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Is it Possible to have a Short, Leftward Past and Face a Long, Rightward Future?

Procedia - Social and Behavioral sciences 2014年 126卷 174-175页

作者： Argyro Vagia Georgia-Anna Chandridi Eleni Orfanidou Argiro Vatakis Post-Graduate Programme in Basic & Applied Cognitive Science University of Athens Ano Ilisia Athens 15771 Greece Department of Psychology University of Crete Rethymno 74100 Greece Cognitive Systems Research Institute (CSRI) 7 Makedonomachou Prantouna Str. Athens 11525 Greece

Do we estimate time in a different way when talking about last year's holiday or when planning the next one? In other words, does time – being both a concept and a context – has an impact on the way we perceive the duration of an event? And, do the different temporal concepts reflect to distinct spatial points? As far as language is concerned, the main focus of the research emphasizes on the relation between time and space, either in terms of language metaphors ( Boroditsky, 2000 , Boroditsky, 2001 , Casasanto and Boroditsky, 2008 , Casasanto et al., 2004 ), or reaction times, when words and sentences of several temporal concepts are being presented in different points in space or responded by spatially distinct keys ( Santiago et al., 2007 ; Torralbo, Santiago, & Lupiáñez, 2006; Ulrich & Maienborn, 2010 ). Many of the studies result on the existence of a mental time-line that resembles a spatial organization, with past and short durations being represented on the left side of space, while future and long durations on its right extreme for western populations (see Bonato, Zorzi, & Umiltà, 2012, for a review). Taking into account that duration estimation comprises a fundamental dimension of time perception, it seems rather strange that reproduction tasks have not yet been used to test the above-mentioned claim and, in general, the fact that temporal concepts have not been investigated through temporal tasks, but solely through spatial tasks. If time is indeed represented in terms of space, then that should be demonstrable not only in a task based on the speed by which a time concept is being recognised ( Santiago et al., 2007 ; Torralbo, Santiago, & Lupiáñez, 2006), but on other aspects of timing, such as the duration of the presented concept(s). That is the focus of the present study. Specifically, we investigated the interaction of temporal concepts (past vs. future reference, long vs. short duration) and spatial directionality of the response, during the reproduct

关键词： Duration estimation Time concepts Mental time-line Conceptual metaphor theory

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The Perception of Integrated Events in Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Role of Semantic Relatedness and Timing

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Procedia - Social and Behavioral sciences 2014年 126卷 212-213页

作者： Venetia Bakirtzi Argiro Vatakis Post-Graduate Program in Basic & Applied Cognitive Science University of Athens Ano Ilisia Athens 15771 Greece Cognitive Systems Research Institute (CSRI) 7 Makedonomachou Prantouna Str. Athens 11525 Greece

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has been associated with impaired multisensory processing, however research on the topic has been inconclusive. For instance, research on the synchrony perception of complex stimuli has shown that children with ASD have impaired integration of audiovisual speech (e.g., a woman counting or telling a story) but normal non speech integration (e.g., a ball moving through a series of plastic ramps and cliffs; Bebko et al., 2006 ), while research on adult ASD patients has shown impaired integration for both speech (e.g., syllables) and non speech events (e.g., flash-beeps, handclap; de Boer- Schellekens et al., 2013). Studies utilizing simple stimuli and illusory paradigms such as the double-flash illusion have suggested that individuals with ASD exhibit an extended temporal integration window as compared to healthy participants ( Foss-Feig et al., 2010 , Kwakye et al., 2011 ), while others have shown no such effect (e.g., Van der Smagt et al., 2007 ). It is as yet unclear, therefore, whether or not individuals with ASD have impaired integration mechanisms and whether this impairment is due to the stimuli presented (simple vs. complex; social vs. non social), the population used (adult vs. children, severity of symptoms), and/or the tasks utilized (e.g., preferential looking paradigm vs. temporal order judgments). Additionally, it is as yet unclear whether individuals with ASD are impaired in terms of timing or binding per se (e.g., Freeman et al., 2013 ). In order to elucidate this issue, we aim to further examine the nature of these deficits through a well-formed group of children with similar symptom severity and two types of tasks. Initially, using a reaction time (RT) task, we will assess the audiovisual integration capabilities of children with ASD as compared to typically developing (TD) children without the involvement of timing (i.e., no timing differences will be introduced). According to the ‘unity effect’, a multisensory event i

关键词： Autism spectrum disorders Audiovisual perception Multisensory processing Unity assumption Synchrony perception

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