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Work, the Brazilian Women, and the Teaching Profession: Some Notes

Creative Education 2015年第17期6卷 1883-1889页

作者： Tânia Antonelli Marcelino Brabo Rosane Michelli de Castro José Carlos Miguel Department of School Administration and Supervision The Program of Postgraduate on Education in the Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences Universidade Estadual Paulista Marília Brazil Department of Didactics The Program of Postgraduate on Education in the Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences Universidade Estadual Paulista Marília Brazil

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Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet 2020年第10258期396卷 1204-1222页

作者： Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Kaja M. Abbasi, Mohammad Abbasifard, Mitra Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd-Allah, Foad Abdelalim, Ahmed Abdollahi, Mohammad Abdollahpour, Ibrahim Abedi, Aidin Abedi, Parisa Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Aboyans, Victor Abrams, Elissa M. Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid Abualhasan, Ahmed Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. Acebedo, Alyssa Ackerman, Ilana N. Adabi, Maryam Adair, Tim Adamu, Abdu A. Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adekanmbi, Victor Adelson, Jaimie D. Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adham, Davoud Advani, Shailesh M. Afarideh, Mohsen Afshari, Mahdi Afshin, Ashkan Agardh, Emilie E. Agarwal, Gina Agasthi, Pradyumna Agesa, Kareha M. Aghaali, Mohammad Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Agrawal, Anurag Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Alireza Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Mehdi Ahmadieh, Hamid Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Aji, Budi Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Akinyemiju, Tomi Akombi, Blessing Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alam, Noore Alam, Samiah Alam, Tahiya Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Albertson, Samuel B. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alema, Niguse Meles Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta Alhabib, Khalid F. Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Muhammad Ali, Saqib Alicandro, Gianfranco Alijanzadeh, Mehran Alinia, Cyrus Alipour, Vahid Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alla, François Allebeck, Peter Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad Almasi, Ali Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Almasri, Nihad A. Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almulhim, Abdulaziz M. Alonso, Jordi Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alumran, Arwa Khalid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Amare, Bekalu Amini, Saeed Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Aminorroaya, Arya Amiri, Fatemeh Amit, Arianna Maever L. Amugsi, Dickson A. Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera Anbesu, Etsay Woldu Ancuceanu, Robert Anderl Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Social Determinants of Health Research Center Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Cairo University Cairo Egypt School of Pharmacy Tehran Iran The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran Iran Neuroscience Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Biostatistics Department Near East University Nicosia Cyprus Biostatistics and Health Informatics Madda Walabu University Bale Robe Ethiopia Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Department of Cardiology Dupuytren University Hospital Limoges France University of Limoges Limoges France Department of Pediatric Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Research Philippine Institute for Development Studies Quezon City Philippines Department of Healthcare Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom School of Laboratory Medicine and Science University College Hospital Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa School of Health Ardabil University of Medical Science Ardabil Iran Social Behavioral Research Branch National Institute of Health Bethesda MD United States Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC DC United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Seattle WA

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw value

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Author Correction: Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

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Nature communications 2021年第1期12卷 2483页

作者： Kimmo Eriksson Pontus Strimling Michele Gelfand Junhui Wu Jered Abernathy Charity S Akotia Alisher Aldashev Per A Andersson Giulia Andrighetto Adote Anum Gizem Arikan Zeynep Aycan Fatemeh Bagherian Davide Barrera Dana Basnight-Brown Birzhan Batkeyev Anabel Belaus Elizaveta Berezina Marie Björnstjerna Sheyla Blumen Paweł Boski Fouad Bou Zeineddine Inna Bovina Bui Thi Thu Huyen Juan-Camilo Cardenas Đorđe Čekrlija Hoon-Seok Choi Carlos C Contreras-Ibáñez Rui Costa-Lopes Mícheál de Barra Piyanjali de Zoysa Angela Dorrough Nikolay Dvoryanchikov Anja Eller Jan B Engelmann Hyun Euh Xia Fang Susann Fiedler Olivia A Foster-Gimbel Márta Fülöp Ragna B Gardarsdottir C M Hew D Gill Andreas Glöckner Sylvie Graf Ani Grigoryan Vladimir Gritskov Katarzyna Growiec Peter Halama Andree Hartanto Tim Hopthrow Martina Hřebíčková Dzintra Iliško Hirotaka Imada Hansika Kapoor Kerry Kawakami Narine Khachatryan Natalia Kharchenko Ninetta Khoury Toko Kiyonari Michal Kohút Lê Thuỳ Linh Lisa M Leslie Yang Li Norman P Li Zhuo Li Kadi Liik Angela T Maitner Bernardo Manhique Harry Manley Imed Medhioub Sari Mentser Linda Mohammed Pegah Nejat Orlando Nipassa Ravit Nussinson Nneoma G Onyedire Ike E Onyishi Seniha Özden Penny Panagiotopoulou Lorena R Perez-Floriano Minna S Persson Mpho Pheko Anna-Maija Pirttilä-Backman Marianna Pogosyan Jana Raver Cecilia Reyna Ricardo Borges Rodrigues Sara Romanò Pedro P Romero Inari Sakki Alvaro San Martin Sara Sherbaji Hiroshi Shimizu Brent Simpson Erna Szabo Kosuke Takemura Hassan Tieffi Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira Napoj Thanomkul Habib Tiliouine Giovanni A Travaglino Yannis Tsirbas Richard Wan Sita Widodo Rizqy Zein Qing-Peng Zhang Lina Zirganou-Kazolea Paul A M Van Lange Center for Cultural Evolution Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden. kimmoe@***. Mälardalen University Västerås Sweden. kimmoe@***. Institute for Futures Studies Box 591 Stockholm Sweden. Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park MD USA. CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Chaoyang District Beijing China. Department of Sociology University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA. Department of Psychology University of Ghana P.O. Box LG 84 Legon Accra Ghana. New School of Economics Satbayev University Almaty Kazakhstan. Center for Cultural Evolution Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden. Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning Linköping University Linköping Sweden. Mälardalen University Västerås Sweden. Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies National Research Council of Italy Rome Italy. Department of Political Science Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland. Koç University Rumelifeneri Sarıyer Rumelifeneri Yolu Istanbul Turkey. Department of Psychology and Education Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran. University of Turin and Collegio Carlo Alberto Turin Italy. United States International University - Africa Box 14634 00800 Nairobi Kenya. International School of Economics Kazakh-British Technical University Almaty Kazakhstan. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) CABA República Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC). Facultad de Psicología (UNC) Ciudad Universitaria Bv. de la Reforma esquina Enfermera Gordillo s/n Córdoba Argentina. Sunway University No. 5 Jalan Universiti Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia. Departamento de Psicología Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú San Miguel Lima Peru. SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities Warsaw Chodakowska Poland. Department of Psychology University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria. Moscow State University of Psych

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Green Products,Services and Business:A Methodology for Capacitation on Innovation

Green Products,Services and Business:A Methodology for Capac...

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第11届创新与管理国际学术会议（ICIM2014）

作者： Flávio de S?o Pedro Filho Váldeson Amaro Lima Jeoval Batista da Silva José Moreira da Silva Neto Carlos André da Silva Muller Gleimiria Batista da Costa the Postgraduate Program in Administration at the Federal University of Rondonia (UNIR)

This essay focuses on methodology for capacity building in innovation with *** foundations in Theories of Economic Development of Schumpeter,Behavioral Management Theory,the concepts of Personal Mastery in Senge(2002) and Creative Attrition in Leonard & Swap(2003).It is a qualitative research of descriptive-analytical nature,by the Method of Content Analysis and required procedures with support from Focus *** general goal is to create methodological tools for capacity building in innovation with sustainability in the Porto Velho City,Capital of Rondonia State,Brazil;the specific objectives are to study strategically how to intervene with the entrepreneurs in order to bring sensitization in creativity and innovation with sustainability(1) building a methodology capable of achieving those involved in innovation processes with sustainability(2),and elaborate idealizers for the implementation of the proposed methodological procedures(3).As results,get in proficient topics,the importance of diagnosis as the initial step in the process of strategic intervention for innovation with sustainability and there quired elements for that *** an operational methodology is built to be applied in scenarios care fully prepared for *** application of capacity building for creativity and innovation takes in to account the environmental,sociocultural and economic attributes involved;and the idealized steps emphasize the involvement of actors involved in the *** conclusion points to the need for the involvement of the Amazon,and especially the local entrepreneurs,geared towards training focused on creativity and idealizers generation pro-innovation with *** providence of programs and policies focused on strategy involving the Amazon social actors will emerge multiple benefits to Forest People,while would enter the factors considered in this task by compatible *** work is a contribution of the academy to manager

关键词： Amazon Creativity Innovation Sustainability

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BioTIME 2.0: Expanding and Improving a Database of Biodiversity Time Series

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Global Ecology and Biogeography 2025年第5期34卷

作者： Maria Dornelas Laura H. Antão Amanda E. Bates Viviana Brambilla Jonathan M. Chase Cher F. Y. Chow Ada Fontrodona-Eslava Anne E. Magurran Inês S. Martins Faye Moyes Alban Sagouis Samuel Adu-Acheampong Daniel Acquah-Lamptey Dušan Adam Penelope A. Ajani Aitor Albaina Pablo Almaraz Jeongseop An Roger Sigismund Anderson Madelaine Jean Robertson Anderson Alexsander Z. Antunes Ivan Arismendi Linda Armbrecht Pedro Aros-Mardones Sreejith Kalpuzha Ashtamoorthy Narayanan Ayyappan Gal Badihi Joseph J. Bailey Andrew H. Baird Mark Edward Baird Sreekumar Vadakkethil Balakrishnan José António L. Barão-Nóbrega Adi Barash Miguel Barbosa Jos Barlow Claus Bässler Matthieu Beaumont Natalie Beenaerts Tiago Octavio Begot Wallace Beiroz Ricardo Beldade David M. Bell Alecia Bellgrove Jonathan Belmaker Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi Cassandra E. Benkwitt Pamela Medina-van Berkum Brandon T. Bestelmeyer Matthew G. Betts Maxwell Kelvin Billah Anne D. Bjorkman Magdalena Błażewicz Christopher P. Bloch Shane A. Blowes Antonio Bode Juliano A. Bogoni Thomas Bolger Timothy C. Bonebrake Erik Bonsdorff Roberta Bottarin Luke N. Brokensha Rob W. Brooker Andrew J. Brooks Helge Bruelheide Thiago Almeida Bueno Claire Laguionie Mariana Lopes Campagnoli James Cant Erica Pellegrini Caramaschi Alexandre Caron Tadhg Carroll Tancredi Caruso Juan Carvajal-Quintero Giuseppe Castaldelli Edward Castañeda-Moya Pedro V. Castilho Sonia Zanini Cechin Shahar Chaikin Uchangi Manjunatha Chandrashekara Tory J. Chase Chaolun Allen Chen Jorge José Cherem Sei-Woong Choi Erica M. Christensen Alexander V. Christianini Jackson Wing Four Chu Peter Coad Carl Van Colen Lise Comte Elisabeth J. Cooper J. Hans C. Cornelissen Eddy Cosson Unai Cotano Luc Crevecoeur Shannan Kyle Crow Graeme S. Cumming Vanessa S. Daga Gabriella Damasceno Gergana N. Daskalova Claire H. Davies Robert A. Davis Frank P. Day Sussy De-La-Zerda Amy Elizabeth Deacon Indradatta de Castro-Arrazola Steven Degraer Kharran Deonarinesingh Juan C. Diaz-Ricaurte Christopher R. Dickman Tara Dirilgen Ciaran John Dolan J. Emmet Centre for Biological Diversity School of Biology University of St Andrews Fife UK MARE—Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Research Centre for Ecological Change Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany Department of Computer Science Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity Department of Biology University of York York UK Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Philipps Universität Marburg Marburg Germany Department of Forest Ecology Silva Tarouca Research Institute Brno Czech Republic School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia Zoology and Animal Cell Biology Department University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa Spain Grupo de Oceanografía de Ecosistemas Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía CSIC Campus Universitario de Puerto Real Puerto Real Spain National Institute of Ecology Seocheon Republic of Korea African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Département de Biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada Núcleo de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais Secretaria de Meio Ambiente Infraestrutura e Logística do Estado de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies Ecology & Biodiversity Centre University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia Graduate Program in Oceanography Department of Oceanography Faculty of Natural Scienc

Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database. Main Types of Variables Included The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years. Spatial Location and Grain Sampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size. Time Period and Grain The earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample-level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa. Software Format csv and. SQL.

关键词： assemblage biodiversity community database ecoinformatics species taxa time

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Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (vol 2, pg 144, 2021)

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LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021年第4期9卷 E408-E408页

作者： Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom Biomedical Informatics Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute of Health Services Research Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Mathematics Imperial College London London United Kingdom WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia Brien Holden Vision Institute Sydney Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Ophthalmology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Health Services Management Department Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran Department of Systems Populations and Leadership University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Medicine Sofia Ismail Memorial Medical Centre Bogura Bangladesh The Fred Hollows Foundation Sydney NSW Australia Berhan Public Health & Eye Care Consultancy Addis A

Hospital El Salvador: a novel paradigm of intensive care in response to COVID-19 in central America. Lancet Glob Health 2021;9: e241?42?In this Comment, the conflict of interest statement should have included the following: ?By virtue of their roles within a public hospital or the Ministry of Health, MB, LC, WH, and XS are government employees. The findings and conclusions in the Comment are only those of the authors.? This correction has been made as of Feb 26, 2021.

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The Mexican consensus on irritable bowel syndrome

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Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) 2016年第3期81卷 149-167页

作者： R. Carmona-Sánchez M.E. Icaza-Chávez M.V. Bielsa-Fernández O. Gómez-Escudero F. Bosques-Padilla E. Coss-Adame F. Esquivel-Ayanegui Á.R. Flores-Rendón M.A. González-Martínez F. Huerta-Iga A. López-Colombo T.H. Méndez-Gutiérrez A. Noble-Lugo J.R. Nogueira-de Rojas R.H. Raña-Garibay J.M. Remes-Troche F. Roesch-Dietlen M.J. Schmulson J.C. Soto-Pérez J.L. Tamayo M.R. Zavala-Solares Private Practice. San Luis Potosí S.L.P. Mexico Hospital Star Médica de Mérida Yucatán Mexico Unit of Patients Under Study Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara Zapopan Jalisco Mexico Gastroenterology Clinic Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Gastrointestinal Motility Hospital Ángeles Puebla Puebla Puebla Mexico School of Medicine of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León and Internal medicine Division Administration Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Motility Laboratory of the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ) Mexico City Mexico Endoscopy Administration “Hospital General Dr. Miguel Silva” SSM Morelia Michoacán Mexico Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Service of the Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado y Municipios de Baja California ISSSTECALI Hospital Mexicali Mexicali North Territory of Baja California Mexico Gastrointestinal Motility Laboratory Department of Endoscopy Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI IMSS Mexico City Mexico Endoscopy and Gastrointestinal Physiology Administration Hospital Ángeles Torreón Torreón Coahuila México Health Education and Research Administration UMAE Hospital de Especialidades CMN Manuel Ávila Camacho Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Puebla Puebla Mexico Gastroenterology Service Hospital Ángeles Xalapa Xalapa Veracruz Mexico Department of teaching and Research Hospital Español de México Mexico City Mexico Private practice Irapuato Guanajuato Mexico Gastroenterology Service Hospital Español de México Mexico City Mexico Gastrointestinal Motility and Physiology Laboratory Institute of Medical and Biologic Research Universidad Veracruzana (UV) Veracruz Mexico Department of Gastroenterology Institute of Medical and Biologic Research UV Veracruz Ver. Mexico Liver Pancreas and Motility Laboratory (HIPA

Background Since the publication in 2009 of the Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome of the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología (2009 Guidelines), there have been significant advances in our knowledge of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. Aims To present a consensus review of the most current knowledge of IBS, updating the 2009 Guidelines by incorporating new internationally published scientific evidence, with a special interest in Mexican studies. Methods The PubMed literature from January 2009 to March 2015 was reviewed and complemented through a manual search. Articles in English and Spanish were included and preference was given to consensuses, guidelines, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Statements referring to the different aspects of the disease were formulated and voted upon by 24 gastroenterologists employing the Delphi method. Once a consensus on each statement was reached, the quality of evidence and strength of recommendation were determined through the GRADE system. Results Forty-eight statements were formulated, updating the information on IBS and adding the complementary data that did not appear in the 2009 Guidelines regarding the importance of exercise and diet, diagnostic strategies, and current therapy alternatives that were analyzed with more stringent scientific vigor or that emerged within the last 5 years. Conclusions We present herein a consensus review of the most relevant advances in the study of IBS, updating and complementing the 2009 Guidelines. Several studies conducted in Mexico were included. Antecedentes Desde la publicación de las guías de diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome del intestino irritable (SII) de la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología en el 2009 (Guías 2009) se han producido avances significativos en el conocimiento de la epidemiología, fisiopatogenia, diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Objetivos Presentar una revisión

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Consensus Review Diagnosis Treatment Mexico Síndrome de intestino irritable Consenso Revisión Diagnóstico Tratamiento México

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Growth inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus niruri extracts in combination with cisplatin on cancer cell lines

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第31期18卷 4162-4168页

作者： Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior Luiz Alberto Lira Soares Cínthia Raquel da Costa Porto Ranniere Gurgel Furtado de Aquino Hugo Gon alo Guedes Pedro Ros Petrovick Tatiane Pereira de Souza Aurigena Antunes de Araújo Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra Department of Morphology/Postgraduate Program in Morphological Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal 59072-970Rio Grande do NorteBrazil Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Federal University of PernambucoRecife 50670-901PernambucoBrazil Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal 59012-570Rio Grande do NorteBrazil Department of Production and control of drugs Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90610-000Rio Grande do SulBrazil Department of Food and Drug Administration Federal University of AmazonasManaus 69077-000AmazonasBrazil Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal 59072-970Rio Grande do NorteBrazil

AIM：To investigate the cytotoxic effects of spray-dried extracts of Phyllanthus niruri in combination with cis- platin on two cancer cell lines. METHODS： Colorectal carcinoma （HT29） and human hepatocellular carcinoma （HepG2） cells were treated with spray-dried extracts of Phyllanthus niruri （SDEPN） either alone or in combination with cisplatin at differ- ent concentrations （0.5 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL） for 4 h and 24 h. To verify and quantify cancer cells treated with these products as well as identify the cell cycle stage and cell viability, we stained the cells with prop- idium iodide and assessed them by flow cytometry. The percentage of cells in different cell cycle phases was quantified and data were expressed as histo- grams. Significant differences between groups were determined using analysis of variance and Bonferroni＇s test, as indicated. A value of P 〈 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS： SDEPN had significantly different cyto- toxic effects on HT29 （2.81 4- 0.11 vs 3.51 4- 1.13, P 〉 0.05） and HepG2 （5.07± 0.3 vs 15.9 ± 1.04, P 〈 0.001） cells when compared to control cells for 4 h. SDEPN also had significantly different cytotoxic effects on HT29 （1.91 ± 0.57 vs 4.53± 1.22, P 〉 0.05） and HepG2 （14.56 ± 1.6 vs 35.67 ± 3.94, P 〈 0.001） cells when compared to control cells for 24 h. Both cell lines were killed by cisplatin in a dose-dependent manner compared to control cells （HepG2 cells for 4 h： 10.78 ± 1.58 vs 53.89 ± 1.53, P 〈 0.001; 24 h： 8.9 ± 1.43 vs 62.78 ± 1.87, P 〈 0.001 and HT29 cells for 4 h： 9.52 ±0.913 vs 49.86 ± 2.89, P 〈 0.001; 24 h： 11.78 ± 1.05 vs 53.34 ± 2.65, P 〈 0.001）. In HT29 cells, pretreat- ment with SDEPN and subsequent treatment with cis-platin resulted in a greater number of cells being killed （12.78 ± 1.01 vs 93.76 ± 1.6, P 〈 0.001）. HepG2 cells showed significant cell killing with treatment with SDEPN when combined with cisplatin （12.87 ± 2.78 vs 78.8 ± 3.02, P 〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： SDEPN is selectively toxic ag

关键词： Cisplatin Colorectal cancer Liver cancer Phyllanthus n/ruri Cytotoxic effect

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SUPERVISION OF TRAINEES - TENDING THE PROFESSIONAL SELF

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CLINICAL SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL 1995年第3期23卷 271-286页

作者： GARDNER, JR University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis Postgraduate Education Program

This article seeks to demonstrate how self psychological concepts can be applied to the process of training psychotherapists in a variety of clinical and community settings. The author examines the role of clinical supervision in the development, consolidation, and maintenance of a cohesive professional self. The role of selfobject experience, needs, transference, and countertransference as manifested in the supervisory relationship is elaborated. Supervisor and supervisee form a self-selfobject unit, through which the trainee's anxieties and vulnerabilities can be managed. This selfobject matrix enables maintenance of self-esteem, expansion of cognitive understanding, and structure building in the arena of the professional self. To achieve these ends, the supervisor forms an empathic alliance with the internal, subjective experience of the therapist. The importance of focusing on the self experience and selfobject needs of the therapist in training via an empathic mode of observation is illustrated by several examples and vignettes. The application of theory to practice is emphasized, with examples chosen from a variety of clinical settings and modalities.

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DRUG PRICES AND 3RD-PARTY PAYMENT - DO THEY INFLUENCE MEDICATION SELECTION

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PHARMACOECONOMICS 1994年第4期5卷 343-350页

作者： HUX, JE NAYLOR, CD Clinical Epidemiology Unit and Department of Medicine Postgraduate Program University of Toronto Toronto Canada Division of General Internal Medicine and The Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Sunnybrook Health Science Centre North York Canada Departments of Medicine Surgery. and Health Administration University of Toronto Toronto Canada

The growing burden of prescription drug costs has focused attention on factors which influence physicians' prescribing decisions. We hypothesised that third party coverage of prescription costs would elicit selection of expensive drugs, but that this tendency could be moderated by price reminders. In a mailed survey, primary care physicians throughout Ontario (n = 1072) were provided with the clinical scenario of a patient with an infectious exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asked to select diagnostic tests as well as 1 of 6 antibiotics. Two antibiotics were expensive (ciprofloxacin and cefaclor;average price $Can52.23), and 4 inexpensive [amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole), erythromycin and tetracycline;average price $Can2.80]. Neither expensive drug is considered first line therapy for the condition described. Questionnaires differed in the presence or absence of drug benefit coverage and price information. The response rate was 71%. With third party cost coverage and prices shown, 18% of respondents selected an expensive antibiotic. This increased to 38% when the prices were omitted [odds ratio 2.72;95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61, 4.60;p < 0.001], and decreased to 8% when the patient was said to have no drug benefits coverage (odds ratio 0.40;95% CI 0.19,0.84;p < 0.01). On a control questionnaire in which neither cost coverage nor prices were specified, and in which respondents were asked to indicate the most appropriate antibiotic, 37% selected an expensive drug (relative to the version giving both prices and cost coverage: odds ratio 2.70;95% CI 1.62, 4.53;p < 0.001). We conclude that inappropriate selection of expensive antibiotics is increased when the patient has full drug benefit coverage but reduced when physicians are reminded of drug prices. These results support assessment of a price-oriented educational intervention in an effort to reduce inappropriately expensive prescribing.

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