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Study of the induration phenomena in single pellet to traveling grate furnace

Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2013年第4期2卷 315-322页

作者： Vitoretti, Flávia De Paula De Castro, José Adilson Post-graduation Program of Metallurgical Engineering Metallurgical Engineer School Universidade Federal Fluminense Volta Redonda RJ Brazil

The process for pelletizing iron ore fines is an important operation unit for producing high quality of raw materials for the subsequent reduction processes such as blast furnace or direct reduction. The process essentially involves production of green pellets and induration on a traveling grate furnace to promote inner partial melt and agglomeration that confers adequate physical and metallurgical properties. This work focuses on the phenomena that occur in the firing step aiming the construction of a mathematical model that describes each phase and chemical species. The model was formulated based on transport equations able to predict the evolution of the temperature profile inside the pellet for each zone on the induration furnace. It was taken into account coupled phenomena of momentum, energy and mass transfer between gas and particles within the agglomerates. The finite volume method was used to discretize the transport equations of momentum, mass and energy describing the behavior of a pellet in an industrial traveling grate furnace. Model results are shown for the temperature profile along the pellet radius during the residence time inside the furnace. In this context, in the present work i a tool was developed to optimize the thermal profile in the induration furnace and hence control the mechanical strength of the agglomerate. © 2013 Brazilian metallurgical, Materials and Mining Association.

关键词： Pelletizing

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Model predictions of PCDD and PCDF emissions on the iron ore sintering process based on alternative gaseous fuels

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Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2013年第4期2卷 323-331页

作者： De Castro, Jose Adilson Pereira, Jorge Luiz Guilherme, Vagner Silva Da Rocha, Elisa Pinto França, Alexandre Bôscaro Post-Graduation Program of Metallurgical Engineering Universidade Federal Fluminense Volta Redonda RJ Brazil Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei Ouro Branco MG Brazil

The technology of fuel gas utilization on the iron ore sintering process has been proposed as an alternative for reducing the environmental load and improvements on the sinter quality have been obtained with additiona... 详细信息

关键词： Gas emissions

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Analysis of synthetic natural gas injection into charcoal blast furnace

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Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2013年第3期2卷 255-262页

作者： Rocha, Elisa Pinto Da Guilherme, Vagner Silva De Castro, José Adilson Sazaki, Yasushi Yagi, Jun-Ichiro Post-Graduation Program in Metallurgical Engineering Universidade Federal Fluminense Volta Redonda RJ Brazil Environmental Metallurgy Laboratory Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Korea Republic of Tohoku University Sendai Japan

Recently, the synthetic natural gas (SNG) has been available for large consumers in the Brazilian domestic market. The SNG is a suitable fuel with potential use to several processes and facilities of the steel industry. This paper investigates the injection of SNG into charcoal blast furnaces as a substitute for granular charcoal charged from the top and pulverized charcoal injections with potential increase of productivity and decrease of specific CO2 emissions. In order to study the effect of replacement of granular charcoal and injection of pulverized charcoal the well known Blast Furnace Five Fluid Model (BF-FFM) is applied to describe detailed phenomena within the process. This model treats the blast furnace as a five-phase reactor, accounting for gas, lump solids (raw iron ore, sinter, pellets and granular charcoal), hot metal, pulverized charcoal, and molten slag. The model is based on conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and chemical species numerically solved based on the finite volume method (FVM). The SNG has high amount of H2 and strongly affects the inner conditions of the reactor and only a comprehensive model with detailed chemical reaction rates can properly predict the inner parameters of the process and hence furnish useful information to design smooth operational conditions. The simulation results obtained in this study indicated that smooth operations using SNG up to 25 N m3/t of pig iron could be achieved simultaneously by increasing the productivity up to 58% and with a decrease of 40 kg/thm on the granular charcoal charged. © 2013 Brazilian metallurgical, Materials and Mining Association.

关键词： Steelmaking

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Geostatistical simulation with heterotopic soft data without the lmc 39th

Geostatistical simulation with heterotopic soft data without...

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39th International symposium on Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry, APCOM 2019

作者： Araújo, C.P. Bassani, M.A.A. Costa, J.F.C.L. PPGE3M-Post-Graduation Program in Mining Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRio Grande do Sul Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780367336042

To integrate the multiple variables, traditional methodologies suggest modelling the cross variograms and co-simulation using the Linear Model of Coregionalization (LMC), that is difficult task. This framework combines two approaches: Bayesian Updating and Sequential Gaussian Simulation considering all information regarding the relationship of the multiple variables without modelling the LMC. Firstly, at each soft data location, hard and soft data were incorporated using Bayesian Updating, which considers multivariate correlations between variables, to build a conditional distribution. Secondly, n-possible values are drawn from these conditional distributions and imputed as hard data. Next, Sequential Gaussian Simulation was performed to complete all the grid nodes using the original and pre-viously simulated hard data. The simulated models were compared with the models obtained by Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) using only the original hard data. The results show the soft data addition improve the accuracy of the models once an appropriate methodology is used to incorporate them. © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Gaussian distribution

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Influence of drilling spacing on the mineral resources uncertainty 39th

Influence of drilling spacing on the mineral resources uncer...

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39th International symposium on Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry, APCOM 2019

作者： Silva, C.J.E. Bassani, M.A.A. Costa, J.F.C.L. PPGE3M-Post-Graduation Program in Mining Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRio Grande do Sul Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780367336042

Rock cores from drilling works in mineral research activities are the main ore modeling information and consume most of the budget. Data spacing should be optimized to reduce uncertainties in the geologic model and mineral resource inventory. This paper investigates how the uncertainty of the mineral resources is influenced by distinct data spacings through a case study on a bauxite mineralization in Brazilian Amazon plateau. The results showed that the uncertainty of the mineral resource decreases as the data spacing decreases. Depending on an acceptable uncertainty level, wider data spacings may be selected. This optimal drilling data spacing may be defined using the uncertainty in the mineral resource estimation, which is demonstrated in this case study. © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Budget control

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Progressive fatigue damage modeling of composite curved structures used in offloading hoses 17

Progressive fatigue damage modeling of composite curved stru...

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17th European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM 2016

作者： Tonatto, Maikson L. P. Forte, Maria M. C. Tita, Volnei Amico, Sandro C. Post-Graduation Program in Mining Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil Department of Aeronautical Engineering University of São Paulo São CarlosSP Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783000533877

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) have been used for manufacturing curved structures, which are applied in several equipment due to its high specific stiffness and strength. Recently, improvements in pultrusion and filament winding process allow the use of curved profile to manufacture coil and rings in equipment such as offloading hoses. In this research, a progressive fatigue damage modeling is proposed in order to simulate the fatigue behavior of unidirectional curved structure made of carbon fiber composite materials. In fact, a three-dimensional, non-linear, finite element model considering a central section of the hose was developed to simulate curved composites like coils and rings. A radial compressive displacement was applied in opposite direction to the fixed region. Kinetic theory of fracture (KTF) was used into the model to simulate the progressive fatigue damage. The failure analysis was carried out using the Multi-Continuum Theory (MTC). Using the proposed procedure, coils and rings fatigue life could be estimated. Therefore, this progressive fatigue damage modeling is an effective tool to predict failure in unidirectional curved composite structures used in offloading hose under fatigue. © 2016, European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM. All rights reserved.

关键词： Finite element method

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Surface treatment of Kevlar® polyaramid fibers with imidazolium-based ionic liquids 11

Surface treatment of Kevlar® polyaramid fibers with imidazo...

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11th Annual TechConnect World Innovation Conference and Expo, Held Jointly with the 20th Annual Nanotech Conference and Expo, and the 2017 National SBIR/STTR Conference

作者： Moraes, C. Schrekker, H.S. Amico, S.C. Post-Graduation Program in Mining Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780997511789

Polyaramid fibers have excellent mechanical properties, such as high tensile strength-to-weight ratio and high thermal stability, but its applicability as reinforcement for composite materials is limited due to its high crystallinity and inert and smooth surface. In this work, an imidazolium-based ionic liquid (l-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) was used to treat Kevlar polyaramid fibers with the aim of improving Kevlar and epoxy resin interaction. The fibers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile strength tests were carried out to verify loss of mechanical properties caused by the treatment. Contact angle measurements and pull-out tests verified an improvement of the wettability and adhesion between the fibers and epoxy resin. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was improved by 37% and the contact angle was decreased from 35° to 22.

关键词： Epoxy resins

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Experimental analysis of jet slurry erosion on martensitic stainless steel 9

Experimental analysis of jet slurry erosion on martensitic s...

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9th International Scientific Conference on Research and Development of Mechanical Elements and Systems, IRMES 2019

作者： Santacruz, G. Takimi, A.S. Vannucchide Camargo, F. Bergmann, C.P. Post-Graduation Program in Mining Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul-UFRGS Osvaldo Aranha 99 Porto AlegreRS 90035-190 Brazil Department of Industrial Engineering University of Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 2 Bologna40136 Italy

Due to their enhanced tribological properties that contribute to an increased useful life of components, martensitic stainless steels are an excellent option for industrial applications such as hydroelectric, petrochemical, civil construction and mineral processing plants. In the present investigation, the erosive wear of AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel is evaluated after thermal treatment by quenching and tempering by mass loss, under erosive attack at 30° and 90° incidence angles, using a self-made jet slurry erosion equipment controlling parameters such as speed, volume of fluid, temperature and concentration of erosive particles of erodent. The characterization of the eroded samples was carried out in terms of the microstructure (SEM) and microhardness as well as the particle size distribution (LG) and morphology of the erodent. It was possible to establish the relationship between the slurry erosive wear and the physical properties inherent of stainless steel for this particular experimental configuration, concluding that the steel presents better resistance to jet slurry erosion wear when compared to austenitic steel commonly used in the industry. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Erosion

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The Effect of Adding Ni and Sn to Pd Catalysts on the Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell Performance

The Effect of Adding Ni and Sn to Pd Catalysts on the Direct...

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2014 International Conference on Energy, Environment and Materials engineering(EEME 2014)

作者： A.M.SHEIKH E.L.SILVA P.S.CORREA T.L.MENEZES C.F.MALFATTI Department of Mechanical Engineering South Valley University Corrosion Research Laboratory (LAPEC) Post-graduation Program in MiningMetallurgical and Materials Engineering Faculdade da Serra Gaúcha – FSG

Direct ethanol fuel cells DEFCs can convert chemical energy from ethanol electrooxidation directly to *** significant challenge for DEFC is the need for highly active surface catalysts for ethanol oxidation reaction *** this work,the impregnation-reduction method is used to synthesize binary Pd Ni and Pd Sn catalysts supported on functionalized carbon（Vulcan XC-72） with HNO to accelerate the EOR in alkaline electrolyte.X-ray diffraction XRD,cyclic voltammetry CV,and chronoamperometry CA tests were undertaken to characterize the structure and to evaluate the electrochemical performance of different *** was observed that Pd-Sn catalyst has achieved good alloying results enhancing the EOR activity;however the addition of Ni to Pd was even higher though synthesizing Pd and Ni has not proved strong alloying,and the best results were observed for the PdNi/C catalyst.

关键词： DEFC Ethanol oxidation Alkaline medium Pd catalyst

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A Methodology for Obtaining and Validating Parameters for Surface Repairs Using the Pulsed Gmaw Process

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Muñoz Chávez, Jairo José de Souza Lira, Margareth Nascimento Bestard, Guillermo Alvarez da Cruz Payão Filho, João Alfaro, Sadek Crisostomo Absi Post-Graduation Program in Mechatronics Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Brasilia CEP 70.910-900 Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Laboratory of Welding Technology Rio de Janeiro RJ Ilha do FundãoCEP 21941-972 Brazil

This study aims to develop a methodology for obtaining and validating surface parameters using the pulsed GMAW process, capable of producing a weld with appropriate geometric properties as a response. For this purpose, profiling was used as a capture tool together with stability analysis algorithms and metallic transfer criteria. The Fast Fourier Transform was used to analyze the intensity of electric current and voltage oscillogram for the delimitation of the most efficient pulse, detachment characteristics, and drop frequency in each analyzed parameter. In parallel, mathematical modelling of the overlapping of welding beads and volume filling simulation was carried out to obtain a repair methodology of satisfactory quality. Such strategies defined a working window with a voltage between 22 V and 28 V and an intensity of electric current between 190 A and 220 A. For the analyzed material, the best response values were at the base intensity of electric current of 80 A, base time of 1.47 ms, drop separator intensity of electric current of 110 A, drop separator time of 0.5 ms, the peak intensity of electric current of 375 A and peak time of 2.2 ms, corresponding to a working frequency of 240 Hz. With this work methodology, using signal analysis and profiling filming, it is possible to adapt the choice of process parameters to any material with energy and cost savings. These techniques are highly efficient and low-cost. In addition, the GMAW-P transfer mode allows quality work with the intensity of electric current values lower than conventional GMAW. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Drops

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