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24th Regional Symposium on Chemical Engineering, RSCE 2017

作者： Budiyono Primaloka, Arindra D. Ardhannari, Listi Matin, Hashfi H.A. Sumardiono, Siswo Department of Chemical Engineering Engineering Faculty Diponegoro University Semarang50275 Indonesia Master Program of Environmental Science School of Post-Graduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang50275 Indonesia

Biogas production processes from tapioca wastewater have several problems that cause the biogas production is not optimal, such as pH drop at beginning of the process because the rate of acid formation is too fast and the rate of starch wastewater degradation is too slow. Therefore, to obtain optimal biogas production it is required two-stage reactor. The purposes of this research were to (i) study the influence of one stage fermentation and two stage fermentation on biogas production, (ii) study the effect of buffer Na2CO3 on biogas production, and (iii) study the effect of methanogenic bacteria concentration on biogas production from cassava starch effluent. The first method of our research was hydrolysis process by "Saccharomyces cereviceae" as substrate activator. The second is the arrangement of pH and the last is process of methane production. The results showed that the highest biogas production is achieved at concentration of methanogenic bacteria 20% (v/v) that is equal to 2458 ml. At concentration of 8% (v/v) and 15% (v/v), biogas production was 2105 ml and 2117 ml. The addition of Na2CO3 can extend to 16 days with accumulation of 372 ml. While without the addition of buffer, biogas production period was only 9 days with accumulation of 620 ml. In semi continuous process, the analysis carried out every 3 days. Highest biogas production achieved in the variable addition of yeast with the accumulation 9329 ml. Without yeast, accumulation of biogas was 6831 ml. Yeast is use as substrate activator so it can accelerate the hydrolysis process and increased biogas production. The addition of Na2CO3 is increase the alkalinity so the pH drop did not occur early in the process. © The Authors, published by EDP sciences, 2018.

关键词： Yeast

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Late Miocene to Early Pliocene paleoceanographic evolution of the Central South Pacific: A deep-sea benthic foraminiferal perspective

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Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2024年 647卷

作者： Das, Sunil K. Mahanta, N. Sahoo, B. Singh, Raj K. Alvarez Zarikian, Carlos A. Tiwari, Manish Vats, Nishant Nihal Lamy, Frank Winckler, Gisela Middleton, Jennifer L. Arz, Helge W. Gottschalk, Julia Basak, Chandranath Brombacher, Anieke Esper, Oliver M. Farmer, Jesse R. Herbert, Lisa C. Iwasaki, Shinya Lembke-Jene, Lester Lawson, Vera J. Lo, Li Malinverno, Elisa Michel, Elisabeth Moretti, Simone Moy, Christopher M. Ravelo, Ana Christina Riesselman, Christina R. Saavedra-Pellitero, Mariem Seo, Inah Smith, Rebecca A. Souza, Alexandre L. Stoner, Joseph S. de Oliveira, Igor Venancio M.P. Wan, Sui Zhao, Xiangyu School of Earth Ocean and Climate Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Argul Jatni 752050 India International Ocean Discovery Program Texas A&M University College Station United States National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research Ministry of Earth Sciences Goa Vasco-da-Gama 403804 India Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences Bremen Germany Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University NY United States Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde Germany University of Kiel Germany Department of Earth Sciences University of Delaware United States Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences Yale University United States Department of Geosciences Princeton University United States School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook University United States Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Rutgers The State University of New Jersey United States Department of Geosciences National Taiwan University Taiwan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Milano-Bicocca Italy Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE Institut Pierre Simon Laplace IPSL CNRS-CEA-UVSQ France Climate Geochemistry Department Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC) Germany Geology Department University of Otago New Zealand Ocean Sciences Department University of California Santa Cruz United States School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham United Kingdom Global Ocean Research Center Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) South Korea Department of Geosciences University of Massachusetts-Amherst United States Department of Geology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University United States Postgraduate Program in Geochemistry Departm

The bottom water conditions in the Central South Pacific (CSP) and associated changes in the Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) under warmer-than-present conditions need to be better understood. These water masses transfer their properties to the major ocean basins. We analyzed Late Miocene to Early Pliocene (5.6–3.6 Ma) marine sediment core sections from the CSP for benthic foraminifera, ice rafted debris (IRD), Ostracoda, planktic foraminifera Orbulina universa abundance, and organic geochemical proxies to assess the bottom water characteristics under warmer-than-present day conditions. A significant increase in IRD abundance between 5.3 and 4.9 Ma marks the Early Pliocene warm phase. The benthic foraminiferal assemblages indicate shifts in bottom water conditions over time in the CSP region. Between 5.6 and 5.3 Ma, predominantly oxygenated bottom water with moderate organic matter flux prevailed. This shifted to suboxic conditions with increased organic matter flux from 5.3 to 4.9 Ma. Subsequently, between 4.9 and 4.4 Ma, bottom water conditions alternated frequently between oxic and suboxic states. Enhanced bottom water formation and inflow of LCDW and AABW in the CSP during 4.4–4.0 Ma promoted oxygenated conditions, accompanied by low organic export flux. However, sluggish bottom water circulation from 4.0 to 3.6 Ma reverted to suboxic conditions, associated with increased carbon burial. Notably, productivity peaked intermittently between 5.3 and 3.6 Ma, as indicated by the occurrence of suboxic species assemblages and increase in the abundance of Orbulina universa, benthic microfauna (ostracods), and other paleoproductivity indicators. © 2023

关键词： Antarctic Bottom Water Antarctic Circumpolar Current Benthic foraminifera IODP Site U1541 Lower Circumpolar Deep Water Ostracoda Productivity Southern Ocean

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Local wisdom of Aek Latong society for mitigation and adaptation of soil movement disaster in North Sumatra, Indonesia 1

Local wisdom of Aek Latong society for mitigation and adapta...

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1st International Conference on environmental sciences, ICES 2018

作者： Haris, Zainal A. Irianto, Agus Heldi Hermon, Dedi Yulnafatmawita Department of Environmental Science Post Graduate Program Universitas Negeri Padang Prof. Dr. Hamka Street West Air Tawar Padang-West Sumatera25131 Indonesia Universitas Putra Indonesia Lubuk Begalung Padang Indonesia Geographical Department Universitas Negeri Padang Prof. Dr. Hamka Street West Air Tawar Padang-West Sumatera25131 Indonesia Soil Science Department Andalas University Limau Manis Padang Indonesia

Lately, due to advance technology, some of natural disasters could be forecasted, therefore the people can decide where to go to avoid the disasters. However, people in Aek Latong North Sumatra did different thing. They just stayed in their villages or regions without moving to anticipate the impact that might happen. This research was aimed to identify the local wisdom of Aek Latong society in facing, mitigating, and adapting the disaster, especially soil movement disaster in their region. This research was conducted through 3 steps (preparation, main survey, and data analyses). At the first step (preparation) was conducted to get secondary data about Aek Latong, such as geographical position, natural condition, type of natural disaster, society and the tradition. The second step (main survey) was conducted by directly interviewing the people in Aek Latong how they face, mitigate, and adapt the disaster happening. The third step was data analyses. Based on data resulted, Aek Latong society has a strong belief inherited from their ancients that everything come from the almighty God, therefore they have to face it. They believe that God has specific purposes to do so for them, they do not have to easily give up. Then, they also mitigate and adapt the disaster by earlier checking the signs of disaster and following the advice given, besides they did not construct building and do farming activities in sloping area and in the river bank. It could be concluded that Aek Latong society was able to face, mitigate, and adapt to the natural disaster in their region by their belief, knowledge, as well as by following the advice given. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Disasters

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Traditionally used medicinal plants mediate the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: methodological, larvicidal, and ecotoxicological approach

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The science of the total environment 2023年 873卷 162402页

作者： Chinnaperumal Kamaraj Sugumar Vimal Chinnasamy Ragavendran Arumugam Priyadharsan K Marimuthu Guilherme Malafaia Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM) Directorate of Research SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST) Kattankulathur 603203 Tamil Nadu India. Electronic address: kamarajc@srmist.edu.in. Department of Biochemistry Saveetha Medical College & Hospital Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Thandalam Chennai 602105 Tamil Nadu India. Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Chennai 600 077 India. Department of Environmental Science Tezpur Univrsity Napaam Tezpur Assam 784028 India. Electronic address: kmmuthu@tezu.ernet.in. Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment Goiano Federal Institute Urutaí GO Brazil Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources Goiano Federal Institute Urutaí GO Brazil Post-Graduation Program in Ecology Conservation and Biodiversity Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlândia MG Brazil Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity Federal University of Goiás Goiânia GO Brazil. Electronic address: guilhermeifgoiano@***.

It has been shown that vegetal species constitute an alternative natural source for the biosynthesis of new nanomaterials. Thus, aiming to expand knowledge about the potential use of plants in the fabrication of metallic nanomaterials, we aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from phyto-formulation (PF) of ten commonly used medicinal plants. Our results demonstrate the formation of spherical, stable, polycrystalline AgNPs with a diameter of 8.42 nm to 18.40 nm, whose biosynthesis confirmation was performed via UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential studies. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the biosynthesized AgNPs showed larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi larvae, with the histopathology findings from the fourth instar larval stage validating such larvicidal toxicity. The histological examinations showed severe degradation of the larvae's hindgut, epithelial cells, midgut, and cortical area. However, the PF extract and the biosynthesized AgNPs showed high ecotoxicity in Danio rerio larvae exposed to different concentrations. The treatments induced changes in hatchability percentage, animal growth, and heartbeat. Therefore, despite supporting the potential of PF (from ten plant species) as a raw material source for AgNPs biosynthesis, our study also sheds light on its ecotoxicological potential, suggesting that more comprehensive assessments of the ecotoxicity of biosynthesized would be performed before its application in different sectors.

关键词： Biofabrication Ecotoxicity Nanomaterials Phyto-formulation Plant extract

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A review manuscript submitted to Chemosphere advancement of green technologies: A comprehensive review on the potential application of microalgae biomass

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Chemosphere 2021年 281卷 130886-130886页

作者： Yap, Jiunn Kwok Sankaran, Revathy Chew, Kit Wayne Halimatul Munawaroh, Heli Siti Ho, Shih-Hsin Rajesh Banu, J. Show, Pau Loke State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Environment Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Jalan Broga SemenyihSelangor Darul Ehsan43500 Malaysia Graduate School University of Nottingham Malaysia Jalan Broga SemenyihSelangor Darul Ehsan43500 Malaysia School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Malaysia Jalan Sunsuria Bandar Sunsuria SepangSelangor Darul Ehsan43900 Malaysia Chemistry Program Department of Chemistry Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung Indonesia Department of Life Science Central University of Tamil Nadu Neelakudi ThiruvarurTamilnadu610005 India

Microalgae have drawn significant interest worldwide, owing to their enormous application potential in the green energy, biopharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Many studies have proved and stated the potential of microalgae in the area of biofuel which is economically effective and environmentally friendly. Besides the commercial value, the potential of microalgae in environmental protection has also been investigated. Microalgae-based process is one of the most effective way to treat heavy metal pollution, compared to conventional methods, it does not release any toxic waste or harmful gases, and the aquatic organism will not receive any harmful effects. The potential dual role of microalge in phytoremedation and energy production has made it widely explored for its capability. The interest of microalgae in various application has motivated a new focus in green technologies. Considering the rapid population growth with the continuous increase on the global demand and the application of biomass in diverse field, significant upgrades have been performed to accommodate green technological advancement. In the past decade, noteworthy advancement has been made on the technology involving the diverse application of microalgae biomass. This review aims to explore on the application of microalgae and the development of green technology in various application for microalgae biomass. There is great prospects for researchers in this field to delve into other potential utilization of microalgae biomass not only for bioremediation process but also to generate revenues from microalgae by incorporating clean and green technology for long-term sustainability and environmental benefits. © 2021

关键词： Microalgae

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Camera Calibration of the CTA-LST prototype 37

Camera Calibration of the CTA-LST prototype

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37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Kobayashi, Yukiho Okumura, Akira Cassol, Franca Katagiri, Hideaki Sitarek, Julian Gliwny, Pawel Nozaki, Seiya Nogami, Yuto Abe, H. Aguasca, A. Agudo, I. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Armstrong, T. Artero, M. Asano, K. Ashkar, H. Aubert, P. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, A. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Becerra Gonzalez, J. Bernardos, M.I. Berti, A. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bose, D. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chikawa, M. Chytka, L. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Dalchenko, M. De Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. Deleglise, G. Delgado, C. Delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, D. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Daaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsaasser, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Fonseca, M.V. Freixas Coromina, L. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. Garcia Lapez, R. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Godinovic, N. Green, D. Grespan, P. Gunji, S. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Hayashi, K. Heckmann, L. Heller, M. Herrera Llorente, J. Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, D. Horns, D. Houles, J. Hrabovsky, M. Hrupec, D. Hui, D. HÃŒtten, M. Inada, T. Inome, Y. Iori, M. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jacquemont, M. Jimenez Martinez, I. Jouvin, L. Jurysek, J. Kagaya, M. Karas, V. Kataoka, J. Kerszberg, D. Kong, A. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamanna, G. Lamastra, A. Le Flour, T. Longo, F. Lapez-Coto, R. Lapez-Moya, M. Lapez-Oramas, A. Luque-Escamilla, P.L. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mandat, D. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Marquez, P. Marsella, G. Marta, J. Martinez, O. MartÃnez, G. MartÃnez, M. Marusevec, P. Mas, A. Maurin, G. Mazin, D. Mestre Guillen, E. Micanovic, S. Miceli, D. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Miranda, L.D.M. Mirzoyan, R. Mizuno, T. Molina, E. Montaruli, T. Monteiro, I. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, D. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Mrakovcic, K. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo Chiba Japan Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe Nagoya University Nagoya Japan Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France College of Science Ibaraki University Ibaraki Japan Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics University of Lodz ul. Pomorska 149/153 Lódz90-236 Poland Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto606-8502 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Japan Departament de Fasica Quantica i Astrofasica Institut de Ciancies del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Spain Instituto de Astrofasica de Andalucaa-CSIC Spain INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Italy Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM France The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Spain IRFU CEA Universita© Paris-Saclay France LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy France Universitaat Hamburg Institut faer Experimentalphysik Germany Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo Japan EMFTEL Department IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna Italy Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fasicas Brazil INFN Sezione di Padova Universita degli Studi di Padova Italy Instituto de Astrofasica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofasica Universidad de La Laguna Spain Max-Planck-Institut faer Physik Germany Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Germany Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics India INFN Sezione di Trieste Universita degli Studi di Udine Italy INFN Sezione di Catania Italy Italy University of Geneva Da©partement de Physique Nucla©aire et Corpusculaire Switzerland Palacky University Olomouc Faculty of Science Czech Republic CIEMAT Spain Port d'Informacia Cientafica Spain INFN Sezione di Torino Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Universita degli Studi di Tori

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next-generation gamma-ray observatory that is expected to reach one order of magnitude better sensitivity than that of current telescope arrays. The Large-Sized Telescopes (LSTs) have an essential role in extending the energy range down to 20 GeV. The prototype LST (LST-1) proposed for CTA was built in La Palma, the northern site of CTA, in 2018. LST-1 is currently in its commissioning phase and moving towards scientific observations. The LST-1 camera consists of 1855 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) which are sensitive to Cherenkov light. PMT signals are recorded as waveforms sampled at 1 GHz rate with Domino Ring Sampler version 4 (DRS4) chips. Fast sampling is essential to achieve a low energy threshold by minimizing the integration of background light from the night sky. Absolute charge calibration can be performed by the so-called F-factor method, which allows calibration constants to be monitored even during observations. A calibration pipeline of the camera readout has been developed as part of the LST analysis chain. The pipeline performs DRS4 pedestal and timing corrections, as well as the extraction and calibration of charge and time of pulses for subsequent higher-level analysis. The performance of each calibration step is examined, and especially charge and time resolution of the camera readout are evaluated and compared to CTA requirements. We report on the current status of the calibration pipeline, including the performance of each step through to signal reconstruction, and the consistency with Monte Carlo simulations. © 2022 Sissa Medialab Srl. All rights reserved.

关键词： Calibration

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AHR is a Zika virus host factor and a candidate target for antiviral therapy (vol 52, pg 941, 2020)

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NATURE NEUROscience 2020年第10期23卷 1307-1307页

作者： Giovannoni, Federico Bosch, Irene Polonio, Carolina Manganeli Torti, Maria F. Wheeler, Michael A. Li, Zhaorong Romorini, Leonardo Rodriguez Varela, Maria S. Rothhammer, Veit Barroso, Andreia Tjon, Emily C. Sanmarco, Liliana M. Takenaka, Maisa C. Modaresi, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Gutierrez-Vazquez, Cristina Zanluqui, Nagela Ghabdan dos Santos, Nilton Barreto Munhoz, Carolina Demarchi Wang, Zhongyan Damonte, Elsa B. Sherr, David Gehrke, Lee Peron, Jean Pierre Schatzmann Garcia, Cybele C. Quintana, Francisco J. Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales Departamento de Química Biológica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET—Instituto de Química Biológica Buenos Aires Argentina Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York NY USA Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory Immunology Department—ICB IV University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Scientific Platform Pasteur—USP University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Laboratorio de Investigación aplicada a Neurociencias Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia Buenos Aires Argentina Immunopathology and Allergy Post Graduate Program School of Medicine University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Department of Pharmacology Institute of Biomedical Science University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Dept. of Environmental Health Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA Program in Virology Division of Medical Sciences Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus linked to multiple birth defects including microcephaly, known as congenital ZIKV syndrome. The identification of host factors involved in ZIKV replication may guide efficacious therapeutic interventions. In genome-wide transcriptional studies, we found that ZIKV infection triggers aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation. Specifically, ZIKV infection induces kynurenine (Kyn) production, which activates AHR, limiting the production of type I interferons (IFN-I) involved in antiviral immunity. Moreover, ZIKV-triggered AHR activation suppresses intrinsic immunity driven by the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, which limits ZIKV replication. AHR inhibition suppressed the replication of multiple ZIKV strains in vitro and also suppressed replication of the related flavivirus dengue. Finally, AHR inhibition with a nanoparticle-delivered AHR antagonist or an inhibitor developed for human use limited ZIKV replication and ameliorated newborn microcephaly in a murine model. In summary, we identified AHR as a host factor for ZIKV replication and PML protein as a driver of anti-ZIKV intrinsic immunity.

关键词： Immunology Microbiology

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Use of machine learning algorithms to determine the relationship between air pollution and cognitive impairment in Taiwan

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Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 2024年 284卷 116885页

作者： Cheng-Hong Yang Chih-Hsien Wu Kuei-Hau Luo Huang-Chih Chang Sz-Chiao Wu Hung-Yi Chuang Department of Information Management Tainan University of Technology Tainan 71002 Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 80778 Taiwan Ph. D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan School of Dentistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan. Electronic address: chyang@nkust.edu.tw. Department of Electronic Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 80778 Taiwan. Electronic address: F108152123@nkust.edu.tw. Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medicine University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan. Electronic address: u107800007@kmu.edu.tw. Divisions of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung 83341 Taiwan Ph.D Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Research Center for Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan. Electronic address: kuan2101@yahoo.com.tw. Epidemiology in the Public Health Program College of Health Oregon State University Oregon 97331 USA. Electronic address: wusz550@***. Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medicine University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan Ph.D Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Research Center for Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine School of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Kaohsiung Medicine University Hospital Kaohsiung Medicine University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan. Electronic address: ericch@kmu.edu.tw.

Air pollution has become a major global threat to human health. Urbanization and industrialization over the past few decades have increased the air pollution. Plausible connections have been made between air pollutants and dementia. This study used machine learning algorithms (k-nearest neighbors, random forest, gradient-boosted decision trees, eXtreme gradient boosting, and CatBoost) to investigate the association between cognitive impairment and air pollution. Data from the Taiwan Biobank and 75 air-pollution-monitoring stations in Taiwan were analyzed to determine individual levels of exposure to air pollutants. The pollutants examined were particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 2.5 μm (PM), nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone. The results revealed that the most strongly correlated with cognitive impairment were ozone, PM, and carbon monoxide levels with adjustment of educational level, age, and household income. The model based on these factors achieved accuracy as high as 0.97 for detecting cognitive impairment, indicating a positive association between air pollutions and cognitive impairment.

关键词： Air pollution Carbon monoxide Cognitive impairment Dementia Ozone PM(2.5)

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Creatine and l-carnitine attenuate muscular laminopathy in the LMNA mutation transgenic zebrafish

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Scientific Reports 2024年第1期14卷 1-19页

作者： Pan, Shao-Wei Wang, Horng-Dar Hsiao, He-Yun Hsu, Po-Jui Tseng, Yung-Che Liang, Wen-Chen Jong, Yuh-Jyh Yuh, Chiou-Hwa Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Zhunan Taiwan Institute of Biotechnology National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Laboratory Medicine Mackay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Yuanpei University of Medical Technology Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Nursing MacKay Medical College Taipei Taiwan Marine Research Station Institute of Cellular and Organism Biology Academia Sinica I-Lan Taiwan Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Pediatrics Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Translational Research Center of Neuromuscular Diseases Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Laboratory Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan

Lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutations contribute to severe striated muscle laminopathies, affecting cardiac and skeletal muscles, with limited treatment options. In this study, we delve into the investigations of five distinct LMNA mutations, including three novel variants and two pathogenic variants identified in patients with muscular laminopathy. Our approach employs zebrafish models to comprehensively study these variants. Transgenic zebrafish expressing wild-type LMNA and each mutation undergo extensive morphological profiling, swimming behavior assessments, muscle endurance evaluations, heartbeat measurement, and histopathological analysis of skeletal muscles. Additionally, these models serve as platform for focused drug screening. We explore the transcriptomic landscape through qPCR and RNAseq to unveil altered gene expression profiles in muscle tissues. Larvae of LMNA(L35P), LMNA(E358K), and LMNA(R453W) transgenic fish exhibit reduced swim speed compared to LMNA(WT) measured by DanioVision. All LMNA transgenic adult fish exhibit reduced swim speed compared to LMNA(WT) in T-maze. Moreover, all LMNA transgenic adult fish, except LMNA(E358K), display weaker muscle endurance than LMNA(WT) measured by swimming tunnel. Histochemical staining reveals decreased fiber size in all LMNA mutations transgenic fish, excluding LMNA(WT) fish. Interestingly, LMNA(A539V) and LMNA(E358K) exhibited elevated heartbeats. We recognize potential limitations with transgene overexpression and conducted association calculations to explore its effects on zebrafish phenotypes. Our results suggest lamin A/C overexpression may not directly impact mutant phenotypes, such as impaired swim speed, increased heart rates, or decreased muscle fiber diameter. Utilizing LMNA zebrafish models for drug screening, we identify l-carnitine treatment rescuing muscle endurance in LMNA(L35P) and creatine treatment reversing muscle endurance in LMNA(R453W) zebrafish models. Creatine activates AMPK and mTOR pathw

关键词： Creatine l-Carnitine LMNA Striated muscle laminopathy Zebrafish

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Crystallographic preferred orientation of (Mg,Fe)O up to 125 GPa inferred from torsional deformation experiments using a rotational diamond anvil cell

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Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 2025年

作者： Bunrin Natsui Shintaro Azuma Keishi Okazaki Kentaro Uesugi Masahiro Yasutake Saori Kawaguchi-Imada Ryuichi Nomura Kenji Ohta Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8550 Japan Earth and Planetary Systems Science Program Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research (X-star) Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) 200 Monobe-otsu Nankoku Kochi 783-8502 Japan Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8) 1-1-1 Koto Sayo Hyogo 679-5198 Japan Hakubi Center/Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies Kyoto University Yoshida-nihonmatsu cho Sakyo ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan

To investigate the texture development of (Mg,Fe)O, we conducted torsional deformation experiments on (Mg,Fe)O with varying Fe contents under pressures up to 125 GPa and temperatures up to 900 K using a rotational diamond anvil cell combined with synchrotron X-rays. The results indicate that the texture development follows the same trend as that observed in MgO, even when the Fe content varies or undergoes a spin transition. However, we found that the crystal plane perpendicular to the compression direction of (Mg,Fe)O could transition from {110} to {100} at lower pressure and temperature conditions than in MgO, attributable to the effect of Fe incorporation. Additionally, the texture of (Mg,Fe)O may vary with the combination of Fe content and strain. In regions with high Fe content and large strains, such as the D″ layer, it may be necessary to evaluate the seismic anisotropy of (Mg,Fe)O based on the texture considering the effects of Fe content and strain.

关键词： (Mg,Fe)O Crystallographic preferred orientation Mantle Spin transition Deformation experiments

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