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A review: Domestic wastewater management system in Indonesia

IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science 2021年第1期739卷

作者： J Harahap T Gunawan S Suprayogi M Widyastuti Student of Doctoral Program in Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Gadjah Mada University Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Islamic State University of Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh Indonesia Department of Cartography and Remote Sensing Faculty of Geography Gadjah Mada University Indonesia Department of Environmental Geography Faculty of Geography Gadjah Mada University Indonesia

Increasing access to proper sanitation in urban areas in Indonesia has not been accompanied by the availability of a domestic wastewater disposal system that is safe for the environment. The existing domestic wastewater management system is felt to be unable to prevent pollution. Several studies have reported contamination of water bodies in several cities originating from domestic wastewater that has not been appropriately managed. This paper aims to discuss the developments of the domestic wastewater management system in Indonesia by exploring the current conditions and challenges. The service capacity and application of domestic wastewater treatment technology at wastewater treatment plants already operating in Indonesia will be discussed to find out the existing comparisons. Several regulations related to the domestic wastewater management system also be reviewed to find out the policy direction of pollution prevention efforts. From the conditions exposed, it is necessary to evaluate and adjust the existing concepts to the progress of developments in the field. More significant effort is needed to find solutions for problems and realize the domestic wastewater management system's implementation to achieve the desired goals.

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Off-site domestic wastewater management system in Banda Aceh, Indonesia: the problems and future solutions concept

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science 2021年第1期644卷

作者： J Harahap T Gunawan S Suparayogi M Widyastuti Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Islamic State University of Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh Indonesia Student of Doctoral Program in Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia Department of Cartography and Remote Sensing Faculty of Geography Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia Department of Environmental Geography Faculty of Geography Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia

Currently, Banda Aceh has been dealing with several problems related to pollution caused by domestic wastewater. According to previous studies, shallow groundwater and surface water in Banda Aceh have been contaminated by domestic wastewater produced by the community. The settlement scale off-site system with communal-WWTP operating in several villages has not function optimally in treating domestic wastewater. The problem also caused by service coverage which is still very small (only 2.12% of the total population). Therefore, it is require an acceleration of service improvement, by developing urban scale off-site system with centralized-WWTP and a wider pipe line network system. Moreover, further investigations are needed to develop the concept of planning as a preliminary design in the management of urban scale off-site system. This paper aims to develop a concept of domestic wastewater management using an urban scale off-site system that considers environmental characteristics in Banda Aceh as an alternative to mitigate the occurrence of water body pollution by domestic wastewater.

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Current status of domestic wastewater management system in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science 2021年第1期739卷

Almost all cities in Indonesia have not had sewer systems that are qualified for the excellent standard. As a province capital, Banda Aceh has also been facing several domestic wastewater management problems. Based on several previous reports, the water body in Banda Aceh has been contaminated by domestic wastewater pollution. Therefore, serious attention is needed to overcome the problem, such as analysis, investigations, and concepts. This paper aimed to review domestic wastewater management in Banda Aceh and describe the concepts that can be used to solve those problems. The analytical methods used in this study were spatial and descriptive analysis. This study's result was the development of concepts of domestic wastewater management system for preliminary planning in Banda Aceh, which has been considered to be needed as the alternative solution.

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Enhancement of Biogas Production from Rice Husk by NaOH and Enzyme Pretreatment 2

Enhancement of Biogas Production from Rice Husk by NaOH and ...

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2nd International Conference on Energy, environmental and Information System, ICENIS 2017

作者： Syafrudin Nugraha, Winardi Dwi Agnesia, Shandy Sarima Matin, Hashfi Hawali Abdul Budiyono Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Biogas is a renewable energy source that can be used as an alternative fuel to replace fossil fuel such as oil and natural gas. This research aims to analyze the impact of NaOH (Sodium hydroxide) and enzyme usage on the production of rice husk biogas using Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SS-AD). Generally, SS-AD occurs at solid concentrations higher than 15%. The waste of rice husk are used as substrate with a C/N ratio of 25% and the total of solid that are used is 21%. Rice husk contains high lignin, therefore it is handled with chemical and biological treatment. The chemical preliminary treatment was using NaOH with various concentrations from 3%, 6% and 9% while the biological preliminary treatment was using enzyme with various concentration from 5%, 8%, and 11%. The biogas that is produced then measured every two days during 60 days of research with the biogas volume as a parameter observed. The result of the research shows that preliminary treatment with NaOH and enzyme can increase the production of biogas. The highest biogas production was obtained by the NaOH pretreatment using 6% NaOH which was 497 ml and by enzyme pretreatment using 11% enzyme which was 667,5 ml. © 2018 The Authors, published by EDP sciences.

关键词： Biogas

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Decreasing of BOD Concentration on Artificial Domestic Wastewater Using Anaerob Biofilter Reactor Technology 2

Decreasing of BOD Concentration on Artificial Domestic Waste...

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2nd International Conference on Energy, environmental and Information System, ICENIS 2017

作者： Sumiyati, Sri Purwanto, P. Sudarno, S. Doctoral Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Pollution of domestic wastewater becomes an urban problem. Domestic wastewater contains a variety of pollutants. One of the pollutant parameters in domestic wastewater is BOD. Domestic wastewater which BOD concentrations exceeding the quality standard will be harmful to the environment, particularly the receiving water body. Therefore, before being discharged into the environment, domestic wastewater needs to be processed first. One of the processing that has high efficiency, low cost and easy operation is biofilter technology. The purpose of this research was to analyze the efficiency of BOD concentration reduction in domestic wastewater with anaerobic reactor biofilter using volcanic gravel media. The type of reactor used is an anaerobic biofilter made of glass which volume of 30 liters while the biofilter media is volcanic gravel. In this research the established HRT were 24, 12, 6 and 3 hours. The results showed that the efficiency of BOD concentration reduction in artificial domestic wastewater reached 80%. © 2018 The Authors, published by EDP sciences.

关键词： Volcanoes

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Plankton and Heavy Metal Correlation from Commercial Vessels in Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang 2

Plankton and Heavy Metal Correlation from Commercial Vessels...

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2nd International Conference on Energy, environmental and Information System, ICENIS 2017

作者： Tjahjono, Agus Bambang, Aziz Nur Anggoro, Sutrisno Engineering Department Semarang Merchant Marine Polytechnic Semarang Indonesia Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

The commercial vessels activity have a big role to increase the flow of number of cargoes from a port to another port. However, the impact of these activities are the disposal of ballast water from port area to the destination port. The purpose of this research was to analyze the correlation of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and heavy metal which were contained inside the ballast water of commercial vessel towards in waters of the port of Tanjung Emas Semarang. The concentration of heavy metal either from commercial vessels or the waters in port area analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The result showed that the correlation of zooplankton and phytoplankton in the water ballast at commercial vessels have a medium correlation to zooplankton and phytoplankton in waters of Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang (PTES) were 48.9% and 58.3%. Correlation of heavy metal Cd, Zn, Cu, Zn and Pb in ballast water of commercial vessel toward each metal in waters of PTES area has a strong correlation in contribution were 76.7%, 75.6%, 71.4% and 73.8%. It showed us that the loading activity of commercial vessels in port are contributed towards the pollution in waters. © 2018 The Authors, published by EDP sciences.

关键词： Water

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Perceptions of rural communities towards sustainable water supply in arid tropical regions Indonesia

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science 2020年第1期426卷

作者： Jakobis Johanis Messakh Rolland E. Fanggidae Daniel Lay Moy Study program of Environmental Science Postgraduate program Universitas Nusa Cendana Study program of Building Engineering Education Universitas Nusa Cendana Study program of Management Universitas Nusa Cendana

Public perception of the fulfillment of clean water needs will depend on a number of factors, including social, economic, cultural and community habits. This research was conducted in Nekmese Village in Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This village is one of the villages that has not received good clean water services, even though this village has sufficient availability of clean water throughout the season. This study aims to examine the perception of rural communities in the provision of sustainable clean water. Data collection is done by observation and survey by interview and questionnaire. The results showed that 41% of respondents felt they were insufficient in providing clean water, while the other 59% felt they were insufficient. This fact is supported by the data on the use of clean water on average by 40 Lpcd. For the sustainability of clean water supply, the results of the study show positive perceptions from the community, but contrary to wasteful measures in water use, maintenance of water sources and participation in water supply in his village. This could be due to the low level of public education, and lack of hearing about information about clean water. The research recommends increasing the awareness and participation of the community in the provision of sustainable clean water.

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Cost-Benefit Analysis of Palm Kernel Shells as a Diesel Fuel Substitution for Hot-Mixed Asphalt

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IOP Conference Series: Materials science and engineering 2021年第1期1143卷

作者： Evi Gravitiani Nuri Resti Chayyani Sunu Herwi Pranolo Prabang Setyono Ary Setyawan Postgraduate Program on Economic and Development Studies Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia Department of Environmental Science Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the biggest oil palm producing countries. Solid waste from processing palm oil into crude palm oil (CPO) includes palm shells. This palm shell waste can be used as an alternative to diesel fuel for aggregate heating. This study aims to analyze the investment of the use of palm shells as an asphalt burner replacing diesel. Primary data were obtained from field and laboratory identification. In contrast, secondary data were obtained from relevant agencies, the Department of Public Development and Public Housing, PT Bara Energi Biomass and PT Damai Citra Mandiri. The method used is a quantitative descriptive analysis by calculating the annual costs and benefits over the machine's life, ten years. This study uses the Cost-Benefit Analysis. Four investment criteria are calculated: (1) Net Present Value (NPV), (2) Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), (3) Payback period (PbP), (4) Internal rate of return (IRR). The results found that palm shells' use as an asphalt burner for diesel substitutes showed high costs and top benefits. The calculation of economic feasibility with investment criteria shows that the NPV has a positive value, which means it is feasible. BCR shows a ratio of costs and benefits is more than one; it indicates that investment in asphalt production activities is feasible. The calculation of investment in replacing diesel fuel with palm shells shows a positive value of PbP since the first year. The internal rate of return shows that the investment value has met the minimum standard of general interest or replacement.

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Species diversity and dominance of Oligochaeta in copper and cadmium polluted soil

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1943卷

作者： M Ulfah S Anggoro T R Soeprobowati S Syafrudin Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics Science and Information Technology Universitas PGRI Semarang Semarang Indonesia Doctorate Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Univesitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Mathematics Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia School of Postgraduate Studies Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Enviromental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

The aim of this study was to determine the dominance and species diversity of oligochaeta were studied incopper and cadmium polluted soil. This location is used for the garbage disposal of Jatibarang Landfill Semarang City residents, Central Java. Oligochaeta were collected from 5 research sites. The research method used is field experiment. Oligochaeta sampling was carried out based on a random sampling method. Oligochaeta sampling in Jatibarang Landfill was carried out at a depth of 25 cm. Analysis of oligochaeta diversity includes species diversity using the index formula Shannon-Wienner and dominance with the index formula Simpson. The species diversity (Shannon-Weiner Index) showed value of 0.191 (site 1), 0.411 (site 2), 0.539 (site 3), 0.137 (site 4), 0.443 (site 5) and the dominance calculated was 0.207 (site 1), 0.024 (site 2), 0.279 (site 3), 0.045 (site 4), 0.031 (site 5) which indicates that the diversity and the dominance were inversely related. The population density (individuals/m2) of the Oligochaeta species at 5 research sites showed variations. The total density of L. terrestris recorded was 280.66 (site 1), 59.66 (site 2), 130.33 (site 3), 136.66 (site 4), 62 (site 5), and the total density of Pheretrima sp 14 (site 1), 10 (site 2), 39 (site 3), 4.33 (site 4), 12 (site 5). Two species of Oligochaeta showed high richness whereas some were sparsely populated.

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Study on the accessibility of water sources to meet the water needs of rural communities in semi-arid regions of Indonesia

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science 2020年第1期426卷

作者： Jakobis Johanis Messakh Defritus Aldrin Punuf Study program of Environmental Science Postgraduate program Universitas Nusa Cendana Study program of Building Engineering Education Universitas Nusa Cendana Study program of Geography Education Universitas Nusa Cendana

There are a large number of people in the world who live without an adequate supply of clean water, and spend hours to get clean water. For this reason, access to water and water sources is one of the main keys to meeting the needs of the community's clean water, specifically rural communities in the semi-arid regions of Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the extent to which access to clean water sources affects the patterns of water use and fulfillment of rural communities. The method used is a survey completed with a questionnaire and observation. The object of the research was the rural water user community in TTS Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province with a total of 87 families, and water sources in the study area. Samples were divided into three areas which were categorized as dry, normal and wet. based on the analysis of rainfall data at 14 rain stations. The results showed an average water use level of 49 Lpcd (SD = 25) and the distance to the water source as far as 521 m (SD = 1100). There is a negative correlation between the distance of the water source and the amount of clean water used. Water availability factors affect water usage more than long distances but can be reached. This study also found that the use of clean water by the community is adaptive to the availability of water according to environmental conditions. This study recommends the importance of handling clean water issues according to the characteristics of each different region.

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