Toronto Toronto ON CA KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network Toronto ON CA Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto ON CA Rehabilitation Sciences Institute University of Toronto Toronto ON CA Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ON CA. Rehabilitation Sciences Institute University of Toronto ON CA KITE Research Institute-Toronto Rehab-University Health Network Toronto ON CA Physical Therapy Department University of Toronto ON CA Praxis Spinal Cord Institute Vancouver BC Université de Montréal (École de réadaptation) Montreal QC CA Institut de réadaptation Gingras-Linsay-de-Montréal Montreal QC CA Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB CA University of Calgary Calgary AB CA Alberta Health Services Centre for Family Medicine Kitchener ON CA McMaster University Department of Family Medicine Hamilton ON CA Dept. of Physical Therapy University of Toronto Toronto ON CA KITE-University Health Network Toronto ON CA Praxis Spinal Cord Institute Vancouver BC CA Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS) Quebec City QC CA Dept. of Rehabilitation Laval University Quebec City QC CA Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto ON CA School of Rehabilitation Science University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK CA Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation Toronto ON CA Canadian Spinal Research Organization Toronto ON CA CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l ‘Île-de-Montréal (Installation Gingras-Lindsay) Montréal QC CA École de réadaptation Université de Montréal Montréal QC CA First Steps Wellness Centre Regina SK CA Stan Cassidy Centre for Rehabilitation Horizon Health Network Fredericton NB CA Departmen

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Global cross-cultural validation of a brief measure for identifying potential suicide risk in 42 countries

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Public Health 2024年 229卷 13-23页

作者： Gewirtz-Meydan, A. Koós, M. Nagy, L. Kraus, S.W. Demetrovics, Z. Potenza, M.N. Ballester-Arnal, R. Batthyány, D. Bergeron, S. Billieux, J. Burkauskas, J. Cárdenas-López, G. Carvalho, J. Castro-Calvo, J. Chen, L. Ciocca, G. Corazza, O. Csako, R. Fernandez, D.P. Fujiwara, H. Fernandez, E.F. Fuss, J. Gabrhelík, R. Gjoneska, B. Gola, M. Grubbs, J.B. Hashim, H.T. Islam, M.S. Ismail, M. Jiménez-Martínez, M.C. Jurin, T. Kalina, O. Klein, V. Költő, A. Lee, S.-K. Lewczuk, K. Lin, C.-Y. Lochner, C. López-Alvarado, S. Lukavská, K. Mayta-Tristán, P. Miller, D.J. Orosová, O. Orosz, G. Ponce, F.P. Quintana, G.R. Quintero Garzola, G.C. Ramos-Diaz, J. Rigaud, K. Rousseau, A. De Tubino Scanavino, M. Schulmeyer, M.K. Sharan, P. Shibata, M. Shoib, S. Sigre-Leirós, V. Sniewski, L. Spasovski, O. Steibliene, V. Stein, D.J. Strong, C. Ünsal, B.C. Vaillancourt-Morel, M.-P. Van Hout, M.C. Bőthe, B. School of Social Work Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences University of Haifa Israel Institute of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research University of Duisburg-Essen Essen Germany Doctoral School of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary Department of Psychology University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas NV United States Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming University of Gibraltar Gibraltar Gibraltar Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT United States Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling Wethersfield CT United States Departmento de Psicología Básica Clínica y Psicobiología University Jaume I of Castellón Spain Institute for Behavioural Addictions Sigmund Freud University Vienna Austria Département de Psychologie Université de Montréal Montréal Canada Institute of Psychology University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Center for Excessive Gambling Addiction Medicine Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine Neuroscience Institute Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Lithuania Virtual Teaching and Cyberpsychology Laboratory School of Psychology National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico William James Center for Research Departamento de Educação e Psicologia Universidade de Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Department of Personality Assessment and Psychological Treatments University of Valencia Spain Department of Psychology College of Humanity and Social Science Fuzhou University China Section of Sexual Psychopathology Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences University of Hertfordshire United Kingdom Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science University of Trento Italy Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Z

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the P4 suicide screener in a multinational sample. The primary goal was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale and investigate its convergent validity by analyzing its correlation with depression, anxiety, and substance use. Study design: The study design is a cross-sectional self-report study conducted across 42 countries. Methods: A cross-sectional, self-report study was conducted in 42 countries, with a total of 82,243 participants included in the final data set. Results: The study provides an overview of suicide ideation rates across 42 countries and confirms the structural validity of the P4 screener. The findings indicated that sexual and gender minority individuals exhibited higher rates of suicidal ideation. The P4 screener showed adequate reliability, convergence, and discriminant validity, and a cutoff score of 1 is recommended to identify individuals at risk of suicidal behavior. Conclusions: The study supports the reliability and validity of the P4 suicide screener across 42 diverse countries, highlighting the importance of using a cross-cultural suicide risk assessment to standardize the identification of high-risk individuals and tailoring culturally sensitive suicide prevention strategies. © 2024 The Royal Society for Public Health

关键词： Assessment Cross-cultural Suicide Validation

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Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet 2023年第10397期402卷 203-234页

作者： Ong, Kanyin Liane Stafford, Lauryn K. McLaughlin, Susan A. Boyko, Edward J. Vollset, Stein Emil Smith, Amanda E. Dalton, Bronte E. Duprey, Joe Cruz, Jessica A. Hagins, Hailey Lindstedt, Paulina A. Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen ElHafeez, Samar Abd Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adekanmbi, Victor Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Agarwal, Gina Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alalwan, Tariq A. Al-Aly, Ziyad AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alemi, Sharifullah Ali, Hassam Alinia, Tahereh Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Arifin, Hidayat Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arnlov, Johan Artamonov, Anton A. Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Aryan, Zahra Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Askari, Elaheh Asmelash, Daniel Astell-Burt, Thomas Athar, Mohammad Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awaisu, Ahmed Azadnajafabad, Sina Darshan, B.B. Babamohamadi, Hassan Badar, Muhammad Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Baghe Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation School of Medicine General Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine France Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Department of Nursing Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia Department of Nursing Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopaedic Surgery Social Determinants of Health Research Center Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Epidemiology Department Evidence-Based Practice Center Community and Maternity Nursing Unit University of Duhok Duhok Iraq School of Planning Faculty of Environment Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University Hershey PA United States Biocomplexity Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA United States College of Medicine Department of Public Health Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Clinical Sciences Department Department of Surgery Department of Surgery Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Centre for Social Research in Health Quality and Systems Performance Unit Cancer Institute NSW Sydney NSW Australia Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine HIV and Infectious Diseases Department Jhpiego Abuja Nigeria Adolescent Research and Care Department Adolescent Friendly Research Initiative and Care Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Epidemiology Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Department of Family Medicine McMaster University

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined;these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs;defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims;type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative r

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Primates in Peril: The World's 25 most endangered primates 20082010

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Primate Conservation 2009年第1期24卷 1-57页

作者： Mittermeier, Russell A. Wallis, Janette Rylands, Anthony B. Ganzhorn, Jörg U. Oates, John F. Williamson, Elizabeth A. Palacios, Erwin Heymann, Eckhard W. Kierulff, M. Cecília M. Yongcheng, Long Supriatna, Jatna Roos, Christian Walker, Sally Cortés-Ortiz, Liliana Schwitzer, Christoph Bearder, Simon K. Bergl, Richard Bracebridge, Claire E. Brockelman, Warren Y. Butynski, Thomas M. Cornejo, Fanny M. Das, Jayantha Davenport, Tim R. B. De Luca, Daniela W. DeLuycker, Anneke M. Dolch, Rainer Hai, Dong Thanh Dunn, Andrew Peng-Fei, Fan Geissman, Thomas Guillen, Rosamira Long, Ha Thang Honess, Paul E. Islam, Awar Johnson, Steig Jones, Trevor Lamilla, Iader Larney, Eileen Quyet, Le Khac Sanchez, Karmele Llano Yoncheng, Long Louis Jr., Edward E. MacHaga, Sophy J. Martin, Sara K. Mbora, David McGraw, W. Scott Moisson, Pierre Molur, Sanjay Morales-Jiménez, Alba Lucia Morgan, Bethan Mpunga, Noah E. Nadler, Tilo Nekaris, K. Anna I. Nicholas, Aaron Nijman, Vincent Nkembi, Louis Pacheco, Victor Paciulli, Lisa M. Patel, Erik R. Perkin, Andrew Thuc, Phan Duy Quintana, Heidi Rabarivola, Clment J. Rafaliarison, Radoniana R. Raffel, Martina Ralainasolo, Fidimalala Randriatahina, Guy H. Ratsimbazafy, Jonah Ravoarimanana, Iary B. Rudran, Rasanayagam Rumpler, Yves Salim, Agus Savage, Anne Schrudde, Daniela Schwitzer, Nora Shekelle, Myron Singleton, Ian Soto, Luis Stevens, Nancy Sunderland-Groves, Jacqueline Thorn, James S. Urbani, Bernardo Volampeno, Sylviane N. M. Wanasinghe, Ananda Warren, Ymke Weerakoon, Kanchana Werre, J. Lodewijk Wich, Serge A. Winarti, Indah Wright, Patricia C. Andriamaharoa, Hubert Zaramody, Alphonse Carretero-Pinzon, Xyomara Ruiz-Garcia, Manuel Defler, Thomas R. Missouri Botanical Garden Research and Conservation Madagascar Program Antananarivo 101 B.P. 3391 Madagascar Department of Anthropology School of Social Science and Law Oxford Brookes University Oxford 0X3 OBP United Kingdom North Carolina Zoological Park Asheboro NC 27205 4401 Zoo Parkway United States Wildlife Conservation Society Mbeya PO Box 1475 Tanzania Applied Ecology Group Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester Ml 5GD Chester Street United Kingdom Center for Conservation Biology Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development Mahidol University Salaya Nakhon Pathom 73170 Phuttthamon-thon 4 Road Thailand Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program Drexel University 10400 Nanyuki PO Box 149 Kenya Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima 11 Av. Arenales 1256 Peru Museum of Zoology Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1079 138 Museums Annex 1109 Geddes Avenue United States Wildlife Areas Development and Welfare Trust Guwahati Assam 781 001 M.G. Road India Department of Anthropology Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 United States Prolemur Research Project Association Mitsinjo Andasibe Madagascar Department of Wildlife Management Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental Management Vietnam Forestry Uiversity Xuan Mai Chuong My Hanoi Viet Nam Wildlife Conservation Society Calabar Cross River State GPO Box 796 Nigeria Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Jingdong Nature Reserve Management Bureau Jingdong China Institute of Zoology Ecology and Conservation 20146 Hamburg Martin Luther King Platz 3 Germany Anthropological Institute University Zurich-Irchel CH-8057 Zurich Winterthurerstr. 190 Switzerland Fundacion Proyecto Titi Barranquilla Carrera 56 # 68-85 Colombia Wildlife Research

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Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO–Virgo Observing Run

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Physical Review Letters 2021年第24期126卷 241102-241102页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott S. Abraham F. Acernese K. Ackley A. Adams C. Adams R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu K. M. Aleman G. Allen A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koya Arai Koji Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud S. M. Aronson H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin P. Auclair P. Aufmuth K. AultONeal C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer M. Bals A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar R. S. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo S. Barnum F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal M. G. Benjamin T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser R. Bhandare A. V. Bhandari D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik J. Bidler I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn J. Blackman C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant A. Buikema T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic L. Cadonati M. Caesar G. Cagnoli C. Cahillane H. W. Cain, III J. Calderón Bustillo J. D LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia Christopher Newport University Newport News Virginia 23606 USA LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI) I-67100 L’Aquila Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso I-67100 Assergi Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Università di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan California State University Fullerton Fullerton California 92831 USA NCSA University of Illi

We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO–Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10−15. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.

关键词： Cosmic strings & domain walls Gravitational waves

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BioTIME 2.0: Expanding and Improving a Database of Biodiversity Time Series

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Global Ecology and Biogeography 2025年第5期34卷

作者： Maria Dornelas Laura H. Antão Amanda E. Bates Viviana Brambilla Jonathan M. Chase Cher F. Y. Chow Ada Fontrodona-Eslava Anne E. Magurran Inês S. Martins Faye Moyes Alban Sagouis Samuel Adu-Acheampong Daniel Acquah-Lamptey Dušan Adam Penelope A. Ajani Aitor Albaina Pablo Almaraz Jeongseop An Roger Sigismund Anderson Madelaine Jean Robertson Anderson Alexsander Z. Antunes Ivan Arismendi Linda Armbrecht Pedro Aros-Mardones Sreejith Kalpuzha Ashtamoorthy Narayanan Ayyappan Gal Badihi Joseph J. Bailey Andrew H. Baird Mark Edward Baird Sreekumar Vadakkethil Balakrishnan José António L. Barão-Nóbrega Adi Barash Miguel Barbosa Jos Barlow Claus Bässler Matthieu Beaumont Natalie Beenaerts Tiago Octavio Begot Wallace Beiroz Ricardo Beldade David M. Bell Alecia Bellgrove Jonathan Belmaker Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi Cassandra E. Benkwitt Pamela Medina-van Berkum Brandon T. Bestelmeyer Matthew G. Betts Maxwell Kelvin Billah Anne D. Bjorkman Magdalena Błażewicz Christopher P. Bloch Shane A. Blowes Antonio Bode Juliano A. Bogoni Thomas Bolger Timothy C. Bonebrake Erik Bonsdorff Roberta Bottarin Luke N. Brokensha Rob W. Brooker Andrew J. Brooks Helge Bruelheide Thiago Almeida Bueno Claire Laguionie Mariana Lopes Campagnoli James Cant Erica Pellegrini Caramaschi Alexandre Caron Tadhg Carroll Tancredi Caruso Juan Carvajal-Quintero Giuseppe Castaldelli Edward Castañeda-Moya Pedro V. Castilho Sonia Zanini Cechin Shahar Chaikin Uchangi Manjunatha Chandrashekara Tory J. Chase Chaolun Allen Chen Jorge José Cherem Sei-Woong Choi Erica M. Christensen Alexander V. Christianini Jackson Wing Four Chu Peter Coad Carl Van Colen Lise Comte Elisabeth J. Cooper J. Hans C. Cornelissen Eddy Cosson Unai Cotano Luc Crevecoeur Shannan Kyle Crow Graeme S. Cumming Vanessa S. Daga Gabriella Damasceno Gergana N. Daskalova Claire H. Davies Robert A. Davis Frank P. Day Sussy De-La-Zerda Amy Elizabeth Deacon Indradatta de Castro-Arrazola Steven Degraer Kharran Deonarinesingh Juan C. Diaz-Ricaurte Christopher R. Dickman Tara Dirilgen Ciaran John Dolan J. Emmet Centre for Biological Diversity School of Biology University of St Andrews Fife UK MARE—Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Research Centre for Ecological Change Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany Department of Computer Science Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity Department of Biology University of York York UK Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Philipps Universität Marburg Marburg Germany Department of Forest Ecology Silva Tarouca Research Institute Brno Czech Republic School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia Zoology and Animal Cell Biology Department University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa Spain Grupo de Oceanografía de Ecosistemas Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía CSIC Campus Universitario de Puerto Real Puerto Real Spain National Institute of Ecology Seocheon Republic of Korea African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Département de Biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada Núcleo de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais Secretaria de Meio Ambiente Infraestrutura e Logística do Estado de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies Ecology & Biodiversity Centre University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia Graduate Program in Oceanography Department of Oceanography Faculty of Natural Scienc

Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database. Main Types of Variables Included The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years. Spatial Location and Grain Sampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size. Time Period and Grain The earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample-level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa. Software Format csv and. SQL.

关键词： assemblage biodiversity community database ecoinformatics species taxa time

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Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries

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Science Advances 2024年第6期10卷 eadj5778页

作者： Vlasceanu, Madalina Doell, Kimberly C. Bak-Coleman, Joseph B. Todorova, Boryana Berkebile-Weinberg, Michael M. Grayson, Samantha J. Patel, Yash Goldwert, Danielle Pei, Yifei Chakroff, Alek Pronizius, Ekaterina van den Broek, Karlijn L. Vlasceanu, Denisa Constantino, Sara Morais, Michael J. Schumann, Philipp Rathje, Steve Fang, Ke Aglioti, Salvatore Maria Alfano, Mark Alvarado-Yepez, Andy J. Andersen, Angélica Anseel, Frederik Apps, Matthew A.J. Asadli, Chillar Awuor, Fonda Jane Azevedo, Flavio Basaglia, Piero Bélanger, Jocelyn J. Berger, Sebastian Bertin, Paul Bialek, Michal Bialobrzeska, Olga Blaya-Burgo, Michelle Bleize, Daniëlle N.M. Bø, Simen Boecker, Lea Boggio, Paulo S. Borau, Sylvie Bos, Björn Bouguettaya, Ayoub Brauer, Markus Brick, Cameron Brik, Tymofii Briker, Roman Brosch, Tobias Buchel, Ondrej Buonauro, Daniel Butalia, Radhika Carvacho, Héctor Chamberlain, Sarah A.E. Chan, Hang-Yee Chow, Dawn Chung, Dongil Cian, Luca Cohen-Eick, Noa Contreras-Huerta, Luis Sebastian Contu, Davide Cristea, Vladimir Cutler, Jo D'Ottone, Silvana De Keersmaecker, Jonas Delcourt, Sarah Delouvée, Sylvain Diel, Kathi Douglas, Benjamin D. Drupp, Moritz A. Dubey, Shreya Ekmanis, Jānis Elbaek, Christian T. Elsherif, Mahmoud Engelhard, Iris M. Escher, Yannik A. Etienne, Tom W. Farage, Laura Farias, Ana Rita Feuerriegel, Stefan Findor, Andrej Freira, Lucia Friese, Malte Gains, Neil Philip Gallyamova, Albina Geiger, Sandra J. Genschow, Oliver Gjoneska, Biljana Gkinopoulos, Theofilos Goldberg, Beth Goldenberg, Amit Gradidge, Sarah Grassini, Simone Gray, Kurt Grelle, Sonja Griffin, Siobhán M. Grigoryan, Lusine Grigoryan, Ani Grigoryev, Dmitry Gruber, June Guilaran, Johnrev Hadar, Britt Hahnel, Ulf J.J. Halperin, Eran Harvey, Annelie J. Haugestad, Christian A.P. Herman, Aleksandra M. Hershfield, Hal E. Himichi, Toshiyuki Hine, Donald W. Hofmann, Wilhelm Howe, Lauren Huaman-Chulluncuy, Enma T. Huang, Guanxiong Ishii, Tatsunori Ito, Ayahito Jia, Fanli Jost, John T. Jovanović, Veljko Jurgiel, Dominika Kácha, Ondřej Kankaanpää, Reeta Kant Department of Psychology New York University New YorkNY10003 United States Department of cognition emotion and Methods in Psychology Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna Vienna1010 Austria Craig newmark center for Journalism ethics and Security Columbia University New YorkNY10018 United States Institute for Rebooting Social Media Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Psychology Stanford University StanfordcA94305 United States San luis Obispo cA93405 United States Copernicus institute of Sustainable development Utrecht University Utrecht3584 cB Netherlands Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Department of Psychology Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Amazon SeattleWA98109 United States Department of Psychology Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg Oldenburg26129 Germany Santa lucia Foundation IRccS Rome179 Italy Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome185 Italy Department of Philosophy Macquarie University SydneynSW2000 Australia Universidad Peruana cayetano heredia San Martín de Porres15102 Peru Post-Graduation Program in linguistics Federal University of Paraná Curitiba80060150 Brazil UnSW Business School University of new South Wales SydneynSW2052 Australia Centre for human Brain health School of Psychology University of Birmingham BirminghamB15 2tt United Kingdom Psychology Scientific Research institute Baku Azerbaijan Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research institute Kisumu1881-40100 Kenya Department of Psychology University of Groningen Groningen9712tS Netherlands Department of economics University of hamburg Hamburg20146 Germany De-partment of Psychology New York University Abu dhabi Abu dhabi129188 United Arab Emirates Department of Sociology University of Bern Bern3012 Switzerland LAPcOS Univers

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors. © 2024 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.

关键词： Climate change

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3

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Physical Review X 2023年第1期13卷 011048-011048页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott F. Acernese K. Ackley C. Adams N. Adhikari R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu P. F. de Alarcón S. Akcay S. Albanesi A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato C. Anand S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres T. Andrić S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier F. Antonini S. Appert Koji Arai Koya Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud M. Arogeti S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader C. Badger S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi C. P. L. Berry D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser D. Beveridge R. Bhandare U. Bhardwaj D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley S. Bini R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini L. D. Bonavena F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. Brandt J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic C. Buy R. L. Byer L. Cadonati LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3–IEEC E-07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli

We report on the population properties of compact binary mergers inferred from gravitational-wave observations of these systems during the first three LIGO-Virgo observing runs. The Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 3 (GWTC-3) contains signals consistent with three classes of binary mergers: binary black hole, binary neutron star, and neutron star–black hole mergers. We infer the binary neutron star merger rate to be between 10 and 1700 Gpc−3 yr−1 and the neutron star–black hole merger rate to be between 7.8 and 140 Gpc−3 yr−1, assuming a constant rate density in the comoving frame and taking the union of 90% credible intervals for methods used in this work. We infer the binary black hole merger rate, allowing for evolution with redshift, to be between 17.9 and 44 Gpc−3 yr−1 at a fiducial redshift (z=0.2). The rate of binary black hole mergers is observed to increase with redshift at a rate proportional to (1+z)κ with κ=2.9−1.8+1.7 for z≲1. Using both binary neutron star and neutron star–black hole binaries, we obtain a broad, relatively flat neutron star mass distribution extending from 1.2−0.2+0.1 to 2.0−0.3+0.3M⊙. We confidently determine that the merger rate as a function of mass sharply declines after the expected maximum neutron star mass, but cannot yet confirm or rule out the existence of a lower mass gap between neutron stars and black holes. We also find the binary black hole mass distribution has localized over- and underdensities relative to a power-law distribution, with peaks emerging at chirp masses of 8.3−0.5+0.3 and 27.9−1.8+1.9M⊙. While we continue to find that the mass distribution of a binary’s more massive component strongly decreases as a function of primary mass, we observe no evidence of a strongly suppressed merger rate above approximately 60M⊙, which would indicate the presence of a upper mass gap. Observed black hole spins are small, with half of spin magnitudes below χi≈0.25. While the majority of spins are preferentially aligned wi

关键词： Gravitational wave sources Gravitational waves Gravitational wave detection

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