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Analysis of synthetic natural gas injection into charcoal blast furnace

Journal of materials Research and technology 2013年第3期2卷 255-262页

作者： Rocha, Elisa Pinto Da Guilherme, Vagner Silva De Castro, José Adilson Sazaki, Yasushi Yagi, Jun-Ichiro Post-Graduation Program in Metallurgical Engineering Universidade Federal Fluminense Volta Redonda RJ Brazil Environmental Metallurgy Laboratory Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Korea Republic of Tohoku University Sendai Japan

Recently, the synthetic natural gas (SNG) has been available for large consumers in the Brazilian domestic market. The SNG is a suitable fuel with potential use to several processes and facilities of the steel industry. This paper investigates the injection of SNG into charcoal blast furnaces as a substitute for granular charcoal charged from the top and pulverized charcoal injections with potential increase of productivity and decrease of specific CO2 emissions. In order to study the effect of replacement of granular charcoal and injection of pulverized charcoal the well known Blast Furnace Five Fluid Model (BF-FFM) is applied to describe detailed phenomena within the process. This model treats the blast furnace as a five-phase reactor, accounting for gas, lump solids (raw iron ore, sinter, pellets and granular charcoal), hot metal, pulverized charcoal, and molten slag. The model is based on conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and chemical species numerically solved based on the finite volume method (FVM). The SNG has high amount of H2 and strongly affects the inner conditions of the reactor and only a comprehensive model with detailed chemical reaction rates can properly predict the inner parameters of the process and hence furnish useful information to design smooth operational conditions. The simulation results obtained in this study indicated that smooth operations using SNG up to 25 N m3/t of pig iron could be achieved simultaneously by increasing the productivity up to 58% and with a decrease of 40 kg/thm on the granular charcoal charged. © 2013 Brazilian Metallurgical, materials and Mining Association.

关键词： Steelmaking

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11th German Conference on Chemoinformatics (GCC 2015) Abstracts

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JOURNAL OF CHEMINFORMATICS 2016年第SUPPL 1期8卷 1-27页

作者： [Anonymous] GDCh-CIC Division Associated Board Member Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften Trakehner Str. 7-9 60487 Frankfurt Germany. ufechner@beilstein-institut.de. Division Medicinal Chemistry Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS) VU University Amsterdam The Netherlands. Centre for Bioinformatics Uni Hamburg Bundesstr. 43 20146 Hamburg Germany. Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany. stefan.guessregen@***. Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany. GlaxoSmithKline Stevenage SG1 2NY UK. nicola.j.richmond@***. Discngine Paris 75011 France. Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Germany. marwin.segler@wwu.de. Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Germany. Bundeskriminalamt Wiesbaden Central Analytics II 65173 Wiesbaden Germany. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93111 USA. shea@chem.ucsb.edu. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93111 USA. Chemistry Department Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 7 81377 Munich Germany. Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration University of Duisburg-Essen Essen Germany. CAM-D Technologies Essen Germany. Institute for Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics Westphalian University of Applied Sciences Recklinghausen Germany. Institute for Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics Westphalian University of Applied Sciences Recklinghausen Germany. achim.zielesny@w-hs.de. Leiden University Leiden Netherlands. j.fraaije@chem.leidenuniv.nl. Culgi BV Berlin Germany. Physikalische Chemie III TU Dortmund 44227 Dortmund Germany. stefan.kast@tu-dortmund.de. Centre for Molecular Informatics Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW United Kingdom. kcb27@cam.ac.uk. Centre for Molecular Informatics Department of Chemistry

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Graphene-Iike nanostructures obtained from biomass

Graphene-Iike nanostructures obtained from biomass

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2012 MRS Fall Meeting

作者： Barin, Gabriela Bonn Santos, Yane Honorato Rocha, Jennyfer Alves Da Costa, Luiz Pereira Filho, Antônio Gomes Souza De Fátima Gimenez, Iara Barreto, Ledjane Silva Pos-graduation Program of Science and Materials Engineering Federal University of Sergipe Marechal Rondon Ave São Cristóvão 49000-100 Brazil Department of Chemistry Federal University of Sergipe Marechal Rondon Ave São Cristóvão 49000-100 Brazil Pos Graduation Program of Industrial Biotechnology Tiradentes University Aracaju Brazil Department of Physic Federal University of Ceara Fortaleza Ceará Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781632660985

Two dimensional (2D) carbon nanomaterials such as few graphite layers or graphene are extensively studied due to their unique properties suitable to be exploiting in a wide range of technological applications. Recently, the growth of high quality graphene monolayers using insects and waste as carbon precursors was reported in the literature. This methodology opened a new way to convert the waste carbon into a high-value-added product. In the present work coconut coir dust, an agroindustrial biomass, was used as biotemplate for preparing carbonaceous materials. Carbon structures were synthesized through pyrolysis under nitrogen atmosphere (lOOmL/min) at 500, 1000, and 1500°C during 2 hours. Starting materials were coconut coir dust in natura and coconut coir dust hydrothermally treated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Raman spectra showed the D band for all samples, related to the presence of defects in sp2 carbon structure and G band, indicative of graphite crystallites. It was also observed that the sample carbonized at 1500°C from coconut coir dust treated by hydrothermal method showed G' band at 2685cm-1 associated with the stacking order along the c-axis. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a broad peak around 2θ= 22° related to the presence of amorphous carbon. By increasing the pyrolysis temperature changes in XRD diffractograms were observed and the sample which was pyrolysed at 1500°C from coconut coir dust hydrothermally treated showed peaks at 28= 26.5°, 43° e 45° assigned to (002), (100) (101) graphite plans, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the presence of overlapping sheets and plates. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images of coconut coir dust in natura unveiled the formation of amorphous sheet. Coconut coir dust in natura and treated by the hydrothermal method pyrolysed at 1500°C, lead to the formation of

关键词： Graphene

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Graphene-like nanostructures obtained from Biomass

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2013年第1期1505卷 1-6页

作者： Borin Barin, Gabriela Honorato Santos, Yane Alves Rocha, Jennyfer Pereira da Costa, Luiz Gomes Souza Filho, Antônio de Fátima Gimenez, Iara Silva Barreto, Ledjane Pos-graduation Program of Science and Materials Engineering Federal University of Sergipe São Cristóvão Brazil Department of Chemistry Federal University of Sergipe São Cristóvão Brazil Pos Graduation Program of Industrial Biotechnology Tiradentes University Aracaju Brazil Department of Physic Federal University of Ceara Ceará USA

Two dimensional (2D) carbon nanomaterials such as few graphite layers or graphene are extensively studied due to their unique properties suitable to be exploiting in a wide range of technological applications. Recently, the growth of high quality graphene monolayers using insects and waste as carbon precursors was reported in the literature. This methodology opened a new way to convert the waste carbon into a high-value-added product. In the present work coconut coir dust, an agroindustrial biomass, was used as biotemplate for preparing carbonaceous materials. Carbon structures were synthesized through pyrolysis under nitrogen atmosphere (100mL/min) at 500, 1000, and 1500°C during 2 hours. Starting materials were coconut coir dust in natura and coconut coir dust hydrothermally treated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Raman spectra showed the D band for all samples, related to the presence of defects in sp2 carbon structure and G band, indicative of graphite crystallites. It was also observed that the sample carbonized at 1500°C from coconut coir dust treated by hydrothermal method showed G’ band at 2685cm-1 associated with the stacking order along the c-axis. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a broad peak around 2θ= 22° related to the presence of amorphous carbon. By increasing the pyrolysis temperature changes in XRD diffractograms were observed and the sample which was pyrolysed at 1500°C from coconut coir dust hydrothermally treated showed peaks at 2θ= 26.5°, 43° e 45° assigned to (002), (100) (101) graphite plans, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the presence of overlapping sheets and plates. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images of coconut coir dust in natura unveiled the formation of amorphous sheet. Coconut coir dust in natura and treated by the hydrothermal method pyrolysed at 1500°C, lead to the formation of

关键词： carbonization hydrothermal nanostructure

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Thermoeconomic design and optimization of frost-free refrigerators

Thermoeconomic design and optimization of frost-free refrige...

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作者： Mitishita, Rodrigo S. Barreira, Eduardo M. Negrão, Cezar O.R. Hermes, Christian J.L. Thermal Science Laboratory Postgraduate Program of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Technology - Paraná Av. Sete de Setembro 3165 80230901 Curitiba PR Brazil Center for Applied Thermodynamics Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Paraná P.O. Box 19011 81531990 Curitiba PR Brazil

An optimization methodology aiming at energy and cost savings in frost-free refrigerators is advanced. A steady-state simulation model was devised and its predictions for energy consumption were compared with experimental data obtained elsewhere, with differences not exceeding a +/- 9% error band. The model was used to find out the evaporator air flow rate, the number of evaporator and condenser fins, the compressor size and efficiency, and the insulation thicknesses of both fresh- and frozen-food compartments which yield the minimum energy consumption when the total cost is constrained. The optimization led to a refrigeration system with energy consumption 18% lower than that observed for the baseline system without any cost penalty. The system performance for four different compressors, including a high efficiency, a large capacity and a variable-speed one, was also analyzed. For the refrigerator under analysis, it was found that, to ensure an economically feasible design, the variable-speed compressor should not cost 26% more than a single-speed one with the same piston displacement. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Compressors

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Thermoeconomic analysis and optimization of residential split-type air conditioners

Thermoeconomic analysis and optimization of residential spli...

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作者： Barreira, Eduardo M. Negrão, Cezar O.R. Hermes, Christian J.L. Thermal Science Laboratory Postgraduate Program of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Technology - Paraná Av. Sete de Setembro 3165 80230-901 Curitiba PR Brazil Center for Applied Thermodynamics Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Paraná P.O. Box 19011 81531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil

A simulation-based optimization methodology for designing unitary residential air conditioners with focus on both energy performance enhancement and cost savings is presented. A steady-state system simulation model was put forward for a 2.5-ton nominal cooling capacity split-type air conditioning unit operating with R-410A as the working fluid. The model predictions for cooling capacity, sensible heat ratio (SHR) and coefficient of performance (COP) were compared with experimental data, when it was found that the model is able to predict the experimental trends within a ±6% error band. The model was then used to find out the condenser and evaporator geometries (face area, heat transfer area) that enhance the system COP for a fixed cost. On one hand, it was observed that the COP can be increased by 7% if the cost is held fixed. On the other hand, cost savings of 33% were achieved when the system COP was held constant. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air conditioning

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An evaluation of the corrosion behavior of orthodontic Ni-Ti archwires as a function of residence time the oral cavity

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ECS Transactions 2012年第50期50卷 99-112页

作者： Britto, Káthia M.F. Macedo, Daniel A. Nascimento, Rubens M. Martinelli, Antonio E. Júnior, Hélio S. Materials Science and Engineering Post-Graduate Program Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte 59072-970 Natal Brazil

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the residence time in the oral cavity on the electrochemical and microstructural properties of nickel-titanium superelastic and thermoelastic archwires aiming at establishing optimum treatment parameters regarding materials selection and maintenance of orthodontic apparatus. The corrosion behaviour of commercial archwires of different diameters was studied after periods of use from 1 to 3 months in the oral cavity of patients submitted to orthodontic treatment. Electrochemical measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. The results revealed that the stiffness of superelastic archwires increased upon use, making it unnecessary to replace archwires in the early stages of treatment with the objective of adapting the diameter of the wire. Electrochemical tests suggested extremely high corrosion resistance of the nickel-titanium alloy even in severe acid environment. SEM images revealed limited pit formation concentrated in the archwire-bracket contacts. © The Electrochemical Society.

关键词： Dental orthoses

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3D-printed scaffolds for the cultivation of mesenchymal stem cells

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2013年第24期46卷 361-366页

作者： Daniela Steffens Rodrigo A. Rezende Bruna Santi Frederico D.A.S. de Pereira Jorge V.L. da Silva Patricia Pranke Paulo Inforçatti Neto Post-graduation program of Biological Science – Phisiology Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil (Tel:+5551 3308-5257) Division of 3D Technologies Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI) Campinas SP Brazil (Tel: +5519 3746-6203) Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil (Tel:+5551 3308-5257) Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS Stem Cell Research Institute Porto Alegre RS Brazil (Tel: +5551 3308-5275)

Tissue engineering is a tool which is currently under a great deal of investigation for the development and/or restoration of tissue and organs; it combines cell therapy and biomaterials for this aim. Rapid prototyping is a versatile technology which constructs polymer based-scaffolds with strict control of its architecture. The aim of this work, therefore, has been to investigate the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells with the biomaterials obtained by rapid prototyping. Scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and biological assays were performed to analyze this interaction. As results, the number of viable cells attached to the scaffolds was lower when compared to the control group; however, it was possible to observe cells in the scaffolds since day 1 of analysis, with regions of confluence after 21 days of seeding. It could be concluded, therefore, that these biomaterials are interesting for use as a medical device, principally in tissue with prolonged regeneration time and which require good mechanical properties.

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Consolidation of the Cu46Zr42Al7Y 5 amorphous ribbons and powder alloy by hot extrusion

Consolidation of the Cu46Zr42Al7Y 5 amorphous ribbons and po...

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作者： Melle, Ana Karla Peres, Mauricio Mhirdaui Bolfarini, Claudemiro Botta, Walter José Jorge Jr., Alberto Moreira Kiminami, Claudio Shyinti Science and Materials Engineering Post Graduation Program Department of Materials Engineering Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar Rod. Washington Luiz Km 235 CEP 13565-905 São Carlos SP Brazil Federal University of Itajubá - UNIFEI Rua São Paulo 377 CEP 37500 903 Itabira MG Brazil

The amorphous Cu46Zr42Al7Y5 alloy presents large supercooled liquid region (ΔTX = 100 K), with a viscosity of about 106 N.s/m2 where the material can flow as a liquid, making it possible an easy deformation in this temperature region. The aim of this work was to analyze processing routes to produce bulks of metallic glasses. Two kinds of materials were used: amorphous powders and ribbons, both were consolidated by hot extrusion in temperatures inside the range between Tg and Tx, with a ram speed of 1 mm/min and extrusion ratio of 3 : 1. Analysis of X-Ray Diffratometry (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), revealed that the proposed consolidation routes were effective to produce large bulks of amorphous materials, even with the strong decreasing of ΔTX observed after deformation by milling and during extrusion.

关键词： Metallic glass

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Evaluation of thermal comfort in an operating room ventilated with spiral diffuser jet

Evaluation of thermal comfort in an operating room ventilate...

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10th International Conference on Healthy Buildings 2012

作者： Pereira, Marcelo Luiz Vilain, Rogério Felix, Victor Tribess, Arlindo Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Santa Catarina São José Brazil University of São Paulo Polytechnic School Program of Post-Graduation in Mechanical Engineering Brazil Cruzeiro Do sul University São Paulo Brazil University of São Paulo Polytechnic School Department of Mechanical Engineering São Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781627480758

This work evaluated thermal comfort conditions in an operating room ventilated with spiral diffuser jet. The objective is to asses conditions of local thermal discomfort of the patient and the surgical team in this kind of environment using the concept of equivalent temperatures and a manikin with heated sensors. The results showed a very small change in the equivalent temperatures in different parts of the body for the surgeon, the nurse and the patient, It occurs due to the air distribution system with spiral diffuser jet that provides more homogeneous conditions of heat exchange. However, there were higher equivalent temperatures on the head of the surgeon and the nurse and on the patient's chest, because of the heat exchange by radiation with the surgical focus.

关键词： Operating rooms

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