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Blue micro-LED with a red/green blended polymer film for 3.5-Gbps visible light communication employing adaptive SNR-Flattening Algorithm

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Next Nanotechnology

Next Nanotechnology 2024年 5卷

作者： Ho, Pin-Wei Cheng, Chih-Hsien Liao, Yu-Sheng Chi, Yu-Chieh Sadhu, Annada Sankar Matsumoto, Atsushi Akahane, Kouichi Chen, Li-Yin Kuo, Hao-Chung Lin, Gong-Ru Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 106319 Taiwan National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Koganei Tokyo 184-8795 Japan SANWAY OPTOELECTRONICS TECH. CORP New Taipei City 235601 Taiwan Department of Photonics Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Photonics (UST) College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Semiconductor Research Center Hon Hai Research Institute Taipei 11492 Taiwan NTU-Tektronix Joint Research Center Tektronix Inc. and National Taiwan University Taipei 106319 Taiwan

By the semipolar blue single GaN μ-LED and blended Ir(piq)2(acac) + CC-MP5 polymer thin film color converter, a high-speed white-light μ-LED-based system is built up for the applications of short-distance VLC. The characteristics and properties of both devices are analyzed to understand the requirements for transmission and illumination. By selecting the growing orient, the influence of QCSE is reduced in this GaN μ-LED. Meanwhile, possessing the low reflection characteristic, it is beneficial for signal modulation. For the polymer thin film color converter with a lifetime of 7.8 ns, low surface reflection and high conversion efficiency are thought of good properties. Color-converted cool white light has a CCT of around 7000 K and high color accuracy with a CRI of about 90. The APD-combined frequency responses of the GaN μ-LED and GaN μ-LED + polymer are measured as 750 MHz and 600 MHz, respectively. After the optimization by utilizing the adaptive SNR-flattening pre-emphasis algorithm, the transmission performance of the white-light μ-LED is significantly promoted. For NRZ-OOK encoding, a 1.4 Gbps 0.15-m free-space transmission is achieved with a rising time of 656.33 ps, a falling time of 493.32 ps, and a Q-factor of 4.75. Besides, in more advanced data formats, the performance of this white-light μ-LED can be better highlighted. For the same 0.15-m free-space VLC, a high-speed 3 Gbps broadband 8-QAM-OFDM transmission is fulfilled with an EVM of 23.9%, an average SNR of 12.5, and a BER below 3.8 × 10^-3;while to the best of our knowledge, a record 3.5 Gbps BL-DMT transmission is implemented as well. This white-light μ-LED can also be integrated into large-scale arrays for multi-functional VLC applications. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Adaptive SNR-Flattening algorithm Blue micro-LED Red/Green blended polymer Visible light communication

Reinforcement Learning-Based Edge Caching for IoT in Compute-First Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Asmat, Hamid Din, Ikram Ud Almogren, Ahmad Rodrigues, Joel J. P. C. Department of Information Technology University of Haripur Haripur22620 Pakistan King Saud University College of Computer and Information Sciences Chair of Cyber Security Department of Computer Science Riyadh11633 Saudi Arabia Post-graduation Program in Electrical Engineering Teresina Brazil

6G networks require ultra-low latency and intelligent resource management in IoT environments. Compute-First Networking (CFN), integrating distributed computing and edge caching, addresses backhaul congestion. This paper proposes CaRL, a DRL-based caching framework using TD3 algorithm. CaRL optimizes cache placement at edge nodes by incorporating real-time network state, content popularity, and resource utilization. Simulations show CaRL improves cache hit ratio, reduces latency, and enhances bandwidth efficiency, and ensures secure caching decisions under dynamic network conditions. Unlike existing methods, CaRL adapts to dynamic network conditions by integrating latency, CPU, and memory metrics, demonstrating scalability and adaptability in CFN-driven 6G environments. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Edge computing

AVTENet: Audio-Visual Transformer-based Ensemble Network Exploiting Multiple Experts for Video Deepfake Detection

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Hashmi, Ammarah Shahzad, Sahibzada Adil Lin, Chia-Wen Tsao, Yu Wang, Hsin-Min The Social Networks and Human-Centered Computing Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan The Institute of Information Systems and Applications National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan The Department of Computer Science National Chengchi University Taipei11605 Taiwan The Department of Electrical Engineering The Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan The Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan The Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan

Forged content shared widely on social media platforms is a major social problem that requires increased regulation and poses new challenges to the research community. The recent proliferation of hyper-realistic deepfake videos has drawn attention to the threat of audio and visual forgeries. Most previous work on detecting AI-generated fake videos only utilizes visual modality or audio modality. While there are some methods in the literature that exploit audio and visual modalities to detect forged videos, they have not been comprehensively evaluated on multi-modal datasets of deepfake videos involving acoustic and visual manipulations. Moreover, these existing methods are mostly based on CNN and suffer from low detection accuracy. Inspired by the recent success of Transformer in various fields, to address the challenges posed by deepfake technology, in this paper, we propose an Audio-Visual Transformer-based Ensemble Network (AVTENet) framework that considers both acoustic manipulation and visual manipulation to achieve effective video forgery detection. Specifically, the proposed model integrates several purely transformer-based variants that capture video, audio, and audio-visual salient cues to reach a consensus in prediction. For evaluation, we use the recently released benchmark multi-modal audio-video FakeAVCeleb dataset. For a detailed analysis, we evaluate AVTENet, its variants, and several existing methods on multiple test sets of the FakeAVCeleb dataset. Experimental results show that our best model outperforms all existing methods and achieves state-of-the-art performance on Testset-I and Testset-II of the FakeAVCeleb dataset. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Statistical tests

CONVERGENCE SPEED AND APPROXIMATION ACCURACY OF NUMERICAL MCMC

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Cui, Tiangang Dong, Jing Jasra, Ajay Tong, Xin T. School of Mathematics Monash University Australia Graduate School of Business Columbia University United States Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program Computer Electrical Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore Singapore

When implementing Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, perturbation caused by numerical errors is sometimes inevitable. This paper studies how perturbation of MCMC affects the convergence speed and Monte Carlo estimation accuracy. Our results show that when the original Markov chain converges to stationarity fast enough and the perturbed transition kernel is a good approximation to the original transition kernel, the corresponding perturbed sampler has similar convergence speed and high approximation accuracy as well. We discuss two different analysis frameworks: ergodicity and spectral gap, both are widely used in the literature. Our results can be easily extended to obtain non-asymptotic error bounds for MCMC estimators. We also demonstrate how to apply our convergence and approximation results to the analysis of specific sampling algorithms, including Random walk Metropolis and Metropolis adjusted Langevin algorithm with perturbed target densities, and parallel tempering Monte Carlo with perturbed densities. Finally we present some simple numerical examples to verify our theoretical claims. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Inverse problems

Ensemble ranking: An aggregation of multiple multicriteria methods and scenarios and its application to power generation planning

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Decision Analytics Journal 2024年 10卷

作者： Alves, Marcos Antonio Oliveira, Bruno Alberto Soares Guimarães, Frederico Gadelha Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 MG Belo Horizonte 31270-901 Brazil FITec - Technological Innovations Av. Cristóvão Colombo 485 Funcionários MG Belo Horizonte 30140-150 Brazil Department of Computer Science Rua Reitor Píres Albuquerque ICEx MG Belo Horizonte 31270-901 Brazil

Evaluating maintenance plans for power generation is a critical task managed by the National System Operator, as it is directly related to criteria such as operational cost, rationing, and availability of natural resources. This study identifies the most suitable maintenance schedule between uncertainties related to solution ranking methods and future scenarios. We investigated the performance of various multicriteria decision-making methods, including the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), TODIM ((an acronym in Portuguese for Interactive Multicriteria decision-making), Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR), and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product ASsessment (WASPAS), in prioritizing maintenance plans across three scenarios. These included a scenario derived from an energy generation problem and two others based on variations in hydrology and energy demand parameters. The results analyze and discuss the similarities and differences in the rankings. Due to the lack of consensus among the methods regarding the optimal maintenance plan, we propose an ensemble ranking that considers an important factor for both the method and the scenario. The solution from the ensemble ranking, compared to the lowest-cost solution obtained in the optimization process, showed a slight cost increase of 0.32% and a 9.34% deviation from the base maintenance plan, yet it can deal with different uncertainties. The findings of this study can provide useful and robust information to energy stakeholders and serve as a reference for energy policy. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Generation maintenance scheduling problems Hydrothermal dispatch Multicriteria decision-making Power generation planning Robust decision-making Uncertainty scenarios

Economics of Semantic Communication System: An Auction Approach

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Liew, Zi Qin Du, Hongyang Yang, Wei Lim, Bryan Xiong, Zehui Niyato, Dusit Miao, Chunyan Kim, Dong In Alibaba-NTU Singapore Joint Research Institute Nanyang Technological Univerity Singapore The School of Computer Science and Engineering The Energy Research Institute NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore The Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore The School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore The School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

Semantic communication technologies enable wireless edge devices to communicate effectively by transmitting semantic meaning of data. Edge components, such as vehicles in next-generation intelligent transport systems, use well-trained semantic models to encode and decode semantic information extracted from raw and sensor data. However, the limitation in computing resources makes it difficult to support the training process of accurate semantic models on edge devices. As such, edge devices can buy the pretrained semantic models from semantic model providers, which is called "semantic model trading". Upon collecting semantic information with the semantic models, the edge devices can then sell the extracted semantic information, e.g., information about urban road conditions or traffic signs, to the interested buyers for profit, which is called "semantic information trading". To facilitate both types of the trades, effective incentive mechanisms should be designed. Thus, in this paper, we propose a hierarchical trading system to support both semantic model trading and semantic information trading jointly. The proposed incentive mechanism helps to maximize the revenue of semantic model providers in the semantic model trading, and effectively incentivizes model providers to participate in the development of semantic communication systems. For semantic information trading, our designed auction approach can support the trading between multiple semantic information sellers and buyers, while ensuring individual rationality, incentive compatibility, and budget balance, and moreover, allowing them achieve higher utilities than the baseline method. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Commerce

Spatially-varying microscope calibration from unstructured sparse inputs

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Spatially-varying microscope calibration from unstructured s...

Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging, COSI 2020 - Part of Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2020

作者： Kuo, Grace Monakhova, Kristina Yanny, Kyrollos Ng, Ren Waller, Laura Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States UCB/UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States

We propose a method based on blind deconvolution to calibrate the spatially-varying point spread functions of a coded-aperture microscope system. From easy-to-acquire measurements of unstructured fluorescent beads, we... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Optical transfer function

Multiplexed Serial Imaging of Immunotherapy Response with Serrs Nanoprobes

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Multiplexed Serial Imaging of Immunotherapy Response with Se...

IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Naxhije Berisha Konstantinos Plakas Matthieu Gigoux Taha Merghoub Chrysafis Andreou Hunter College of the City University of New York New York NY USA PhD Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York NY USA Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo The State University of New York Buffalo NY USA Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (数字)9798350313338

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313345

With the advent of new and promising cancer therapies, and with increased interest in precision medicine, there is an urgent need to develop non-invasive technologies that evaluate heterogeneity in treatment response. We demonstrate an 8-plex imaging platform based on surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanoparticles (SERRS NPs) to monitor the expression of 4 immunomarkers before and after treatment with checkpoint blockade therapy with anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies in immunotherapy models of colon (CT26) and breast (4T1) cancers. We found that CT26 tumors showed an early treatment response, while the typically refractory 4T1 tumors demonstrated an unexpected treatment response, suggesting that the nanoparticles may have synergistically contributed to the treatment. Serial imaging of multiple markers during therapy can help predict treatment efficacy and uncover new theranostic adjuvants.

关键词： Nanoparticles Multiplexing Precision medicine Raman scattering Immunotherapy Resonance Surface treatment

Optimal targeted advertising strategy for secure wireless edge metaverse

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Du, Hongyang Niyato, Dusit Kang, Jiawen Kim, Dong In Miao, Chunyan The School of Computer Science and Engineering The Energy Research Institute NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore The School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore The School of of Automation Guangdong University of Technology China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

Recently, Metaverse has attracted increasing attention from both industry and academia, because of the significant potential to integrate real and digital worlds ever more seamlessly. By combining advanced wireless communications, edge computing and virtual reality (VR) technologies into Metaverse, a multidimensional, intelligent and powerful wireless edge Metaverse is created for future human society. In this paper, we design a privacy preserving targeted advertising strategy for the wireless edge Metaverse. Specifically, a Metaverse service provider (MSP) allocates bandwidth to the VR users so that the users can access Metaverse from edge access points. To protect users’ privacy, the covert communication technique is used in the downlink. Then, the MSP can offer high-quality access services to earn more profits. Motivated by the concept of "covert", targeted advertising is used to promote the sale of bandwidth and ensure that the advertising strategy cannot be detected by competitors who may make counter-offer and by attackers who want to disrupt the services. We derive the best advertising strategy in terms of budget input, with the help of the Vidale-Wolfe model and Hamiltonian function. Furthermore, we propose a novel metric named Meta-Immersion to represent the user’s experience feelings. The performance evaluation shows that the MSP can boost its revenue with an optimal targeted advertising strategy, especially compared with that without the advertising. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Bandwidth