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DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON SAGITTAL LUMBAR SPINE CHANGES IN STUDENTS OF THE FEDERAL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF FLORIANÓPOLIS

Revista brasileira de ortopedia 2015年第5期45卷 453-9页

作者： Susane Group Saray Giovana Dos Santos Antônio Renato Pereira Moro Student in the Postgraduate Production Engineering Program Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis SC Brazil. Professor in the Department of Physical Education Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis SC Brazil. Professor in the Department of Physical Education Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis SC Brazil Professor in the Postgraduate Production Engineering Program Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis SC Brazil.

UNLABELLED:The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of sagittal lumbar spine postural abnormalities and associated factors among students in the federal educational system in Florianópolis. METHODS:288 adolescents (156 males and 132 females), aged from 15 to 18 years, who were students in the federal educational system in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, were evaluated. To gather data, photogrammetry was used following a specific protocol for postural assessment, and a questionnaire was used to identify the prevalence and frequency of pain, and the activities that triggered the problem. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics, Student's t-test for independent samples, chi-square test and Poisson's regression were used, with the significance level set at p<0.05 for all the tests. RESULTS:The prevalence of low back pain was 49.3%, with weekly frequency in 43.1% of the sample. The prevalence of deviation was 53.8%, and 90.9% corresponded to rectification of lumbar curvature, and this affected males more frequently. A significant difference in lumbar angle was found between the sexes; higher prevalence ratios of postural deviations were found in the male group. CONCLUSIONS:The prevalences of low back pain and lumbar postural deviation were high, but the relationship between these variables did not present significance. The main causes of the lumbar pain were sports practice or vigorous activities and remaining in a seated position for extended periods of time.

关键词： Adolescents Low Back Pain Posture Spine

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A bibliometric review on applications of lignocellulosic fibers in polymeric and hybrid composites: Trends and perspectives

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Heliyon 2024年第19期10卷 e38264页

作者： Santos, Caroliny M. Santos, Thiago F. Rao, H Jeevan Silva, F. Higor V.A. Mavinkere Rangappa, Sanjay Boonyasopon, Pawinee Siengchin, Suchart Souza, D.F.S. Nascimento, J.H.O. Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering Technology Center Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Av. Prof. Sen. Salgado Filho 3000 Natal 59072-970 Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Department of Mathematics School of Sciences and Humanities Nazarbayev University Astana 010000 Kazakhstan Natural Composites Research Group Lab Department of Materials and Production Engineering The Sirindhorn International Thai-German School of Engineering (TGGS) King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB) Bangkok Thailand Department of Design Management and Business Development Faculty of Architecture and Design King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB) Bangkok Thailand

Over the past 10 years, materials science and engineering have shown increasing interest in incorporating lignocellulosic fibers into polymer and hybrid composites (LCF-CPH). This bibliometric analysis, covering the period 2012 to 2022, examines the current state of research on the application of these fibers in composites, with the aim of identifying significant contributions, new trends, and possible future directions. The analysis included a comprehensive database search using specific criteria, which revealed a significant increase in research activity on a variety of lignocellulosic fibers, such as flax, jute, hemp and sisal. This growth is particularly evident in the packaging, automotive, aerospace and construction industries. Hybrid composites based on these fibers have gained prominence due to their enhanced properties, which include improvements in mechanical, thermal and environmental characteristics. The findings of this research have significant implications for governments, corporations, and academic institutions. Researchers gain a deeper understanding of emerging trends, industry gains valuable insights into the advantages of adopting lignocellulosic fibers, and policymakers gain essential information to support the development of sustainable composites. In the field of advanced composites and sustainable materials, this work lays a solid foundation for future research and industrial applications. © 2024

关键词： Applications Composites Natural fibers Polymers

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Evaluating the impacts of environmental and human health of the critical minerals mining and processing industries in Indonesia using life cycle assessment

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2024年 10卷

作者： Wahyono, Yoyon Sasongko, Nugroho Adi Trench, Allan Anda, Martin Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto Aisyah, Nyayu Anisah, Anisah Ariyanto, Novy Kumalasari, Isnaeni Putri, Virny Zasyana Eka Lestari, Mutia Citrawati Panggabean, Lambas Parlaungan Ridlo, Rohmadi Sundari, Sundari Suryaningtyas, Anissa Dewi Novianti, Endah Dwi Hakim, Muhammad Raihan Farras Prihatin, Anggara Lomak Matin, Hashfi Hawali Abdul Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN Prof. BJ. Habibie Complex Area Banten Tangerang Selatan 15314 Indonesia Energy Security Graduate Program Republic of Indonesia Defense University IPSC Sentul Area West Java 16810 Indonesia Centre for Exploration Targeting School of Earth Sciences The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley 6009 WA Australia UWA Business School 35 Stirling Highway Crawley 6009 WA Australia Environmental Engineering Murdoch University Murdoch 6150 WA Australia Doctoral Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Central Java Semarang 50241 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Central Java Semarang 50275 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Vocational School Gadjah Mada University Sleman Yogyakarya 55281 Indonesia Study Program of Environmental Science Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Sebelas Maret Central Java Surakarta 57126 Indonesia

The critical minerals industries in Indonesia may pose possible environmental and human health risks due to the release of pollutants into soil, water, and air, as well as the use of materials and energy. This study investigates the possible environmental and human health impacts of Indonesia's nickel, gold, copper, tin, and bauxite mining and processing industries. This study utilizes the latest version of the OpenLCA software, version 2.0, in combination with the Ecoinvent 3.8 database. To evaluate potential environmental consequences and health effects on humans, CML-IA Baseline and Environmental Priority Strategies (EPS) are employed in product development. The EPS system was developed utilizing a hierarchical methodology with the objective of furnishing the product developer with data regarding the financial impact of human health impairment resulting from a particular product development. The production of one tonne of gold, nickel, bauxite, tin, and copper results in the emission of 7.34.E+07, 4.61.E+04, 3.10.E+04, 1.02.E+04, 8.01.E+03 kg CO₂ eq/t, respectively, contributing to global warming. This production is associated with asthma cases of 7.79.E+01 (gold industry), 2.21.E−03 (copper industry), 1.81.E−03 (tin industry), 9.21.E−04 (nickel industry), and 4.71.E−06 (bauxite industry) Personyears/t. Electricity consumption and the release of carbon dioxide are the main factors contributing to global warming. The primary cause of asthma cases is the utilization of fuel oil and electricity. Power plant chimneys can employ various technologies, such as cyclones, bag filters, and scrubbers, to mitigate the release of polluting gas emissions. The critical mineral industry must prioritize handling and governing of steam power facilities to minimize their negative effects on the environment and human health. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Critical minerals industries Environmental impacts Human health impacts Life cycle assessment

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THE MACHINERY ALTERATION program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 138-145页

作者： CIERI, AM KENNEY, LH A.M. Cieri:is the program manager for the Machinery Alteration (MachAlt) Program at the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station (NAVSSES). Mr. Cieri also currently serves as the head Fleet Liaison Unit Atlantic at NAVSSES. He working with Mr. E.T. Kinney Deputy Director Machinery Group Ship Design and Engineering Directorate (SEA 56B) Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) conceived and structured the policy and procedures for the MachAlt Program in FY 83 as a result of a need identified by COMNAVSEA's ShipAlt Improvement Program. Mr. Cieri has been with the NAVSSES (formerly NAVSEC Philadelphia) organization since 1971. He served in the Hull and Deck Machinery Department before moving to his current staff position in 1982. His 23 years of federal service also includes nine years with the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in various assignments in both the planning and production departments. Mr. Cieri has been a member of ASNE since 1979. Mr. Cieri was the recipient of the Joseph Cacciola Technical Achievement Award at NAVSSES in 1984. USN CDR. L.H. Kenney USN:was commissioned out of the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps at Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received his bachelor of science. He holds a master's degree in electrical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School. He has served at the Philadelphia and Boston Naval Shipyards the headquarters of the Naval Sea Systems Command and its predecessor NAVSHIPS as staff officer to Commander Service Squadron Six in the Mediterranean in the USS Essex and with the Joint Military Assistance and Advisory Group Tehran. He is currently the director of Fleet Coordination Office at the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station in Philadelphia.

The ship alteration (ShipAlt) process does not lend itself to the rapid accomplishment of small scale design changes to improve equipment performance and reliability. It is a necessarily lengthy and complex system, designed to deal with very large and costly projects. With one document, it causes replacement or modification of major ship systems. For this reason, ShipAlts are subjected to many reviews and design changes so that the final product will materially enhance the fleet's operational capabilities. The competition for scarce resources has left the Navy with a large number of needed design changes with no programmatic means to accomplish them. Various Navy communities have developed procedures to address this problem. This paper will show how the Naval Sea Systems Command-sponsored machinery alteration (MachAlt) program addresses the small design change problem for hull, mechanical and electrical (HM&E) systems. MachAlts are design changes to equipments that do not require system interface changes and may be installed outside of industrial activities. The paper will discuss how the MachAlt concept was developed and will give a status report and assessment of the program to date.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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The importance of tropical tree-ring chronologies for global change research

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Quaternary Science Reviews 2025年 355卷

作者： Groenendijk, Peter Babst, Flurin Trouet, Valerie Fan, Ze-Xin Granato-Souza, Daniela Locosselli, Giuliano Maselli Mokria, Mulugeta Panthi, Shankar Pumijumnong, Nathsuda Abiyu, Abrham Acuña-Soto, Rodolfo Adenesky-Filho, Eduardo Alfaro-Sánchez, Raquel Anholetto Junior, Claudio Roberto Aragão, José Roberto Vieira Assis-Pereira, Gabriel Astudillo-Sánchez, Claudia C. Carolina Barbosa, Ana Barreto, Nathan de Oliveira Battipaglia, Giovanna Beeckman, Hans Botosso, Paulo Cesar Bourland, Nils Bräuning, Achim Brienen, Roel Brookhouse, Matthew Buajan, Supaporn Buckley, Brendan M. Camarero, J. Julio Carrillo-Parra, Artemio Ceccantini, Gregório Centeno-Erguera, Librado R. Cerano-Paredes, Julián Cervantes-Martínez, Rosalinda Chanthorn, Wirong Chen, Ya-Jun Cintra, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cornejo-Oviedo, Eladio Heriberto Cortés-Cortés, Otoniel Costa, Clayane Matos Couralet, Camille Crispin-DelaCruz, Doris Bianca D'Arrigo, Rosanne David, Diego A. De Ridder, Maaike Del Valle, Jorge Ignacio Díaz-Carrillo, Oscar A. Dobner Jr, Mário Doucet, Jean-Louis Dünisch, Oliver Enquist, Brian J. Esemann-Quadros, Karin Esquivel-Arriaga, Gerardo Fayolle, Adeline Fenilli, Tatiele Anete Bergamo Ferrero, M. Eugenia Fichtler, Esther Finnegan, Patrick M. Fontana, Claudia Francisco, Kainana S. Fu, Pei-Li Galvão, Franklin Gebrekirstos, Aster Giraldo, Jorge A. Gloor, Emanuel Godoy-Veiga, Milena Guerra, Anthony Haneca, Kristof Harley, Grant Logan Heinrich, Ingo Helle, Gerhard Hernández-Díaz, José Ciro Hornink, Bruna Hubau, Wannes Inga, Janet G. Islam, Mahmuda Jiang, Yu-mei Kaib, Mark Hassan Khamisi, Zakia Koprowski, Marcin Layme, Eva Leffler, A. Joshua Ligot, Gauthier Lisi, Claudio Sergio Loader, Neil J. Lobo, Francisco de Almeida Longhi-Santos, Tomaz Lopez, Lidio López-Hernández, María I. Lousada, José Luís Penetra Cerveira Manzanedo, Rubén D. Marcon, Amanda K. Maxwell, Justin T. Mendivelso, Hooz A. Mendoza-Villa, Omar N. Menezes, Ítallo Romany Nunes Montóia, Valdinez Ribeiro Moors, Eddy Moreno, Miyer Muñiz-Castro, Miguel Angel Nabais, Cristina Nathalang, SP Campinas13083-970 Brazil School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States Belgian Climate Centre Ringlaan 3 Uccle1090 Belgium CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan Mengla666303 China Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Department Forestry Ecology and Wildlife Program Alabama A&M University AL United States Department of Botany Institute of Biosciences University of São Paulo R. do Matão 277 São Paulo05508-090 Brazil Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture University of São Paulo Av. Centenário 303 13416-000 Brazil Institute of Geography Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Wetterkreuz 15 Erlangen91058 Germany United Nations Avenue P.O. Box 30677-00100 Nairobi Kenya Faculty of Environment and Resource studies Mahidol University 999 Phutthamonthon Rd4 Salaya Phutthamonthon Nakhon Pathom73170 Thailand C/O ILRI Campus Gurd Shola P.O. Box 5689 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico Mexico City Mexico Colegio de Geografía Facultad de Filosofia y Letras Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico Mexico City Mexico Department of Forest Engineering Universidade Regional de Blumenau R. São Paulo 3366 Itoupava Seca Santa Catarina 89030-000 Brazil Northern Forestry Centre Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada 5320 122 Street NW EdmontonABT6H 3S5 Canada Department of Biology Wilfrid Laurier University 75 University Avenue W WaterlooONN2L 3C5 Canada Forest Management Program Mamiraua Institute for Sustainable Development Tefé Brazil Av. Mister Hull S/N - PICI Campus CE Fortaleza60440-900 Brazil Department of Forest Sciences Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture University of Sao Paulo Av. Pádua Dias 11 SP Piracicaba13418-900

Tropical forests and woodlands are key components of the global carbon and water cycles. Yet, how climate change affects these biogeochemical cycles is poorly understood because of scarce long-term observations of tropical tree growth. The recent rise in tropical tree-ring studies may help to fill this gap, but a large-scale quantitative analysis of their potential in global change research is missing. We compiled a list of all tropical tree species known to form annual tree rings and built a network encompassing 492 tropical ring-width chronologies to evaluate the potential to generate insights on climate sensitivity of woody productivity and to build centuries-long reconstructions of climate variability. We assess chronology quality, length, and climatic representativeness and explore how these change along climatic gradients. Finally, we applied species-distribution modeling to identify regions with potential for tree-ring studies in ecological and climatic studies. The number of tropical chronologies has rapidly increased, with ∼400 added over the past two decades. Yet, tree-ring studies are biased towards high-elevation locations, with gaps in warmer and wetter climates, on the African continent, and for angiosperm species. The longest chronologies with strongest climate signals (i.e., synchronous growth variations among trees) are from cool regions. In wet regions, climate signals and precipitation sensitivity decrease. Most tropical regions harbor 5–15 (and up to 80) species with proven potential to generate chronologies. The potential for long climate reconstructions is particularly high in drier high elevation sites. Our findings support strategies to effectively expand tree-ring research in the tropics, by targeting specific species and regions. Tropical dendrochronology can importantly contribute to global change research by generating historical context of climate extremes, quantifying climate sensitivity of woody productivity and benchmarking vegetation

关键词： Tropical cyclone

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Flexural properties of recycled ABS/recycled carbon fiber fabric composites

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2884卷

作者： Meire Noriko Hosokawa Jane Maria Faulstich de Paiva Postgraduate Program in Materials Science Federal University of São Carlos João Leme dos Santos Highway (SP 264) 110 18052-780 Sorocaba SP Brazil Department of Production Engineering Federal University of São Carlos João Leme dos Santos Highway (SP 264) 110 18052-780 Sorocaba SP Brazil

The reuse of solid waste is a practice that could reduce the disposal of high-value materials in the environment and also promote the circular economy. The recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers wastes can be an alternative to recover materials with good properties (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and carbon fibers, respectively) and insert them into a new production cycle. In this context, the objective of this study was to develop a composite using a recycled polymer as a matrix (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) reinforced with recycled carbon fiber fabric and; to evaluate the flexural properties of the materials. The composites were molded by the hot compression method and the bending tests followed the ASTM D790-17 standard. The results showed that the addition of the carbon fiber fabric promoted an increase of up to 13% in the flexural strength of the composite containing a layer of recycled carbon fiber fabric. Thus, remanufacturing can be an alternative to reusing recycled materials that have good mechanical properties and high added value to be used in other applications.

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COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated food insecurity in South American countries

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Food Security 2025年 1-22页

作者： Vasconcelos-Neto, Carlos Frederico A. Jacob, Michelle Tregidgo, Daniel Valle, Denis El Bizri, Hani R. Gomes, Sávio Marcelino Fa, Julia E. Morcatty, Thais Q. Monteiro, Frederico Ozanan Barros Scofield, Alessandra Matte, Alessandra Chaves, Willandia A. Borges, Luiz Henrique Medeiros Silva, Antônia I. A. Santos-Fita, Dídac Silva, Tiago Lucena Lopes-Filho, Isaac Ibernon Silva, Maria Isabel Afonso Barreto, Rebeca Mascarenhas Fonseca Oliveira, Marcela A Ferreira, Felipe Silva Santos, Ricardo Rodrigues Honorato-Júnior, Jaime Brazil, Marilene Vasconcelos Silva Sousa, Shirliane Araújo Oliveira, Deise C. L. Ferreira, Valéria R. F. Soares, Hyago K. L. Pinto, Marcia F. Beltrão-Mendes, Raone Rodrigues, Marcos Paulo Lopes Rocha, Wáldima Alves Gutiérrez Poblete, Roberto Schettini, Francisco Luigi Rojas, Joe S. S. Aspilcueta, Marco A. Zevallos, Justo D. V. Gagliardi-Urrutia, Giussepe Menéndez Delgado, Erick Rodolfo Polit-Vera, Mariela Lissette Rodríguez Ríos, Elvira Carrascal Velásquez, Juan Carlos Forlano Riera, Maria Dalila Perera Romero, Lucy Salas Dueñas, Danilo A. Garin, Daniel Mayor, Pedro Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá GP Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres Estrada do Bexiga Amazonas Tefé 258469553 - 225 Brazil Calle Enrique Granados 30 Boadilla del Monte Madrid 28660 Spain Departamento de Saúde Coletiva e Nutrição Centro de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Lagoa Nova Rio Grande do Norte Natal 59075000 Brazil University of Florida Gainesville 32611 FL United States School of Science Engineering and Environment University of Salford 43 Crescent Salford M5 4 WT United Kingdom Center for International Forestry Research - CIFOR Bogor Indonesia Department of Nutrition Centre of Health Sciences Universidade Federal da Paraíba R. Tabeliao Estanislau Eloy S/N Paraiba João Pessoa 58050585 Brazil Natural Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M15 6BH United Kingdom Natural Sciences and Environment Research Hub University of Gibraltar Gibraltar Gibraltar Department of Geography University College London North West Wing Gower Street London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom Institute of Health and Animal Production Federal Rural University of the Amazon Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501 Pará Belém 66077 - 830 Brazil Laboratory of Animal Health Postgraduate Program in Animal Health in the Amazon Institute of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Pará Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) BR 316 Km 61 s/n bairro Saudade II Pará Castanhal 68746360 Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Agroecossistemas (PPGSI) Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR) Prolongamento da Rua Cerejeiras S/N Paraná Santa Helena 85892000 Brazil Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 310 West Campus Drive Blacksburg 24061 VA United States Associação SOS Amazônia Rua Pará 61 Acre Rio Branco 69905082 Brazil Universidade Federal do Amazonas Instituto Natureza e Cultura Rua 1º de Mai

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered unparalleled political, economic, and social ramifications, exacerbating global food insecurity (FI). To understand the overall impact of the pandemic and how different socio-economic groups were affected, we assessed prevalence and severity of FI in a sample of 18,997 households across seven countries in South America. We employed the Food Insecurity Experience Scale developed by the FAO. Our results showed that pre-pandemic, 4.5% of the sampled population across the entire continent faced Moderate FI, while 0.6% experienced severe FI. During the pandemic, Moderate FI increased to 16.9% (+ 12.4%), and Severe FI to 2.7% (+ 2.1%). By country, pre-pandemic households in Venezuela had the highest prevalence of Moderate FI (9.7%), with Peru experiencing the highest Severe FI frequency (1.1%). Peru had the greatest rise in Moderate (+ 23.9%) and Severe FI (+ 4.6%) during the pandemic. Low-income households, defined as those earning < 2 minimum wages per month, were most susceptible to FI. Uruguayan low-income families exhibited the most significant rise (+ 40.4%) in Moderate FI, while those in Peru experienced an increase of + 9.1% in Severe FI. This study measures the profound and far-reaching impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on FI in South America. Our findings also emphasise the critical importance of implementing effective public policy interventions to improve resilience against future shocks. This would enable policymakers to develop targeted strategies that address the immediate challenges posed by pandemics as well as laying the groundwork for a more resilient and sustainable food security landscape in the region. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Covid-19 Food security Hunger Nutrition South America

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The Regional Deterrence Ship (RDS 2010) - A design for littoral warfare in the 2010 timeframe

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第1期108卷 61-72页

作者： Calvano, CN Riedel, JS Professor Charles N. Calvano Capt. USN (Ret.): of the Naval Postgraduate School is responsible for a program in Total Ship Systems Engineering. He is a graduate of the Naval Academy who served as a surface warfare officer. After completion of his graduate education at MIT he became an Engineering Duty Officer and served at Boston Naval Shipyard in several capacities. He was the Repair Facilities Advisor to the Vietnamese Navy the Project Officer for construction of nuclear powered guided missile cruisers (CGNs) at the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Newport News Virginia and served on the staff of the Commander Naval Surface Forces U.S. Atlantic Fleet and later at the Supervisor of Shipbuilding in Portsmouth Virginia in maintenance and overhaul management positions. He was Officer in Charge of the Annapolis Laboratory of the David Taylor Research Center and Commanding Officer of the Engineering Duty Officer School. He retired from active duty in October 1991 after serving in the Naval Sea Systems Command as the Director of the Ship Design Group and of the Advanced Concepts and Technology Group. Lt. Jeffrey S. Riedel USN:is an Engineering Duty Officer currently assigned to the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Bath Maine. He obtained his B.S. degree in Marine Engineering from Maine Maritime Academy in 1986 and his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering plus a Mechanical Engineer's degree from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1993. Lt. Riedel's naval career has included duty aboaqrd USS Wainwright (CG 28) as auxiliaries officer damage control assistant and main machinery officer. Currently he serves as the assistant production officer at SUPSHIP Bath in charge of DDG 51 class construction and delivery.

This paper describes the design of a Regional Deterrence Ship (RDS 2010) for the 2010 timeframe. The requirements for the design were for a ship to operate in littoral areas of the world with a mission of deterring regional conflicts and of hampering the efforts of the aggressor in such a conflict. In addition the ship's mission included the evacuation of friendly personnel as hostilities become likely. The problem countering the littoral threat during times of constrained budgets is addressed. Top level requirements for the design, generated in parallel with ''.... From the Sea'' [1], were used to set the design goals. The paper describes the manner in which littoral warfare changes the nature of the challenges faced by Navy surface combatants, including a ship such as the RDS 2010. A number of factors become more crucial design concerns than for blue water ships, including reduced reaction times, likelihood of attack from hidden land sites, shallow water mines and shallow water USW Certain other factors become less critical in littoral areas and this also has ship design impacts. While some present ship designs can perform some of the tasks needed in a littoral warfare/regional conflict environment, none represents a completely integrated design (hull, mechanical & electrical;combat systems;fiscal and manning constraints;reduced vulnerability;robust self-defense etc.) for a vessel stationed in waters that, without warning, can become hostile. After describing the mission requirements to which the RDS 2010 was designed, the paper discusses the controlling design philosophy and decisions and describes the process used to assess threats to the ship. The process of combat system selection, against the backdrop of expected threat scenarios, is described and the intended approach to integration of the combat system is discussed. In recognition that decreased reaction times and surprise attacks are likely to threaten a ship engaged in regional deterrence, discussions oi

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THE PLACE OF engineering IN ANTI‐SUBMARINE WARFARE

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Naval Engineers Journal 1965年第3期77卷 391-398页

作者： SHOR, S.W.W. The author was graduated from the United States Naval Academy in June 1942 with the Class of 1943. He spent the next four years at sea. He was a survivor of the sinking of USS CHICAGO south of Guadalcanal in January 1943 and later served in USS ST. LOUIS and USS QUINCY. He did postgraduate work in Naval construction and engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1946 to 1949 and was awarded the degree of Naval Engineer and was designated for engineering duty. He has since served six years as an engineer in the Navy's nuclear propulsion program and eight years in naval shipyards. Since August 1963 he has been in charge of ship sonar development and production for the Bureau of Ships and more recently for the Manager ASW Systems Project. Captain Shor is a member of the American Physical Society Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and Sigma Xi.

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CARRIER COMBAT ENDURANCE AND REPLENISHMENT REQUIREMENTS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1977年第1期89卷 39-46页

作者： SMITH, CR FOSTER, RE USN Capt. Charles R. Smith Jr. USN:graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1949. He completed his flight training in 1951 and first served in Composite Squadron 33 on board Atlantic and Pacific Fleet aircraft carriers until 1954. He then attended the U.S. Navy Postgraduate School in Aeronautical Engineering and was awarded his Masters degree in SM Aero-Weapons Systems by Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1957 at which time he was ordered to Heavy Attack Squadron ONE embarked in Atlantic ‘Fleet aircraft carriers. He graduated from the Naval War College Command and Staff Course in 1961 and subsequently sensed on the Staff U.S. Naval Safety Center arid was Operations Officer. Executive Officer and Commanding Officer of Heavy Attack Squadron SIX and Reconnaissance Attack Squadron THREE. From 1968 until 1970 he was Executive Officer of the USS John F. Kennedy (CVA-67) when the ship was commissioned and first deployed followed by duty in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNA V) where he served under the Director of Fleet Operations until 1971. Capt. Smith commanded the Fast Combat Support Ship USS Detroit (AOE-4) during her first deployment was Commanding Officer. USS Independence (CV-62): and later returned to OPNAV where he was the Deputy Director of the Aircraft Carrier Programs an assignment which he held until August 1976 when he assumed his present duties as Chief Navy Section MAAG. Greece. Capt. Richard E. Foster USN (Ret.):has been affiliated with Wheeler Industries. Inc. us Program Manager since 1968 when he retired from the U.S. Navy. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy with the Class of 1941 and later attended the U.S. Navy Postgraduate School in Engineering Design. He served at sea as Electrical Officer in the USS Pennsylvania and as Engineer Officer in the USS Indiana and the aircraft carrier USS Wright. His three tours of duty in the Bureau of Ships included the Interior Communication and Fire Control Branch the Machinery Design Division and as Administrative Assistant

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