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Quasiparticle Poisoning of Superconducting Qubits from Resonant Absorption of Pair-Breaking Photons

Physical Review Letters 2024年第1期132卷 017001-017001页

作者： C. H. Liu D. C. Harrison S. Patel C. D. Wilen O. Rafferty A. Shearrow A. Ballard V. Iaia J. Ku B. L. T. Plourde R. McDermott Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Department of Physics Syracuse University Syracuse New York 13244 USA

The ideal superconductor provides a pristine environment for the delicate states of a quantum computer: because there is an energy gap to excitations, there are no spurious modes with which the qubits can interact, causing irreversible decay of the quantum state. As a practical matter, however, there exists a high density of excitations out of the superconducting ground state even at ultralow temperature; these are known as quasiparticles. Observed quasiparticle densities are of order 1 μm−3, tens of orders of magnitude greater than the equilibrium density expected from theory. Nonequilibrium quasiparticles extract energy from the qubit mode and can induce dephasing. Here we show that a dominant mechanism for quasiparticle poisoning is direct absorption of high-energy photons at the qubit junction. We use a Josephson junction-based photon source to controllably dose qubit circuits with millimeter-wave radiation, and we use an interferometric quantum gate sequence to reconstruct the charge parity of the qubit. We find that the structure of the qubit itself acts as a resonant antenna for millimeter-wave radiation, providing an efficient path for photons to generate quasiparticles. A deep understanding of this physics will pave the way to realization of next-generation superconducting qubits that are robust against quasiparticle poisoning.

关键词： Cooper pairs Superconducting RF Superconducting gap Superconducting devices Superconducting qubits RF, microwave, & terahertz sources

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Modeling phonon-mediated quasiparticle poisoning in superconducting qubit arrays

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Physical Review B 2024年第2期110卷 024519-024519页

作者： E. Yelton C. P. Larson V. Iaia K. Dodge G. La Magna P. G. Baity I. V. Pechenezhskiy R. McDermott N. A. Kurinsky G. Catelani B. L. T. Plourde Department of Physics Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program Department of Physics Institute for Quantum Information (PGI-11) Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany Quantum Research Center Computational Science Initiative Menlo Park California 94025 USA

Correlated errors caused by ionizing radiation impacting superconducting qubit chips are problematic for quantum error correction. Such impacts generate quasiparticle (QP) excitations in the qubit electrodes, which temporarily reduce qubit coherence significantly. The many energetic phonons produced by a particle impact travel efficiently throughout the device substrate and generate quasiparticles with high probability, thus causing errors on a large fraction of the qubits in an array simultaneously. We describe a comprehensive strategy for the numerical simulation of the phonon and quasiparticle dynamics in the aftermath of an impact. We compare the simulations with experimental measurements of phonon-mediated QP poisoning and demonstrate that our modeling captures the spatial and temporal footprint of the QP poisoning for various configurations of phonon down-conversion structures. We thus present a path forward for the operation of superconducting quantum processors in the presence of ionizing radiation.

关键词： Phonons Quantum circuits Quantum engineering Quantum information with solid state qubits Quasiparticles & collective excitations Superconducting devices Superconducting qubits

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The Fermi-LAT Light Curve Repository: A resource for the time-domain and multi-messenger communities 38

The Fermi-LAT Light Curve Repository: A resource for the tim...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Valverde, Janeth Kocevski, D. Negro, M. Garrappa, S. Brill, A. Department of Physics Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD21250 United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States NASA Marshall Space Flight Center HuntsvilleAL35812 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot76100 Israel NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow United States

For over 15 years the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) has been monitoring the entire high-energy gamma-ray sky, providing the best sampled 0.1 – > 1 TeV photons to this day. As a result, the Fermi-LAT has been serving the time-domain and multi-messenger community as the main source of gamma-ray activity alerts. All of this makes the Fermi-LAT a key instrument towards understanding the underlying physics behind the most extreme objects in the universe. However, generating mission-long LAT light curves can be very computationally expensive. The Fermi-LAT light curve repository (LCR) tackles this issue. The LCR is a public library of gamma-ray light curves for 1525 Fermi-LAT sources deemed variable in the 4FGL-DR2 catalog. The repository consists of light curves on timescales of days, weeks, and months, generated through a full-likelihood unbinned analysis of the source and surrounding region, providing flux and photon index measurements for each time interval. Hosted at NASA’s FSSC, the library provides users with access to this continually updated light curve data, further serving as a resource to the time-domain and multi-messenger communities. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Some entanglement survives most measurements

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Physical Review A 2024年第2期109卷 022233-022233页

作者： Alvin Gonzales Daniel Dilley Mark Byrd Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Avenue Lemont Illinois 60439 USA School of Computing Southern Illinois University Carbondale Carbondale Illinois 62901 USA School of Physics and Applied Physics Southern Illinois University Carbondale Carbondale Illinois 62901 USA

To prepare quantum states and extract information, it is often assumed that one can perform a perfectly projective measurement. Such measurements can achieve an uncorrelated system and environment state. However, perfectly projective measurements can be difficult or impossible to perform in practice. We investigate the limitations of repeated nonprojective measurements in preparing a quantum system. For an n-qubit system initially entangled with its environment and subsequently prepared with measurements, using a sequence of weak measurements, we show that some entanglement remains unless one of the measurement operators becomes perfectly projective through an extreme limiting process. Removing initial (unentangled) correlations between a system and its environment and the scenario where measurement outcomes are not tracked are also discussed. We present results for n-qubit and n-dimensional input states.

关键词： Quantum correlations in quantum information Quantum measurements Quantum-to-classical transition

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arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yelton, E. Larson, C.P. Dodge, K. Okubo, K. Plourde, B.L.T. Department of Physics Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244-1130 United States Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program Department of Physics Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244-1130 United States Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States

Throughout multiple cooldowns we observe a power-law reduction in time for the rate of multi-qubit correlated poisoning events, while the rate of shifts in qubit offset-charge remains constant;evidence of a non-ionizing source of pair-breaking phonon bursts for superconducting qubits. We investigate different types of sample packaging, some of which are sensitive to mechanical impacts from the cryocooler pulse tube. One possible source of these events comes from relaxation of thermally-induced stresses from differential thermal contraction between the device layer and substrate. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phonons

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programmable multimode squeezed light at visible wavelengths with >400 modes

Programmable multimode squeezed light at visible wavelengths...

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CLEO: Fundamental Science, CLEO:FS 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： Presutti, Federico Wright, Logan G. Ma, Shi-Yuan Wang, Tianyu Malia, Benjamin K. Onodera, Tatsuhiro McMahon, Peter L. School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University 142 Sciences Dr IthacaNY14850 United States NTT Physics and Informatics Laboratories NTT Research Inc. 940 Stewart Dr SunnyvaleCA94085 United States Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program 142 Sciences Dr IthacaNY14850 United States Kavli Institute Cornell for Nanoscale Science Cornell University 245 Feeney Way IthacaNY14850 United States

We demonstrate a source of highly multimode, high gain vacuum squeezed light, and demonstrate how ultra-broadband frequency conversion enables the use of visible-light detector arrays and programmable frequency-domain... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Squeezed light

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The interface of gravity and dark energy

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lackeos, Kristen Lieu, Richard Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn53121 Germany NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow NASA Marshall Space Flight Center HuntsvilleAL35812 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Alabama HuntsvilleAL35899 United States

At sufficiently large radii dark energy modifies the behavior of (a) bound orbits around a galaxy and (b) virialized gas in a cluster of galaxies. Dark energy also provides a natural cutoff to a cluster’s dark matter halo. In (a) there exists a maximum circular orbit beyond which periodic motion is no longer possible, and orbital evolution near critical binding is analytically calculable using an adiabatic invariant integral. The finding implicates the study of wide galaxy pairs. In (b), dark energy necessitates the use of a generalized Virial Theorem to describe gas at the outskirts of a cluster. When coupled to the baryonic escape condition, aided by dark energy, the results is a radius beyond which the continued establishment of a hydrostatic halo of thermalized baryons is untenable. This leads to a theoretically motivated virial radius. We use this theory to probe the structure of a cluster’s baryonic halo and apply it to X-ray and weak-lensing data collected on cluster Abell 1835. We find that gas in its outskirts deviates significantly from hydrostatic equilibrium beginning at ∼ 1.3 Mpc, the ‘inner’ virial radius. We also define a model dependent dark matter halo cutoff radius to A1835. The dark matter cutoff gives an upper limit to the cluster’s total mass of ∼ 7×1015M☉. Moreover, it is possible to derive an ‘outer’ hydrostatic equilibrium cutoff radius given a dark matter cutoff radius. A region of cluster gas transport and turbulence occurs between the inner and outer cutoff radii. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Galaxies

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Quasiparticle poisoning of superconducting qubits with active gamma irradiation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Larson, C.P. Yelton, E. Dodge, K. Okubo, K. Batarekh, J. Iaia, V. Kurinsky, N.A. Plourde, B.L.T. Department of Physics Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244-1130 United States Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program Department of Physics Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244-1130 United States Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94025 United States

When a high-energy particle, such as a γ-ray or muon, impacts the substrate of a superconducting qubit chip, large numbers of electron-hole pairs and phonons are created. The ensuing dynamics of the electrons and holes changes the local offset-charge environment for qubits near the impact site. The phonons that are produced have energy above the superconducting gap in the films that compose the qubits, leading to quasiparticle excitations above the superconducting ground state when the phonons impinge on the qubit electrodes. An elevated density of quasiparticles degrades qubit coherence, leading to errors in qubit arrays. Because these pair-breaking phonons spread throughout much of the chip, the errors can be correlated across a large portion of the array, posing a significant challenge for quantum error correction. In order to study the dynamics of γ-ray impacts on superconducting qubit arrays, we use a γ-ray source outside the dilution refrigerator to controllably irradiate our devices. By using charge-sensitive transmon qubits, we can measure both the offset-charge shifts and quasiparticle poisoning due to the γ irradiation at different doses. We study correlations between offset-charge shifts and quasiparticle poisoning for different qubits in the array and compare this with numerical modeling of charge and phonon dynamics following a γ-ray impact. We thus characterize the poisoning footprint of these impacts and quantify the performance of structures for mitigating phonon-mediated quasiparticle poisoning. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gamma rays

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A-STEP for AstroPix: Development and Test of a space-based payload using novel pixelated silicon for gamma-ray measurement 38

A-STEP for AstroPix: Development and Test of a space-based p...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Steinhebel, Amanda L. Striebig, Nicolas Jadhav, Manoj Violette, Daniel Durachka, David Boggs, Ryan Seo, Lindsey Hesh, Scott Suda, Yusuke Shin, Taylor K.-W. Metzler, Zachary Kierans, Carolyn Caputo, Regina Tajima, Hiroyasu Fukazawa, Yasushi Leys, Richard Peric, Ivan Metcalfe, Jessica Perkins, Jeremy S. NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD United States University of Maryland College ParkMD United States Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Institute for Space-Environment Research Nagoya University Aichi Nagoya Japan NASA Wallops Flight Facility Wallops IslandVA United States University of Califormia Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA United States

Next-generation medium-energy gamma-ray instruments sensitive from 25 keV to 1 GeV must be able to measure and reconstruct incident photons in the photoabsorption, Compton, and pair-production regimes. Such robust functionality requires a tracker with high resolution, low noise, and low power. The monolithic CMOS active pixel silicon sensor AstroPix is a novel mission-enabling technology. AstroPix will provide the energy- and angular-resolution required of a medium-energy gamma-ray telescope while reducing noise with the dual detection-and-readout capabilities of an HVCMOS chip. Plans for A-STEP, a funded Astropix Sounding rocket Technology dEmonstration Payload, will be presented. This roughly 2U-sized payload will include three layers of AstroPix quad-chips for cosmic ray and gamma ray detection and tracking. This technology demonstration mission also strengthens the design readiness of AMEGO-X, an MIDEX-sized MeV telescope mission concept. Additional supplementary development and testing of the AstroPix project will also be considered, including A-STEP simulation efforts for environment and detector response modeling. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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The path toward 500 um depletion of AstroPix, a pixelated silicon HVCMOS sensor for space and EIC

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Steinhebel, Amanda L. Ott, Jennifer Kroger, Olivia Caputo, Regina Fadeyev, Vitaliy Affolder, Anthony Affolder, Kirsten Deshmukh, Aware Striebig, Nicolas Jadhav, Manoj Suda, Yusuke Fukazawa, Yasushi Metcalfe, Jessica Leys, Richard Peric, Ivan Shin, Taylor K.-W. Violette, Daniel NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States University of California Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA United States Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan

The precise reconstruction of Compton-scatter events is paramount for an imaging medium-energy gamma-ray telescope. The proposed AMEGO-X is enabled by a silicon tracker utilizing AstroPix chips - a pixelated silicon HVCMOS sensor novel for space use. To achieve science goals, each 500 × 500 µm2 pixel must be sensitive for energy deposits ranging from 25 - 700 keV with an energy resolution of 5 keV at 122 keV ( © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Gamma rays

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