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Low-Temperature Methanolysis of Polycarbonate over Solid Base Sodium Aluminate

Langmuir 2024年第10期40卷 5338-5347页

作者： Krisbiantoro, Philip Anggo Sato, Miyu Lin, Tzu-Ming Chang, Yu-Chia Peng, Tzu-Yun Wu, Yun-Chih Liao, Weisheng Kamiya, Yuichi Otomo, Ryoichi Wu, Kevin C.-W. Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University Nishi 5 Kita 10 Sapporo060-0810 Japan Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Nishi 5 Kita 10 Sapporo060-0810 Japan Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Taoyuan320 Taiwan

Herein, a low-cost and readily available sodium aluminate (NaAlO2) was used as a solid base catalyst for the depolymerization of polycarbonate (PC) via methanolysis in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent. NaAlO2 was highly active for the reaction, and the performance was comparable to that of soluble strong base SrO and much higher than those of MgO and CaO. By the reaction over the catalyst, a highly pure and crystalline bisphenol A (BPA) was obtained. Among tested organic solvents, THF was the best in aiding PC methanolysis over NaAlO2 due to the polarity similar to PC according to Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs). At 60 °C, 98.1% PC conversion and 96.8% BPA yield were achieved within just 2 h. NaAlO2 was reusable without any severe catalyst deactivation in at least four runs. The mechanistic study revealed that the reaction proceeded via the methoxide pathway, with THF aiding the dissolution of PC. The reaction over NaAlO2 possessed a low apparent activation energy (Ea) of 75.1 kJ mol-1, which is the lowest ever reported so far for the reaction over solid catalysts. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： Sodium Aluminate

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A novel open-source framework for automatic flocculation kinetics and retention time modelling using image analysis and swarm intelligence

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Journal of Water Process Engineering 2025年 74卷

作者： Bankole, Abayomi O. Moruzzi, Rodrigo Negri, Rogério G. Campos, Luiza C. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP) Bauru Campus São Paulo Brazil Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University (UNESP) São Paulo São José dos Campos Brazil Department of Water Resources Management and Agrometeorology COLERM Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria Graduate Program in Natural Disasters (UNESP/CEMADEN) São Paulo São José dos Campos Brazil Centre for Urban Sustainability and Resilience Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatic Engineering University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom

Automatic detection of flocculation kinetic mechanisms and total hydraulic retention time (THRT) in multi-chamber systems in series is essential for seamless water treatment modelling. This study presents the first open-source tool for modelling flocculation kinetics and THRT in multi-chambers systems, with their sensitivity to image analysis. This study introduces three key novelties: (1) a non-derivative Secant method for simulating THRT, (2) use of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to facilitate curve fitting technique for modelling flocculation kinetic coefficients, and (3) automatic retention time modelling directly from floc images, including sensitivity to threshold-based image segmentation. The proposed Secant method demonstrated greater robustness compared to the existing Newton-Raphson method (N-R), as it avoided convergence in cases where the N-R produced negative retention times. The PSO algorithm produced results comparable to the Bayesian approach, with aggregation coefficients of 2.773 × 10⁻⁴ and 1.905 × 10⁻⁴, and breakage coefficients of 1.186 × 10⁻⁶ and 2.656 × 10⁻⁶, at low and high velocity gradients (G), respectively. Flocculation kinetics at low G has steady aggregation followed by a dynamic equilibrium, while high G exhibited rapid formation of fragile flocs, followed by dominant breakage mechanism, and a later lower equilibrium. Scaled G for multi-chamber systems showed that reactor configurations with an immediate low G in the second chamber resulted in an average 50 % decrease in THRT. Finally, aggregation and breakage coefficients were sensitive to image segmentation thresholds, but THRT sensitivity is limited. The deployed model is accessible to improve flocculation modelling for multi-chambers in series (https://***). © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Aggregation and breakage coefficients Completely stirred tank reactor Flocculation kinetics Intelligent water treatment monitoring System automation

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Decreasing level of heavy metals Fe and Mn use the wetland method at coal open mining PT Bukit Asam South Sumatra Province 1

Decreasing level of heavy metals Fe and Mn use the wetland m...

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1st International Conference on environmental sciences, ICES 2018

作者： Prabowo, Heri Amran, Ali Arbain, Ardinis Department of Environmental Science Post Graduate Program Universitas Negeri Padang Prof. Dr. Hamka Street West Air Tawar Padang-West Sumatra25131 Indonesia

PT. Bukit Asam, Tbk is a coal mining company that directly produces waste water. For this reason, it is necessary to treat wastewater to neutralize substances that pollute the wastewater, one of the methods used is constructed wetland. The method used is descriptive quantitative method. Where this study will produce the influence of the constructed wetland method in neutralizing waste water from the coal mining process at PT. Bukit Asam, Tbk. Based on the results of the study it can be seen that the waste treatment caused by the Constructed Wetland coal mining process can increase the Ph value from 3 samples averaging 2.6 mg / l, reducing the Fe metal content from 3 samples averaging 9.98 mg / l, and lowering the metal content of Mn from 3 samples averaging 0.75 mg / l and decreasing the level of Total Suspended Solid from 3 samples averaging 486 mg / l. The constructed wetland method that has been implemented at PT. BA has succeeded in neutralizing Fe and Mn metals and TSS according to the standard quality values that meet the standards set by the government. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Wetlands

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Pulmonary Disease Pattern Recognition on X-Ray Radiography Image Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Method 3

Pulmonary Disease Pattern Recognition on X-Ray Radiography I...

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3rd Annual Scientific Meeting on Medical Physics and Biophysics, PIT-FMB in conjunction with the 17th South-East Asia Congress of Medical Physics, SEACOMP 2019

作者： Fitriyah, N. Kurniawati, L.D. Purwanti, E. Astuti, S.D. Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya60115 Indonesia Biomedical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya60115 Indonesia Department of Biomedical Engineering Post-Graduate Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya60115 Indonesia

This research aims to recognize the pattern of pulmonary disease on x-ray radiography image using artificial neural network (ANN) method. The images, which were used such as images of healthy pulmonary, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pulmonary tumour. Pattern recognition was using an extraction feature of GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) and back propagation method. Before being identified, the images were processed by median filter and adaptive histogram equalization. The GLCM features that used were homogeneity, energy, contrast, variance and correlation. The parameters were learning rate and hidden layer. Learning rate was 0.3 and hidden layer was 25. Back propagation training showed 100% accuracy, which all of 44 images were used had been successfully identified. From the result, the healthy pulmonary showed 60% accuracy, 83.3% for pulmonary tuberculosis and 100% for pulmonary tumor. Hence, the overall result showed 81.25% accuracy, which 13 of 16 images had been successfully identified. From these result, extraction feature of GLCM using back propagation method was capable to recognize the pattern of pulmonary disease. However, due to narrow range of the feature, this application may not be used optimally for comparing features in every category of images. Therefore, the further research is needed to determine the best features and parameters of training back propagation. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Pattern recognition

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Accuracy Improvement of ASTER Stereo Satellite Generated DEM Using Texture Filter

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Geo-Spatial Information science 2010年第4期13卷 257-262页

作者： Mandla V.Ravibabu Kamal Jain Surendra Pal Singh Naga Jyothi Meeniga Center for GIS School of Geography and Environmental ScienceMonash UniversityClayton CampusVICAustralia Environmental Water Resource and Transportation Engineering DivisionSchool of Mechanical & Building ScienceVellore Institute of Technology(VIT)-University Vellore-632 014Tamil NaduIndia Geomatics Engineering Section Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee-247667U.A.India Post Graduate Student(GST) Institute of Science and TechnologyJNTUHyderabadIndia

The grid DEM(digital elevation model) generation can be from any of a number of sources:for instance,analogue to digital conversion of contour maps followed by application of the TIN model,or direct elevation point modelling via digital photogrammetry applied to airborne images or satellite ***,apart from the deployment of point-clouds from LiDAR data acquisition,the generally favoured approach refers to applications of digital *** of the most important steps in such deployment is the stereo matching process for conjugation point(pixel) establishment:very difficult in modelling any homogenous areas like water cover or forest canopied areas due to the lack of distinct spatial *** a result,application of automated procedures is sure to generate erroneous elevation *** this paper,we present and apply a method for improving the quality of stereo DEMs generated via utilization of an entropy texture *** filter was applied for extraction of homogenous areas before stereo matching so that a statistical texture filter could then be applied for removing anomalous evaluation values prior to interpolation and accuracy assessment via deployment of a spatial correlation *** exemplification,we used a stereo pair of ASTER 1B images.

关键词： ASTER digital elevation model extraction stereo matching texture filter quality improvement

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A Thermally Stable, Infrared-Transparent High-Sulfur-Containing Polymer for High Aspect-Ratio Nanostructured MWIR Polarizer

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Small 2025年 e2504090页

作者： Kang, Minjeong Jang, Wontae Lee, Junghyun Kim, Sanghyun Lee, Gyuwon Choi, Keonwoo Kim, Jun Oh Ku, Zahyun Ahn, Junhyoung Lim, Hyungjun Lim, Jeewoo Wie, Jeong Jae Im, Sung Gap Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 South Korea Advanced Instrumentation Institute Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science 267 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34113 South Korea Apex Microdevices 4871 Misrach Ct West Chester 45069 OH United States Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM) 156 Gajeongbuk-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34103 South Korea Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Science Kyung Hee University 26 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 South Korea Human-Tech Convergence Program Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 South Korea Department of Chemical Engineering State University of New York College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry Syracuse NY 13210 United States Graduate school of Semiconductor Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 South Korea

Infrared (IR) polarizer is essential for thermal imaging applications such as mobility and military operations. High-sulfur-containing polymers have emerged as promising candidates for IR polarizers due to their mid-wave IR (MWIR) transparency, addressing the limitations of inorganic materials, including their brittleness and high cost. However, poor thermal stability and limited IR range restrict their applicability. This study introduces a glassy IR polarizer based on poly(sulfur-co-hexavinyl disiloxane) (pSHVDS), a highly crosslinked sulfur-rich polymer synthesized via sulfur chemical vapor deposition (sCVD). Self-crosslinking of pSHVDS at high temperatures provided thermal stability during nanoimprint lithography, enabling the fabrication of high-fidelity nano-grating patterns (400 nm pitch, 150 nm width, 300 nm height). The broad transmittance and high aspect ratio of the nanopattern enabled the glassy-pSHVDS MWIR polarizer to achieve over 50% transmittance of transverse magnetic field (T_TM) and an extinction ratio (ER) exceeding 6000 across a broad IR range (3-8 µm). An additional pSHVDS anti-reflection coating further enhanced T_TM to 84% and ER to 7200 at a wavelength of 4 µm, the highest ER reported for organic MWIR polarizers to date. The polarizer maintained its performance after 24 h at 100 °C, demonstrating exceptional thermal stability. These findings underscore the potential of glassy pSHVDS-based polarizers for IR applications. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： bilayer wire grid polarizer high sulfur-content polymer (HSCP) MWIR polarizer sulfur chemical vapor deposition (sCVD) thermal stability

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Decision Support Systems Selection of Soang Superior Brood Using Weighted Product (WP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Method 4

Decision Support Systems Selection of Soang Superior Brood U...

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4th International Conference on Energy, Environment, Epidemiology and Information System, ICENIS 2019

作者： Ramadiani Kurniawan, Reynaldi Kridalaksana, Awang Harsa Jundillah, Muhammad Labib Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Mulawarman University Samarinda Indonesia Magister Program of Information System School of Post Graduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Gurame Soang Latin name Osphronomus Labirynthici gouramy including fish, that as the fish have gills and breathing apparatus in the form of additional gills (Labyrinth). One important factor in fish farming Soang Gurame is holding elections. Superior brood has characteristics identical, to distinguish it needs to experience since it is quite difficult. Some of the assessment factors in selecting a superior brood that could be considered in the cultivation of the fish farmers Gurame Soang as ideal weight, physical disability, movement of fish, the shape of the head, and the body color. All of these factors combined to get an assessment that could help the decision making process fish Gurame Soang superior sires. This study used two methods that have selected the calculation accuracy of the decision-making process. The method used is the Weighted Product and Simple Additive weighting. The results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded the total number of alternative Gurame Soang superior sires data as many as 10 fish, and obtained the results of testing the level of accuracy by using the results of data from a breeder Gurame Soang superior sires, Method of Weighted Product got an accuracy of 80% and methods Simple Additive weighting got an accuracy of 60%. © The Authors, published by EDP sciences, 2019.

关键词： Fish

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Adsorption Pollution Leather Tanning Industry Wastewater by Chitosan Coated Coconut Shell Active Charcoal

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Agriculture and Agricultural science Procedia 2015年 3卷 241-247页

作者： M. Lasindrang H. Suwarno S.D. Tandjung H.N. Kamiso Environmental Science Program Post Graduate School Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Teknika Utara Street Yogyakarta Indonesia

Besides having advantages, Chitosan as biosorbent has also disadvantages. . Chitosan is very soluble in low pH so it cannot adsorb Cr (total) at low pH. It is due to active site (amine group) of chitosan undergo protonation and its adsorption capability is easily influenced by anions in waters. The research studied use of chitosan coating active charcoal of coconut shell to increase adsorption capability of Cr (total), BOD, COD. This research was done to evaluate characteristic of liquid waste quality with IPAL or without IPAL and compare with Regulation of DIY Governor number 7/2010. It studied also effect of pH and Concentration of chitosan coating active charcoal as adsorbent on decrease in Cr (total), BOD, and COD concentration on liquid waste of leather tanning. The results indicate liquid waste of leather tanning industry with IPAL and without IPAL have exceeded quality standard of liquid wast e of leather tanning industry. ANOVA statistical test indicated Cr (total), BOD, COD are significant at 5% (p<0.05), various pH influenced decrease in Cr (total), BOD, COD. The highest removal percentage on effect of chitosan concentration coating active charcoal is obtained in adsorbent C (K3A1), Cr (total) (99.19%); BOD (99.95%); COD (99.825%)

关键词： adsorption chitosan Cr(total) BOD COD

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Relationship Population Density of Aquatic Sediment Macrozoobenthos to River Water Quality Parameters： Case Study of Upstream Citarum River in Bandung Regency

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Journal of environmental science and Engineering(A) 2016年第3期5卷 117-125页

作者： Barti Setiani Muntalif Nurul Chasanah Mohammad Faiz Faza Departement of Environmental Engineering Institute Technology Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia Environmental Engineering Program Post-Graduate Academy Institute Technology Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia

The increase in anthropogenic activities occur along the upstream of Citarum River Basin （CRB） in Bandung regency had a negative impact to the water quality caused by the presence of human activity, it will be able to be a disruption to the ecosystem aquatic. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the physical and chemical parameters of water and sediment to the presence of macrozoobenthos populations. Based on the result of Pearson Correlation Analysis （PCA）, the parameters of COD, TOC and silt composition were the highest correlation to the macrozoobenthos population density, the value were 0.966, 0.865 and 0.576. Although PCA analysis is used to determine the relationship between the parameters of water, sediment and sediment particle distribution, the result showed that the water parameters were the mayor component affected the density of macrozoobenthos. While based on the composition of sediment, it is found that substrate as silt, clay and gravel and phosphate parameter affected the density of macrozoobenthos. The measurement of water quality also were calculated by Biotic Monitoring Working Party-Average Score Per Taxon （BMWP-ASPT） index showed that the quality were polluted condition, although by Pollution Index （IP） method showed as a light polluted category.

关键词： Citarum upstream correlation sediment macrozoobenthos water quality.

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Numerical evaluation of the pressure drop in multiphase flow of the catenary riser with the presence of leakage

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Defect and Diffusion Forum 2016年 366卷 157-165页

作者： De Almeida Tavares, Daniela Passos Simões Sarmento, Lígia Rafaely Barbosa Barbosa, Enivaldo Santos De Farias Neto, Severino Rodrigues De Lima, Antonio Gilson Barbosa Federal University of Campina Grande Center of Science and Technology Post Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering Campina GrandeParaíba58429-900 Brazil Federal University of Campina Grande Center of Science and Technology Petroleum Engineering Department Campina GrandeParaíba58429-900 Brazil Federal University of Campina Grande Center of Science and Technology Mechanical Engineering Department Campina GrandeParaíba58429-900 Brazil

The growing demand for oil brings the need for discovery of deeper reservoirs, especially of ultra-deepwater reservoirs. Thus, production in marine systems using components such as risers (flexible or rigid pipes) has been the focus of many studies in different areas. These ducts are used in the transportation of multiphase fluids (oil, water and gas) produced from the oil well located on the seabed to the platform surface. Due to the extreme conditions present in the offshore fields of production, the equipments that transport produced fluids operate close to their limits. So eventually, the flexible pipes may have structural integrity faults like leaks, which can cause production losses, accidents with victims and environmental disasters. The leak depends of a number of properties or parameters measured at the site of the leak, for example, integrity of the pipe material, release of fluids and noise emission characteristics or manifestation of some other type of signal behavior, variation of pressure drops close to the leak, among others. There are a variety of techniques available for detecting leaks, among which there is the mathematical modeling approach using computational techniques. In this context, this paper aims to study the fluid dynamics of a transient multiphase flow in a catenary riser in the presence of leakage. Herein a 3D Eulerian-Eulerian model was applied, including the turbulent model (RNG k-ϵ), using the commercial package ANSYS CFX® 15 to perform all simulations. The numerical results of velocity, volume fraction and pressure of the involved phases are presented and discussed. © 2016 Trans Tech Publications.

关键词： Drops

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