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Cost-Benefit Analysis of Palm Kernel Shells as a Diesel Fuel Substitution for Hot-Mixed Asphalt

IOP Conference Series: Materials science and engineering 2021年第1期1143卷

作者： Evi Gravitiani Nuri Resti Chayyani Sunu Herwi Pranolo Prabang Setyono Ary Setyawan Postgraduate Program on Economic and Development Studies Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia Department of Environmental Science Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the biggest oil palm producing countries. Solid waste from processing palm oil into crude palm oil (CPO) includes palm shells. This palm shell waste can be used as an alternative to diesel fuel for aggregate heating. This study aims to analyze the investment of the use of palm shells as an asphalt burner replacing diesel. Primary data were obtained from field and laboratory identification. In contrast, secondary data were obtained from relevant agencies, the Department of Public Development and Public Housing, PT Bara Energi Biomass and PT Damai Citra Mandiri. The method used is a quantitative descriptive analysis by calculating the annual costs and benefits over the machine's life, ten years. This study uses the Cost-Benefit Analysis. Four investment criteria are calculated: (1) Net Present Value (NPV), (2) Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), (3) Payback period (PbP), (4) Internal rate of return (IRR). The results found that palm shells' use as an asphalt burner for diesel substitutes showed high costs and top benefits. The calculation of economic feasibility with investment criteria shows that the NPV has a positive value, which means it is feasible. BCR shows a ratio of costs and benefits is more than one; it indicates that investment in asphalt production activities is feasible. The calculation of investment in replacing diesel fuel with palm shells shows a positive value of PbP since the first year. The internal rate of return shows that the investment value has met the minimum standard of general interest or replacement.

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Species diversity and dominance of Oligochaeta in copper and cadmium polluted soil

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1943卷

作者： M Ulfah S Anggoro T R Soeprobowati S Syafrudin Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics Science and Information Technology Universitas PGRI Semarang Semarang Indonesia Doctorate Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Univesitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Mathematics Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia School of Postgraduate Studies Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Enviromental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

The aim of this study was to determine the dominance and species diversity of oligochaeta were studied incopper and cadmium polluted soil. This location is used for the garbage disposal of Jatibarang Landfill Semarang City residents, Central Java. Oligochaeta were collected from 5 research sites. The research method used is field experiment. Oligochaeta sampling was carried out based on a random sampling method. Oligochaeta sampling in Jatibarang Landfill was carried out at a depth of 25 cm. Analysis of oligochaeta diversity includes species diversity using the index formula Shannon-Wienner and dominance with the index formula Simpson. The species diversity (Shannon-Weiner Index) showed value of 0.191 (site 1), 0.411 (site 2), 0.539 (site 3), 0.137 (site 4), 0.443 (site 5) and the dominance calculated was 0.207 (site 1), 0.024 (site 2), 0.279 (site 3), 0.045 (site 4), 0.031 (site 5) which indicates that the diversity and the dominance were inversely related. The population density (individuals/m2) of the Oligochaeta species at 5 research sites showed variations. The total density of L. terrestris recorded was 280.66 (site 1), 59.66 (site 2), 130.33 (site 3), 136.66 (site 4), 62 (site 5), and the total density of Pheretrima sp 14 (site 1), 10 (site 2), 39 (site 3), 4.33 (site 4), 12 (site 5). Two species of Oligochaeta showed high richness whereas some were sparsely populated.

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Study on the accessibility of water sources to meet the water needs of rural communities in semi-arid regions of Indonesia

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science 2020年第1期426卷

作者： Jakobis Johanis Messakh Defritus Aldrin Punuf Study program of Environmental Science Postgraduate program Universitas Nusa Cendana Study program of Building Engineering Education Universitas Nusa Cendana Study program of Geography Education Universitas Nusa Cendana

There are a large number of people in the world who live without an adequate supply of clean water, and spend hours to get clean water. For this reason, access to water and water sources is one of the main keys to meeting the needs of the community's clean water, specifically rural communities in the semi-arid regions of Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the extent to which access to clean water sources affects the patterns of water use and fulfillment of rural communities. The method used is a survey completed with a questionnaire and observation. The object of the research was the rural water user community in TTS Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province with a total of 87 families, and water sources in the study area. Samples were divided into three areas which were categorized as dry, normal and wet. based on the analysis of rainfall data at 14 rain stations. The results showed an average water use level of 49 Lpcd (SD = 25) and the distance to the water source as far as 521 m (SD = 1100). There is a negative correlation between the distance of the water source and the amount of clean water used. Water availability factors affect water usage more than long distances but can be reached. This study also found that the use of clean water by the community is adaptive to the availability of water according to environmental conditions. This study recommends the importance of handling clean water issues according to the characteristics of each different region.

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A Resilience Pattern in Village level: The Case Babalan Village, Pati, Central Java Indonesia 2

A Resilience Pattern in Village level: The Case Babalan Vill...

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2nd International Conference on Energy, environmental and Information System, ICENIS 2017

作者： Nurwahyudi, Ragil Maryono, Maryono Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Based on the Indonesia Disaster Prone Index 2013, Pati Regency is a high risk area of disaster and is ranked 11th level Central Java province while nationally ranked 156. Babalan Village located on the edge of Juwana River has disaster history from 2006-2014 shows flood disaster Giving the greatest probability and impact followed by rat pest, tornado, drought, fire. The public recognizes the signs of a continuous flooding of heavy rains accompanied by clouds all over the edge, the continuous rise of the Juwana River surface to overflow, ants, isoptera, and animals out of its nest, "Yuyu Bule", earthworms out, clear water for "Rowo floods ", Brownish water for the flash floods. Most residents have boats and can make rafts from makeshift materials (jerry cans, bamboo, banana stems). Make "Ranggon" at home for those who do not evacuate for a place to stay during the flood. Citizens elevate the kitchen (to evacuate people and goods/household furniture). Breeding Tyto Alba owl for rats pest control post-flood and controllers in the fields. Develop vegetable crops in the yard with viticulture pattern (upstairs) if flood can be moved and can eat vegetables during flood. Have food reserves for stock before outside help comes. Citizens initiate "Water Bath honesty" to meet the water needs during the dry season. © 2018 The Authors, published by EDP sciences.

关键词： Floods

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Assessing Method to Identifying Water Resilience Against Natural and Climate Change Hazards. 2

Assessing Method to Identifying Water Resilience Against Nat...

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2nd International Conference on Energy, environmental and Information System, ICENIS 2017

作者： Amril, Rofi Maryono, Maryono Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

A geographic region may become vulnerable toward water resources in a variety of ways. Common issues arise when man-made infrastructure such as housing, industrial, agriculture and other spatial land use policy implementation exceeds more than desired level. Vulnerability of a region due to water resources could be interpreted as the inability of the region to sustaining economic and social activity associated to socio-economic water availability. This study assess four aspects of water resilience: Water quantity, water distribution, water quality, and water requirements. Literature review then followed by interview with academic expert used as method of study. This study found that four aspect of water vulnerability mostly have been applied to asses water resource vulnerability. Each aspect have a specific characteristic and could be define more specific and detail indicator according to the local content. © 2018 The Authors, published by EDP sciences.

关键词： Climate change

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A re-evaluation of the Chaetothyriales using criteria of comparative biology

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Fungal Diversity 2020年第4期103卷 47-85页

作者： Yu Quan Lucia Muggia Leandro F.Moreno Meizhu Wang Abdullah M.S.Al-Hatmi Nickolas da Silva Menezes Dongmei Shi Shuwen Deng Sarah Ahmed Kevin D.Hyde Vania A.Vicente Yingqian Kang JBenjamin Stielow Sybren de Hoog Centre of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Centre/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital NijmegenThe Netherlands Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control Ministry of Education of Guizhou&Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Guizhou Institute of TechnologyGuiyangChina Department of Life Sciences University of TriesteTriesteItaly Amsterdam Medical Center AmsterdamThe Netherlands Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi HilversumThe Netherlands Ministry of Health Directorate General of Health ServicesIbriOman Postgraduate Program in Microbiology Parasitology and PathologyBiological SciencesDepartment of Basic PathologyFederal University of ParanaCuritibaBrazil Department of Dermatology&Laboratory of Medical Mycology Jining No.1 People’s HospitalJiningShandongChina Department of Medical Microbiology People’s Hospital of Suzhou National New&Hi-Tech Industrial Development ZoneSuzhouChina Center of Excellence in Fungal Diversity Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand Thermo Fisher Diagnostics Specialty Diagnostics GroupLandsmeerThe Netherlands Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science GuiyangChina Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology Post-graduation Program Department of Bioprocess Engineering and BiotechnologyFederal University of ParanaCuritibaBrazil

Chaetothyriales is an ascomycetous order within *** order is particularly known through the black yeasts and filamentous relatives that cause opportunistic infections in *** species in the order are consistently *** and habitats of species are highly diverse,and often rather extreme in terms of exposition and *** are defined on the basis of evolutionary history,which is reconstructed by time of divergence and concepts of comparative biology using stochastical character mapping and a multi-rate Brownian motion model to reconstruct ecological ancestral character *** is hypothesized to be with a rock-inhabiting life *** disparity increased significantly in late Jurassic,probably due to expansion of cytochromes followed by colonization of vacant *** diversification took place subsequently,but at a low level of innovation resulting in strong niche conservatism for extant *** are ecologically different in degrees of *** of the clades has adapted ant domatia,which are rich in *** derived families,similar processes have enabled survival in domesticated environments rich in creosote and toxic hydrocarbons,and this ability might also explain the pronounced infectious ability of vertebrate hosts observed in these *** systems of morphological classification poorly correspond with recent phylogenetic *** are hypothesized to have low competitive ability against neighboring microbes,which interferes with their laboratory isolation on routine *** dataset is unbalanced in that a large part of the extant biodiversity has not been analyzed by molecular methods,novel taxonomic entities being introduced at a regular *** study comprises all available species sequenced to date for LSU and ITS,and a nomenclatural overview is provided.A limited number of species could not be assigned to any extant family.

关键词： Black yeasts Phylogeny Ecology Ancestral reconstruction Evolution Nomenclature

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Preliminary Identification of Urban Park Infrastructure Resilience in Semarang Central Java 2

Preliminary Identification of Urban Park Infrastructure Resi...

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2nd International Conference on Energy, environmental and Information System, ICENIS 2017

作者： Muzdalifah, Aji Uhfatun Maryono, Maryono Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Park is one of the spot green infrastructure. There are two major characteristic of park, first Active parks and second passive park. Those of two open spaces have been significant on the fulfillment of urban environment. To maintenance the urban park, it is very importance to identify the characteristic of active and passive park. The identification also needs to fostering stakeholder effort to increase quality of urban park infrastructure. This study aims to explore and assess the characteristic of urban park infrastructure in Semarang City, Central Java. Data collection methods conduct by review formal document, field observation and interview with key government officer. The study founded that urban active parks infrastructure resilience could be defined by;Park Location, Garden Shape, Vegetation, Support Element, Park Function, and Expected Benefit from Park Existence. Moreover, the vegetation aspect and the supporting elements are the most importance urban park infrastructure in Semarang. © 2018 The Authors, published by EDP sciences.

关键词： Parks

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Motivation and Perception of Tourists as Push and Pull Factors to Visit National Park 2

Motivation and Perception of Tourists as Push and Pull Facto...

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2nd International Conference on Energy, environmental and Information System, ICENIS 2017

作者： Said, Jumrin Maryono, Maryono Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Push-pull theoretical framework is a popular theory to explain the reason why the tourists decide to visit the destination rather than other place, the kind of experience they want to get and the type of activity they want to do. In this paper, it is explained the motivation as push factors and the perception as pull factors of the tourist in deciding the destination based on previous literature and research using descriptive method. The framework asumed that tourists are motivated to fulfill their needs, including to reduce the psychological imbalance and to gain recognition of social status. National Park is one of destination based on nature or commonly knowns as ecotourism. In choosing the destination, the tourists tend to classify their alternative choice based on several criteria, such as the domination perception of tourist from one destination (pull factor), self motivation (push factor) and the available time and money (situational constraints). © 2018 The Authors, published by EDP sciences.

关键词： Computer circuits

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Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight foamed concrete with fly ash 2

Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight f...

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2nd Nommensen International Conference on Technology and engineering, NICTE 2018

作者： Habsya, Chundakus Diharjo, Kuncoro Setyono, Prabang Satwiko, Prasasto Doctor Candidate in Postgraduate Program Sebelas Maret University Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Dept. Engineering Faculty Sebelas Maret University Surakarta Indonesia Environmental Science Dept. Postgraduate Program Sebelas Maret University Surakarta Indonesia Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Indonesia

This study aims to investigate the effect of fly ash content on the density, thermal conductivity, compressive strength and water absorption of Lightweight Foamed Concrete (LFC). This LFC consists of cement, water, sand, fly ash (FA) and foam. The foam is needed to to create air voids in the mixture and reduce its weight. The foaming agent which was diluted in the water was given air pressure using foam generator to produce foam. The LFC are made with water-cement ratio of 1:1 and cement-agregat ratio of 1: 4. Aggregates consisted of sand and FA varied by 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% in weight. The content offoam was 30% and 40% of the mortar volume. The increasing of foam content decreases density, thermal conductivity, and compressive strength of LFC. However, that increases its water absorption. The increasing of FA contentalso decreases water absorption, but it density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Water absorption

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Comparing Value of Urban Green Space Using Contingent Valuation and Travel Cost Methods 2

Comparing Value of Urban Green Space Using Contingent Valuat...

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2nd International Conference on Energy, environmental and Information System, ICENIS 2017

作者： Chintantya, Dea Maryono, Maryono Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Urban Dan Regional Planning Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Green urban open space are an important element of the city. They gives multiple benefits for social life, human health, biodiversity, air quality, carbon sequestration, and water management. Travel Cost Method (TCM) and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) are the most frequently used method in various studies that assess environmental good and services in monetary term for valuing urban green space. Both of those method are determined the value of urban green space through willingness to pay (WTP) for ecosystem benefit and collected data through direct interview and questionnaire. Findings of this study showed the weaknesses and strengths of both methods for valuing urban green space and provided factors influencing the probability of user's willingness to pay in each method. © 2018 The Authors, published by EDP sciences.

关键词： Air quality

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