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Perception of the community on the use of biogas as alternative energy (Case study: Jetak Village, Getasan sub district)

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science 2020年第1期481卷

作者： A Putri Purwanto H Purnaweni Study Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Semarang State University Semarang Indonesia Faculty of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Faculty of Social Science and Political Science Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to know public perception of biogas users in Jetak Village, Semarang Regency viewed from technological aspect, technical (biogas installation), biogas benefit, economy and environment. The method used qualitative descriptive with qualitative descriptive approach. The technique of determining key informants was done by purposive sampling. Data were obtained from cattle ranchers who lived in the study sites through interviews, observation and documentation. The result of this research is overall the perception about biogas energy get a positive response from user society. However, there are some things that should be considered for the government and others in providing assistance that is necessary to consider the evaluation and monitoring periodically so that the constraints experienced by the user community can be known early and can be found right solutions. In addition, the sustainability of the use of biogas energy can be done from generation to generation not just the aid which in the end becomes only useless materials.

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Electrolysis results in a comparison of metformin using aluminum, zinc, and iron (as the anode) as well as used carbon (as the cathode)

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020年第1期1524卷

作者： S Suhartana P Purwanto A Darmawan Doctoral Program in Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Departement of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Departement of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that can be obtained easily in pharmacies/on the market, because it is traded freely, so people can easily buy and consume it. Ferrous metal, aluminum metal, and zinc metals are metal quite easy to find and are often used by the public. Metformin and Ferrous metal, aluminum metal and zinc metals are metal are quite familiar in the community. This research aims to deconcentrate metformin which can be obtained easily in pharmacies / on the market by electrolysis method, using ferrous metal, aluminum metal, and zinc metals are as an anode and carbon as the cathode. Electrolysis of metformin has been carried out using ferrous metal, aluminum metal, and zinc metal as an anode. The success of the electrolysis process was seen with a decrease in the sample COD index. In the case without the addition of electrolytes using ferrous metals, the COD index of the sample reduction was very low (9-17%). This research aims to increase the success of the electrolysis process, by adding various kinds of electrolytes, such as acetic acid (weak electrolytes), hydrochloric acid (strong electrolytes), sodium chloride and Fenton reagents. The addition of electrolytes can increase electrolysis yield significantly. The interaction between metformin during electrolysis is traced to the possibility of changes in the chromophore group (with UV-Visible spectra) and the functional group (with FTIR spectra) of the sample. From the research data obtained information that there is a decrease and shift in UV-Visible spectra and changes in functional groups after the electrolysis process occurs. The best electrolysis percentage is obtained, after adding NaCl solution and Fenton's reagent in the range of 50 -66%.

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environmental assessment of a small power plant based on palm kernel shell gasification

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2296卷

作者： Muhammad Akvis Fauzi Prabang Setyono Sunu Herwi Pranolo 1Magister Study Program of Environmental Science Postgraduate Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 Indonesia 2Magister Study Program of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 Indonesia

A small power plant based on biomass gasification technology is attractive to provide electricity to many remote areas without fossil fuel access because biomass is locally available and contributes to net-zero carbon emissions in the terms of a greenhouse gas component. Palm kernel shell is a potential biomass in Indonesia to provide energy needs. It is available in scattered areas that are economical for a small-scale power plant operation up to 200 kW. The gasification technology converts the shell into combustible gases, which are also known as producer gases with carbon monoxide and hydrogen as the main components for fuelling a gas generator set resulting in carbon dioxide and water in the flue gas. Although palm kernel shell considered carbon-neutral, a power plant based on biomass gasification also emits CO2 indirectly as a result of the fossil fuel combustion during shell generation in a palm oil mill, handling and transportation from the mill to the power plant. A power plant based on the palm kernel shell gasification system produces greenhouse gases and solid residue as char and tarry components in the producer gas. This assessment examined the global warming potential level of a 5-kW power plant based on palm kernel gasification technology using a Gate-to-Gate approach to develop system improvement scenarios. All carbon dioxide emissions were predicted with an openLCA database of environmental Footprint (MID-point indicator). The mass and energy balance calculations resulted in the amount of generated char. A laboratory experiment was conducted to observe tar content in the producer gas. It was found that the power plant emits 1.69 kg CO2 eq/kWh, produces 0.33 kg char/kWh and the producer gas contains 2.70 × 10−4 kg tar/kWh. It is recommended that when using palm kernel gasification for electricity generation, plant managers should consider char as a solid conditioner in a palm plantation area and implement a tar removal system to minimize gas genset fa

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Corrigendum to “Innovative approach in sustainable agriculture: Harnessing microalgae potential via subcritical water extraction” [Environ. Technol. Innov. 36, 103797]

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environmental Technology & Innovation 2025年 37卷

作者： Alice Ferreira Jelena Vladić Diego de Oliveira Corrêa Valéria Louzada Leal Butzke Pedro L. Martins Belina Ribeiro Cláudia Marques-dos-Santos F. Gabriel Acién Luisa Gouveia LNEG National Laboratory of Energy and Geology I.P. Bioenergy and Biorefineries Unit Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22 Lisbon 1649-038 Portugal Forest Research Centre Associate Laboratory TERRA School of Agriculture University of Lisbon Tapada da Ajuda Lisboa 1349-017 Portugal NOVA School of Science and Technology NOVA University Lisbon Caparica 2829-516 Portugal Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) PO Box 19046 Curitiba Paraná CEP 81531-980 Brazil Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC) Santa Cruz do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Chemical Engineering Department University of Almeria Ctra. Sacramento s/n Almería 04120 Spain GreenCoLab Green Ocean Technologies and Products Collaborative Laboratory University of Algarve Campus de Gambelas Faro 8005-139 Portugal

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Thermal conductivity of lightweight foamed concrete filled fly ash

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IOP Conference Series: Materials science and engineering 2020年第1期725卷

作者： Chundakus Habsya Kuncoro Diharjo Prabang Setyono Prasasto Satwiko Civil Engineering Education Dept. Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Sebelas Maret University Surakarta Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Dept. Engineering Faculty Sebelas Maret University Surakarta Indonesia Environmental Science Dept. Postgraduate Program Sebelas Maret University Surakarta Indonesia Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Indonesia

Wall is the wider component of high-rise building to exposed the sunshine than roof. The building wall in tropical countries receives the solar heat all day and it makes temperature rise of its room and becomes less comfortable. Therefore, a wall with good thermal insulation is needed for buildings in tropical countries. Lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) can be used as a wall brick substitution as well as thermal insulator. The experimental research about LFC was investigated using FA and foam content to the thermal conductivity of LFC. The investigations were performed through the measurement of thermal conductivity, material density, and observation to the morphology of LFC surface. The LFC samples were varied in volume fraction of foam and FA in mortar. The result shows that the increase in volume fraction of foam in all variations of FA content decreases its thermal conductivity. In contrast, the increase of FA content in LFC results in an increase in thermal conductivity until 45 wt% of FA content, then it decreases as the addition of FA. Thus, the optimum thermal conductivity of the LFC was obtained by FA of 45 wt%. The relationship between thermal conductivity and LFC density shows that any increase in LFC density resulted in an increase in thermal conductivity. Otherwise, any decrease in LFC density resulted in a decrease in thermal conductivity.

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Application of Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis for Assessment of Groundwater Quality - A Study in Semarang, Central-Java, Indonesia 1

Application of Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Anal...

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1st International Conference on Smart City Innovation, ICSCI 2018

作者： Amanah, T.R.N. Putranto, T.T. Helmi, M. Master Program of Environmental Sciences School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Jl.Prof.H.Soedarto S.H.Tembalang Tembalang Kota Semarang Jawa Tengah50275 Indonesia Department of Geological Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Jl.Prof.H.Soedarto S.H.Tembalang Tembalang Kota Semarang Jawa Tengah50275 Indonesia Oceanography Department Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Diponegoro University Jl.Prof.H.Soedarto S.H.Tembalang Tembalang Kota Semarang Jawa Tengah50275 Indonesia Diponegoro University Jl.Prof.H.Soedarto S.H.Tembalang Tembalang Kota Semarang Jawa Tengah50275 Indonesia

The research study is located in Semarang with 10 samples of ground water gathered from dug wells. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis of ground water data is used to find water quality. The findings show lead concentration, cadmium concentration, and TDS in the water have surpassed the standard by the rules of Indonesian Health Ministry Year 2010. Those surpassing concentrations make water not suitable to consume because it will have impact on health, such as: inducting injuries through oxidative stress, epigenetic changes in DNA expression, central nerve, hematopoietic, incurable liver and kidney failures. Cluster analysis shows 7 locations are included into first cluster meanwhile three other locations are included into second, third, and fourth. From factorial analysis of four main factors, such as manganese, nitrate, zinc, and cadmium. Those factors are assumed to pollute because anthropogenic factors, such as: industrial, domestic, and agriculture waste causing lowering water quality. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cluster analysis

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Article artificial neural network model of soil heat flux over multiple land covers in south america

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Remote Sensing 2021年第12期13卷

作者： de Andrade, Bruno César Comini Pedrollo, Olavo Correa Ruhoff, Anderson Moreira, Adriana Aparecida Laipelt, Leonardo Kayser, Rafael Bloedow Biudes, Marcelo Sacardi Dos Santos, Carlos Antonio Costa Roberti, Debora Regina Machado, Nadja Gomes Dalmagro, Higo Jose Antonino, Antonio Celso Dantas Lima, José Romualdo de Sousa de Souza, Eduardo Soares Souza, Rodolfo Institute of Hydraulic Research Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre91501-970 Brazil Physics Institute Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso Cuiabá78060-900 Brazil Department of Atmospheric Sciences Universidade Federal de Campina Grande Campina Grande58429-900 Brazil Physics Institute Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria97105-900 Brazil Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso Cuiabá78060-900 Brazil Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science Universidade de Cuiabá Cuiabá78005-300 Brazil Department of Nuclear Energy Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife50740-540 Brazil Academic Unit of Garanhuns Federal University of Agreste of Pernambuco Garanhuns55292-278 Brazil Academic Unit of Serra Talhada Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Serra Talhada56900-000 Brazil Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States

Soil heat flux (G) is an important component for the closure of the surface energy balance (SEB) and the estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) by remote sensing algorithms. Over the last decades, efforts have been focused on parameterizing empirical models for G prediction, based on biophysical parameters estimated by remote sensing. However, due to the existing models’ empirical nature and the restricted conditions in which they were developed, using these models in large-scale applications may lead to significant errors. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the ability of the artificial neural network (ANN) to predict mid-morning G using extensive remote sensing and meteorological reanalysis data over a broad range of climates and land covers in South America. Surface temperature (Ts ), albedo (α), and enhanced vegetation index (EVI), obtained from a moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), and net radiation (Rn) from the global land data assimilation system 2.1 (GLDAS 2.1) product, were used as inputs. The ANN’s predictions were validated against measurements obtained by 23 flux towers over multiple land cover types in South America, and their performance was compared to that of existing and commonly used models. The Jackson et al. (1987) and Bastiaanssen (1995) G prediction models were calibrated using the flux tower data for quadratic errors minimization. The ANN outperformed existing models, with mean absolute error (MAE) reductions of 43% and 36%, respectively. Additionally, the inclusion of land cover information as an input in the ANN reduced MAE by 22%. This study indicates that the ANN’s structure is more suited for large-scale G prediction than existing models, which can potentially refine SEB fluxes and ET estimates in South America. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

关键词： Remote sensing

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Chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation of herbal, tofu and fertilizer wastewater using UV/Ozone oxidation methods

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1217卷

作者： Hadiyanto Silviana N PAdetya M E Pratiwi A D Aripratama Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University

The herbal, tofu and fertilizer industries contribute considerable waste. Unprocessed waste disposal can cause environmental pollution. The waste contains chemical oxygen demands (COD), and organic substances can be degraded by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) degradation method. The process of AOPs in this study used a combination of UV rays and ozone to produce hydroxyl radicals. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of UV, Ozone and UV-Ozone methods on COD degradation of herbal waste, tofu, and fertilizer. The result showed that the optimum degradation was obtained at experiment by using UV/ozone method. The COD degradation at tofu wastewater was from 1308 to 942 ppm, herbal wastewater was from 1011 to 414 ppm, and fertilizer wastewater was from 510 to 89 ppm by the use of 4 hours UV-Ozone method.

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Pretreatment of starch-free sugar palm trunk (Arenga pinnata) to enhance saccharification in bioethanol production 24

Pretreatment of starch-free sugar palm trunk (Arenga pinnata...

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24th Regional Symposium on Chemical engineering, RSCE 2017

作者： Kusmiyati Maryanto, Duwi Sonifa, Ringga Aji Kurniawan, Sabda Hadiyanto, H. Renewable Energy Research Centre Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Jl. A. Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan Kartasura Surakarta57102 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH-Tembalang Semarang50275 Indonesia Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Jl. Imam Bardjo SH-Semarang50241 Indonesia

Starch-Free Sugar Palm Trunk (Arenga pinnata) can be utilized to produce bioethanol because of their high lignocellulosic contents. Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials consist of pre-treatment, saccharification and fermentation processes. In this work, conversion of starch-free sugar palm trunk (Arenga pinnata) to fermentable sugar and bioethanol was carried out through g pretreatment, saccharification and fermentation processes. The pretreatment was carried out by addition of 1% (v/v) HNO3 and NH4OH for 30 min and 60 min, respectively. The saccharification was carried out at enzyme celullase loadings of 10 and 20 FPU/g and substrate loadings of 10 and 20 g for NH4OH pretreated samples. Fermentation was carried out using two methods i.e. separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) techniques. The results showed that pretreatment using NH4OH was more effective than HNO3 for 60 minutes. IFurthermore, the results also presented the reduction of the lignin content of 9.44% and the increase of cellulose content to 18.56% for 1% (v/v) NH4OH 60 min of pretreatment. The increase of enzyme cellulase (20 FPU/g substrate) and substrate loading (20 g) could produce more reducing sugar (17.423 g/L and 19.233 g/L) than that at 10 FPU/g substrate and 10 g substrate (11.423 g/L and 17.423 g/L), respectively. The comparison of SHF and SSF showed that SHF process yielded higher ethanol (8.11 g/L) as compared to SSF (3.95 g/L) and nontreatment process (0.507 g/L) for 72 h.. © The Authors, published by EDP sciences, 2018.

关键词： Saccharification

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UNP Extinct Metric for Bilih Fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis Bleeker)

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science 2019年第1期314卷

作者： Abdul Razak Ganefri Eri Barlian Indang Dewata Biology Department FMIPA Universitas Negeri Padang Indonesia Environmental Science Study Program Postgraduate Program Universitas Negeri Padang Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Padang Indonesia

This paper write about UNP Extinc Metric. It is new approach and methods how to calculate extinc condition for wild animals especially bilih fish from Lake Singkarak. We introduce new criteria and ombine to seven categories from IUCN. For bilih fish we can calculate number extinc 49 and the meaning is endangered We conclude after that result we can conserve bilih fsh soon as soon for our life in biosfer.

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