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Statistical trend characteristics of rainfall over Kerala, India evaluated through analysing modern era retrospective analysis for research and applications (MERRA-2) reanalysis data

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Bulletin of Atmospheric science and technology 2025年第1期6卷 1-38页

作者： Modon Valappil, Ninu Krishnan de Oliveira Júnior, José Francisco Mendes, David Jamjareegulgarn, Punyawi Hamza, Vijith Environmental Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang 11800 Malaysia Laboratory of Applied Meteorology and Environment (LAMMA) Institute of Atmospheric Sciences (ICAT) Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) LourivalMeloMota avenue S/N Alagoas Tabuleiro dos Martins Maceió CEP: 57072-970 Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Aerospace Engineering – PPGEA Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte – UFRN Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova RN Natal Brazil Prince of Chumphon Campus King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Chumphon 86160 Thailand Kerala State Disaster Management Authority Kerala Thiruvananthapuram 695033 India

Statistical trends of rainfall (annual and seasonal rainfalls) in Kerala, India were characterised using the 44-years (1980–2023) data of Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) version 2. Monthly rainfall data were collected from the selected fifty locations which represent the state as a whole, and the collected data were then categorised into annual as well as seasonal (winter, summer, monsoon and post-monsoon) datasets based on the classification proposed by Indian Meteorological Organisation (IMD). Lag-1 autocorrelation, modified Mann Kendall (mMK), Pettitt test and Theil-Sen’s slope methods were used to determine the statistical characteristics of rainfalls in Kerala. Mean rainfalls were 3124 mm, 66 mm, 527 mm, 1667 mm and 862 mm, respectively, for annual, winter, summer, monsoon and post-monsoon periods. mMK based statistical trend analysis revealed an overall decreasing trend characteristics in annual (-0.54 mm.y⁻¹), monsoon (-1.20 mm.y⁻¹), and post-monsoon (-0.93 mm.y⁻¹) seasons whereas winter and summer rainfalls showed an increasing trend (0.67 mm.y⁻¹ and 3.40 mm.y⁻¹, respectively) for the state as a single unit. Pettitt test indicated four dominant periods of change in rainfall characteristics in the study area that spanned over the decades of 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010, in which major changes in annual and seasonal rainfalls were occurred during 1990’s, 2000’s and 2010’s. Theil-Sen’s slope-based estimation of rate of change in rainfall showed an average variation of -4.33 mm.y⁻¹, 0.17 mm.y⁻¹, 6.27 mm.y⁻¹, -6.54 mm.y⁻¹ and − 3.28 mm.y⁻¹ for annual, winter, summer, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. Though the winter and summer rainfalls showed an increase in its rate during the period of analysis, annual rainfall showed an overall reduction in the amount of rainfall received in the state. The study ulti

关键词： MERRA-2 Modified Mann Kendall Period of change Rainfall variation Spatial statistics

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Valorization of Spondias bahiensis waste: Ultrasound-assisted extraction, in vitro phenolics bioaccessibility, and effect on the stability of lipid-protein oxidation in pre-cooked goat meatballs

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Food Bioscience 2025年 69卷

作者： da Silva Ferreira, Valquíria Cardoso de Santana Neto, Deocleciano Cassiano Fernandes Santos, Miriane Moreira da Silva, Anna Júllia Bezerra de Azevedo Moura, Gleyce Swellen Santos Ribeiro, José Evangelista Lima, Marcos dos Santos Magnani, Marciane Silva, Fábio Anderson Pereira da Department of Management and Agro-industrial Technology Federal University of Paraíba Paraíba Bananeiras Brazil Post-graduate Program in Food Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Paraná Brazil Post-graduate Program in Food Science and Technology Department of Food Engineering Technology Center Federal University of Paraíba Paraíba Joao Pessoa 58051-900 Brazil Department of Food Engineering Technology Center Federal University of Paraíba Paraíba Joao Pessoa 58051-900 Brazil

This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from the bagasse of umbu-cajá (Spondias bahiensis), a native Brazilian fruit, and to assess their bioaccessibility. Additionally, the influence of different concentrations of the umbu-cajá bagasse (SBB) extract on the oxidative stability of pre-cooked goat meatballs was investigated over a 10-day refrigerated storage period by quantifying lipid oxidation products. A central composite rotational design determined the optimal ethanol concentration, sonication time, and bagasse-solvent ratio. The optimized extract was applied to meatballs at two concentrations: EX2 (meatballs with 7.0 g/100 g of added SBB extract) and EX4 (meatballs with 13.7 g/100 g of added SBB extract). A control treatment (no antioxidant) and BHT-treated meatballs (0.02 g/100 g) were included as references. Meatballs were evaluated by measuring instrumental color, peroxide value, TBARS, carbonyl compounds, and through simulated digestion. Optimal extraction conditions were 55 % ethanol, 20 min of sonication, and a 1:36.8 bagasse-to-solvent ratio (m/v). The extract showed high antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of catechin (1243.75 %), epicatechin gallate (918.75 %), procyanidins B2 (915.38 %), gallic acid (319.76 %) and procyanidins B1 (136.36 %). SBB extract slowed lipid oxidation until day 10 and protein oxidation until day 5 but did not inhibit color change. The meatballs had low content of oxidative compounds and high antioxidant capacity in the intestinal fraction, indicating that SBB extract can partially or totally replace the synthetic preservative. © 2025

关键词： Antioxidant Goat meat In vitro gastrointestinal digestion Oxidation Phenolic compounds Umbu-cajá

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Mo-terminated edges in two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for site-specific hydrolysis and DNA cleavage

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Materials Today 2025年 86卷 162-171页

作者： Wang, Cong Wu, Menghan Li, Muqing Zhao, Yingcan Zhao, Mingchuang Zhang, Yunhao Bai, Yichao Gao, Jianxiang Wang, Xiaoxia Tian, Xilin Zhang, Han Chang, Liang Zou, Xiaolong Liu, Bilu Kang, Feiyu Terrones, Mauricio Lei, Yu Institute of Materials Research Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Layered Materials for Value-added Applications Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Management Engineering and Materials & Center of Double Helix Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Institute of Materials Research & Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Layered Materials for Value-added Applications Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Environmental Science Program Department of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College Guangdong519087 China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Department of Physics Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Sciences Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China

The hydrolysis of DNA serves as the foundational principle for gene engineering that enable precise gene cleavage at the molecular level. This process typically occurs in biological nucleases, which exhibit nucleobase-selective and catalytic hydrolysis capabilities rarely replicated in abiotic nanomaterials. Here, we demonstrate that molybdenum-terminated (Mo-terminated) edges of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) possess the unique ability to abstract a proton (H+) from water molecules, thereby facilitating catalytic hydrolysis reactions that cleave the phosphodiester bonds in DNA through the action of hydroxide ions. The enhanced proton absorption at Mo-terminated edges of MoS2 significantly reduces the activation energy required for the DNA hydrolysis reaction. Furthermore, the favorable interaction between the Mo-terminated edges and thymine nucleobases promotes both charge transfer and P-O bond cleavage, enabling targeted DNA hydrolysis at 'TTTTTTT' sequences under dark conditions. This discovery underscores the potential of MoS2 as a stable, efficient nanosystem for precise genetic editing, heralding advanced applications in the field of gene engineering. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Activation energy

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Cytocompatible and antibacterial Fe-, Cu- and Zn-substituted calcium hydroxyapatite materials for skin applications

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Ceramics International 2025年第9期51卷 11286-11296页

作者： Lukaviciute, L. Lukowiak, A. Stankeviciute, Z. Junka, A. Mortimer, M. Zarkov, A. Yang, J.-C. Ganceviciene, R. Kareiva, A. Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences Vilnius University Naugarduko st. 24 Vilnius03225 Lithuania Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research Polish Academy of Sciences Okolna 2 Wroclaw50422 Poland Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology Wroclaw Medical University Borowska 211A Wroclaw50556 Poland Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Akadeemia tee 23 Tallinn12618 Estonia Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Device Research Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taiwan Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University M.K. Ciurlionio st. 21 Vilnius03101 Lithuania

Calcium hydroxyapatite (C10(PO4)6(OH)2;CHAp) and metal-substituted samples (Fe:CHAp, Cu:CHAp, and Zn:CHAp) were synthesized using a recently developed method. This method involved the wet precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), followed by solid-state reaction synthesis of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), and finally hydrothermal synthesis of CHAp. The effect of Fe3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ substitution on the phase purity and antimicrobial properties of CHAp are summarized in this study. Notably, it highlights the phase purity of CHAp and Zn:CHAp (in the presence of Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions, the α- and β-TCP phases have formed) as well as the antimicrobial activity of Zn:CHAp and Cu:CHAp against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The synthesized nanosized CHAp, Fe:CHAp, Cu:CHAp, and Zn:CHAp samples were used as additives in the preparation of skin creams. In vitro biological studies of the resulting skin creams demonstrated their antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and showed a reduction in osteoblasts cells viability of in the range of 20–40 %. The addition of zinc enhances antimicrobial efficacy but reduces biocompatibility, while copper maintains both high antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility, making it more suitable for the development of medical or cosmetic materials. Dermal creams containing CHAp with copper and iron ions also show significant antimicrobial activity while preserving good cell viability. These results highlight the importance of optimizing the balance between antimicrobial effectiveness and biocompatibility in these materials. © 2024

关键词： Biocompatibility

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Investigation of Cyanobacteria-Hosted Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Cyanohab-Impacted Drinking Water Sources

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Volk, Abigail Mills, Molly Chae, Soryong Lee, Jiyoung Division of Environmental Health Sciences College of Public Health The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Environmental Sciences Graduate Program The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOH United States Department of Food Science and Technology The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Infectious Diseases Institute The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States

Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) produce cyanotoxins that cause human and animal illness. cyanoHABs are also hypothesized to play a role in the antibiotic resistome, but whether Cyanobacteria host clinically-relevant antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in the environment is largely unknown. To investigate this emerging issue, we looked for the presence of Cyanobacteria-hosted ARGs using shotgun metagenomic sequencing of drinking water source samples collected during the 2022 bloom season from Lake Erie and Grand Lake St. Marys (GLSM). . ARGs were annotated using DeepARG and Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI). Cyanobacteria were annotated to host genes conferring possible antibiotic resistance. Two of these genes were rpoB2 and arlR, but these genes were likely spurious hits on housekeeping genes. qac and OXA genes were also annotated. While those hits suggest potential resistance to clinical antibiotics, overall Cyanobacteria did not host appreciable clinically-relevant ARGs. Because the two drinking water sources historically have high cyanotoxin concentrations, selected cyanotoxins, Cyanobacteria, and ARGs were chosen for quantification. We found high levels of Microcystis in Lake Erie and Planktothrix in GLSM, and high microcystin concentrations in GLSM, supporting previous trends in these water bodies. This study takes a novel approach pairing the issues of cyanoHABs and ARGs together in two drinking water sources. In a changing climate, drinking water treatment strategies should consider the treatment and public health implications of multiple contaminants. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lakes

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Multi Effect of Rain Harvesting in the Floating Village of Malahing on the Coast Bontang Developed by the CSR of PKT 1

Multi Effect of Rain Harvesting in the Floating Village of M...

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1st International Conference on Environment, Sustainability Issues and Community Development, INCRID 2019

作者： Ekowati, S.D. Hadi, S.P. Doctoral Program in Environmental Science Post-Graduate Program Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Graduate Program of Environmental Science Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

The residents of the floating village of Malahing, Bontang, East Kalimantan, earn their living as fish catching fishermen and seaweed farming. Residents even experience a clean water crisis, every month they require a budget IDR 300, 000 until IDR 400, 000 to buy clean water at Tanjung Laut by ketinting. The PKT programmed rain harvesting for Malahing residents to supply clean water. The method used was field observations and surveys as well as simple calculations using the program of Office Excel. The PKT carried out gutter procurement for every resident's house, provided three plastic drums of 200 litres to collect rainwater, provided filters to filter rain water, train the residents to care for and repair the filters. As a result, the residents get clean water to meet their daily basic, grow vegetables for family needs and do greening in their yard and water them. They can also water communal latrines so that defecation is not carried out at sea. Malahing residents can save IDR. 356, 000 until IDR 456.000 per month, help save fossil fuels and reduce carbon dioxide emissions so they become healthier, prosperous and environmentally friendly. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Rain

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Magnetically separable silica-chitosan hybrids for efficient phosphate adsorption in aqueous solution

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Case Studies in Chemical and environmental Engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Nuryono, Nuryono Sukamto, Sukamto Kunarti, Eko Sri Krisbiantoro, Philip Anggo Wan Abdullah, Wan Nazwanie Kamiya, Yuichi Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Gadjah Mada Bulaksumur Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia of Life Science Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan School of Chemical Science Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor Penang 11800 Malaysia Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Nishi 5 Kita 10 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan

In the present study, magnetic silica-chitosan hybrid (NMP@SiO2/CPTMS/Chi) was synthesized via a convenient and green sol-gel technique under room temperature, and the material was used as a highly efficient magnetic ... 详细信息

In the present study, magnetic silica-chitosan hybrid (NMP@SiO₂/CPTMS/Chi) was synthesized via a convenient and green sol-gel technique under room temperature, and the material was used as a highly efficient magnetic adsorbent for the removal of phosphate ions in water. While the magnetic properties of NMP from iron enable the material to be quickly separated via magnetic separation, the abundant active sites from the chitosan made the hybrid exhibit high adsorption capacity for phosphate ions. At pH 6, the removal of phosphate ions followed the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model with the adsorption rate constant (k₂) of 5.9 × 10^-3 mg g⁻¹ min⁻¹ and obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity (q_max) of 15.06 mg g⁻¹, outperforming most of the previously reported adsorbents. Stability tests and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis demonstrated that NMP@SiO₂/CPTMS/Chi remained stable even under strongly acidic conditions and possessed high thermal stability, respectively. The synergistic combination of high adsorption capacity, acid stability, thermal stability, and facile magnetic separation renders NMP@SiO₂/CPTMS/Chi a promising adsorbent for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. Overall, this innovative material represents a significant advancement in phosphate removal, offering a sustainable and effective solution to address the global challenge of water pollution and protect aquatic ecosystems. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Adsorption Chitosan Magnetic material Phosphate Silica Sol-gel

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Extraction of bioactive compounds from different yerba mate genotypes and development of an antimicrobial gel

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Fitoterapia 2025年 183卷 106582页

作者： Mendonça, Gustavo Zambon Isidoro Haminiuk, Charles Windson Pedro, Alessandra Cristina Martins, Lucia Regina Rocha Molin, Fernando Larsen, Gabriel Oales Kaminski Helm, Cristiane Vieira Wendling, Ivar Maciel, Giselle Maria Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology (PPGCTA) Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR) Paraná Curitiba 81280-340 Brazil Biotechnology Laboratory Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR) Paraná Curitiba 81280-340 Brazil Organic Chemistry Laboratory Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR) Paraná Curitiba 81280-340 Brazil Embrapa Florestas Paraná Colombo Brazil

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is an essential source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and methylxanthines, which provide health benefits and present potential antimicrobial properties. Nevertheless, the yerba mate genotypes and conditions to obtain plant extracts may influence the results of their biological potential. This paper describes the production of hydroethanolic extracts from two different genotypes of yerba mate (BRS and EC38) using a statistical experimental design. The total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavones and flavonols (TFF), antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial potential were determined for each extract. Besides, some extracts were selected for chromatographic evaluation (LC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS) and the development of an antimicrobial gel. The highest concentration of TPC was observed in BRS genotype (112 mg GAE/g DW) and the highest value of TFF was detected in EC38 genotype (19.45 QE/g DW). The highest values of antioxidant activities were 598.9 μmol TE/g DW for BRS and 753.7 μmol TE/g DW for EC38. A total of 16 phenolic compounds and flavonols were identified in yerba mate extracts by LC-QTOF-MS, and the EC38 genotype presented the highest number of compounds. The extracts from the BRS genotype had higher concentration of theobromine and caffeine, compared to the EC38 genotype. The yerba mate extracts could inhibit Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, though at different levels. The yerba mate gels demonstrated equal and/or superior inhibitory capacity against E. coli and S. aureus compared to hand sanitizing gel produced only with ethanol (40 % and 70 %). © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Antimicrobial activity Bioactive compounds Ilex paraguariensis LC-MS/MS Natural products

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Water quality assessment and control efforts use the pollution index method in the Sikendil river 5

Water quality assessment and control efforts use the polluti...

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5th International Conference on Energy, environmental and Information System, ICENIS 2020

作者： Lenty Hoya, Ade Nany, Yuliastuti Utomo, Sudarno Ramadhani Maharlika, Andrea Program of Environmental Science School of Post-Graduate Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Water is one of the primary needs of living things. Everyday human life needs water from drinking water consumption, water recreation, animal husbandry, and agriculture. It is important to monitor water quality in water bodies so that they can be used properly. The goal is to find out water quality in Sikendil River, Klepu Village, Pringapus District, Semarang Regency, and Pollution control efforts undertaken by stakeholders. Water quality will be assessed using the Pollution Index Method, pollutant Physical, Chemical, and Biological parameter test results compared with quality standards in government regulations No. 82 of 2001. Samples were taken at the ordinate point S: 070 10 '52.7;E: 1100 26' 52.2;. Secondary data from the Semarang Regency DLH lab test results in 2019. The result is that the parameters exceed the quality standards of nitrate, nitrite, free chlorine, and COD. Water quality was in the Polluted category for the water class I, II, and III designations at 9.50, 9.41, and 9, 35. The status of Medium Pollution in water class IV is 1.66. Consistency, supervision, counseling, and periodic reporting are needed between stakeholders © The Authors, published by EDP sciences, 2020.

关键词： Water quality

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Effect of amino acids intake of rubber seeds processing as alternative comestible length for infants born against 1

Effect of amino acids intake of rubber seeds processing as a...

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1st International Conference on environmental sciences, ICES 2018

作者： Dewi Puspita Sari, Ratna Environmental Science Post Graduate Program Lampung University Bandar Lampung Indonesia

Sumatra and Kalimantan are the region with the area and the highest rubber production in Indonesia, including Lampung province that is also abundant production of rubber seed every year. Rubber seed contains a protein that is high enough. With the high crude protein, it can be used to make rubber seed chips and snacks potential to be used as a source of protein for pregnant ibi amino acids to help meet the mother during pregnancy. Sufficient amino acid intake during pregnancy associated with a body length of birth. This research was observational analytic with cross sectional design. Sampling method used in this study is consecutive sampling. The study was conducted in East Lampung in 2016. The subjects were all pregnant women including rubber farmers in East Lampung region and met the inclusion criteria of the study. The samples obtained were 124 pregnant women and their babies. Data were analysed descriptively. The results obtained indicate that rubber seed chips can help meet amino acid intake during pregnancy and affects the baby's body length at birth. From the sample of the research note that 89.5% of the infants had a body length of> 48 cm (normal) and 10.5% of infants had a body length of 48 cm (normal) and 10.5% of infants had a body length of 48 cm (normal) and 10.5% of infants had a body length of © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Amino acids

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