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Evolving Earth 2025年 3卷

作者： Marcio Cataldi Rafael Rangel Vitor Luiz Victalino Galves Sonia Jerez Juan Pedro Montávez Amar Halifa-Marín Luiz Landau Regional Atmospheric Modelling Group (MAR) Physics of the Earth Department of Physics Regional Campus of International Excellence (CEIR) “Campus Mare Nostrum” University of Murcia Spain Climate System Monitoring and Modelling Laboratory (LAMMOC) Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Federal Fluminense University Brazil Laboratory of Computational Methods in Engineering (LAMCE) Civil Engineering Program Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This study examines a scenario combining a prolonged solar minimum, like the historical Maunder Minimum, with the increased CO2 emissions characteristic of the industrial era. Two scenarios were developed in NCAR/CESM 2.0 implemented at LAMMOC/UFF to create simulations from 1850 to 2000, it contrasts differing radiative forcings from 1950 onward—one reflecting actual observed changes, including rising CO2 levels, and the other simulating a decrease in solar output like that during the Maunder Minimum but with continued CO2 growth. The results were validated against ERA5 data and 20th-century reanalysis. By calculating meridional averages at 30-degree latitude intervals, distinct regional impacts of the Maunder Minimum were identified. Notably the simulated Maunder Minimum reduced global warming by and even mitigated 70 % in HS in the last decade of the 20th century. However, this attenuation was lower in the HN, especially in the 30–60N region where no attenuation was observed.

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The effect of chitosan hybrid nanoparticle-based nanovaccines (C-Nps) on the tissue damage of cantang grouper fish infected with viral nervous necrosis

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3027卷

作者： Uun Yanuhar Gunanti Mahasri Heru Suryanto Salman Bin Yunus Syamlan Nur Sakinah Junirahma Nico Rahman Caesar Aquatic Resources Management Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Brawijaya Malang East Java 65145 Indonesia Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya East Java 60115 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Malang East Java Indonesia Master Program of Aquaculture Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science University of Brawijaya Malang East Java 65145 Indonesia Doctoral Program of Environmental Science Postgraduate Program University of Brawijaya Malang East Java 65415 Indonesia

The Cantang Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus-lanceoulatus) is a mating of the female Tiger Grouper fish (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and the male Kertang grouper fish (Epinephelus lanceoulatus). However, in farming activities, the Cantang Grouper fish can be affected by a VNN infection. One way to deal with the VNN infection is by giving recombinant nano-vaccine from the microalga Chlorella Vulgaris. This study aims to determine the effect of recombinant nano-vaccine administration of the microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris on the growth of the fish weight, length, and eye tissue in the Cantang grouper fish (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus lanceolatus) infected with Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN). The method used in this study is experimental. The test results showed that the administration of the recombinant C. vulgaris (p-PerCv) vaccine affected the growth in length and weight of the Cantang grouper, this was because the growth in length and weight of its from the treatment group was significantly different from the control group (0.039<0.05). Known by the ANOVA test and also has a different effect on the level of damage to eye tissue both damage to hypertrophy, vacuolization, and necrosis. The results of the Tukey test showed that the treatment that had a significant effect was the T1 treatment (treatment of healthy fish +33l of recombinant C. vulgaris vaccine (p-PerCv) +8.5l of Chitosan nanoparticles).

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Two decades of spatiotemporal distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Yangtze River: A meta-analysis

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environmental Research 2025年 283卷 122153页

作者： Yue Zhi Yong Liu Siwei Gu Ming Liu Hongxiang Chai Delai Zhong Qiang He Huan He Yongtao Shi Qian Hu Chuhui Zhang Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment Ministry of Education Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame 46556 IN United States The Environmental Science and Engineering Program Moutai Institute China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China China Southwest Architectural Design and Research Institute Corp. Ltd. Chengdu 610041 China School of Water Resources and Environment China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing 10084 China

In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of data from the past two decades to examine the composition, temporal and spatial distributions, and ecological risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Yangtze River, the longest river in China and the third longest river worldwide. A total of 2248 PFAS concentration records from 206 sampling points were analyzed, revealing that ∑PFAS concentrations in surface water were higher downstream (6.9–3700 ng/L) than midstream (1.8–65 ng/L). Limited data from seven upstream sampling points showed the lowest average concentration of 6.4 ng/L. Since 2016, ether and cyclic PFAS have emerged, with concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 2.1 ng/L, likely due to the transition from perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) to new fluorinated replacements. Among the five most frequently detected PFAS in surface water, perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and PFOS showed significant increases from 2005 to 2021. Seasonal differences were noted for PFOA and PFOS, with higher levels observed in autumn (Sep–Nov). Risk quotient analysis across three trophic levels indicated that the detected PFAS posed risks below the threshold for high concern. Given the Yangtze River's dense population and numerous fluorinated industries, expanding targeted and non-targeted screening for contaminants beyond the 27 PFAS studied here is critical. This study provides essential insights into the spatial distribution and ecological risks of PFAS contamination along the Yangtze River, highlighting the need for targeted monitoring and regulatory strategies to mitigate PFAS pollution in China and globally.

关键词： Ecological risk Emerging PFAS Legacy PFAS Spatiotemporal distribution Yangtze River

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Explainable Machine Learning for Anaerobic Digestion: A Critical Review

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Wangliang Gupta, Rohit Zhang, Le Liu, Hongtao Zhang, Zhikai Hou, Jiayi You, Siming Ok, Yong Sik James Watt School of Engineering University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory UCL Mechanical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 7JE United Kingdom Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences University College London LondonW1W 7TS United Kingdom Department of Resources and Environment School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai200240 China Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Water Resources and Environment Hebei GEO University Hebei Shijiazhuang050031 China Korea Biochar Research Center APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a traditional process to achieve energy recovery from a variety of organic waste streams. However, the AD performance in terms of biogas production and process stability relies on the cooperation of the functional microbial communities and the operating parameters. The latest progress in machine learning for AD processes including optimization, parametric prediction, perturbation detection, and long-term monitoring were critically reviewed. The explainable data-driven models including black-box machine learning (ML) models and nature-inspired optimization techniques were compared, while summarizing their applications. The review also highlighted the challenges, perspectives, and opportunities for future research of applying ML for AD processes. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optimization

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Flood control simulation for disaster management in Wai Batu Merah River Basin

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental Science 2022年第1期989卷

作者： D Fitriani M Farid H Mahfudz Y Suryadi Water Resources and Management Study Program Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Let. Jend. Purn. Dr. (HC) Mashudi No.1 Jatinangor Center for Water Resources Development Institute for Research and Community Services Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung Water Resources Engineering Research Group Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung Center for Coastal and Marine Development Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung

Ambon City, located in Maluku Island, experiences flood disaster every year. It has been considered that the flood in this city occurs more often compared to the other city in the same island. One of the river that is related to the flood occurrence in Ambon City is Wai Batu Merah River. This study aims to find appropriate structural measurement by using modelling simulation to control flood disaster in Wai Batu Merah River Basin. The modelling used HEC-RAS 5.0.7 software for coupled 1D and 2D hydraulic simulation. Flood discharge was calibrated by applying flood event in 2013. The SCS method was selected to generate flood hydrograph by using synthetic method. The records of water depth in the flood event were compared to the hydraulic model results and it showed good agreement. Based on the model, flood control scenarios i.e. normalization and dike were exercised for 25 year return period as required by government regulation. The combination of both scenarios can manage flood in Wai Batu Merah River Basin effectively. However it might need high cost to construct the structures. Therefore, it is necessary to have priority between the scenarios.

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Detection methods of Covid-19 to build resilience for environmental changes in the community

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Urban Governance 2023年第4期3卷 330-336页

作者： Su Shiung Lam Pau Loke Show Angela Paul Peter Kit Wayne Chew Pei En Tham Nyuk Ling Ma Shing Ching Khoo Shin Ying Foong Dangquan Zhang Yafeng Yang Wanxi Peng Christian Sonne Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu Malaysia University Centre for Research and Development Department of Chemistry Chandigarh University Gharuan Mohali Punjab India Department of Chemical Engineering Khalifa University P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Jalan Broga 43500 Semenyih Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Research and Postgraduate Centre Xiamen University Malaysia Jalan Sunsuria Bandar Sunsuria 43900 Sepang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637459 Singapore Faculty of Science and Marine Environment University Malaysia Terengganu 21030 Kuala Nerus Terengganu Malaysia Center for Global Health Research (CGHR) Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha University Chennai India Henan Province Engineering Research Centre for Biomass Value-added Products School of Forestry Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China Aarhus University Department of Bioscience Arctic Research Centre (ARC) Frederiksborgvej 399 PO Box 358 DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark Sustainability Cluster School of Engineering University of Petroleum & Energy Studies Dehradun Uttarakhand 248007 India

Scientists across the world are diligently seeking vaccines and cures for the novel SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) virus, which causes severe respiratory disease. Traditional medicine was found to have a significant therapeutic effect on recovering Covid-19 patients when combined with the infusion of corticosteroids, antivirals, and convalescent plasma. Here, we cover the contribution and effects of traditional medicine on Covid-19 patients. Early detection of Covid-19 and common safety precautions are among the infection prevention and control (IPC) techniques. The Covid-19 prevention methods include facemasks, social distancing, and vaccinations and are discussed. In addition, the survey of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, telemedicine, exposure detection via mobile apps, and electronic corona passport are also addressed. Although the vaccination pipeline looks promising in ending the Covid-19 infections, this review also provides awareness in the possibility of Covid-19 transmission within the community and the environmental impact of the pandemic.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Covid-19 prevention Air pollution Wildlife transmission Traditional cure Vaccinations

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Preliminary formulation of non-linear consolidation coefficients for unsaturated soil

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3019卷

作者： Aris Rinaldi Lilik Eko Widodo Reza Adhi Fajar Junior Water Resources Expert Technical Implementation Unit for Dam Engineering Ministry of Public Works and Housing Gedung Balai Teknik Bendungan. Jl Sapta Taruna Raya Jakarta Selatan 12310 Indonesia Research Group of Earth Resource Exploration Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Postgraduate Student of Doctoral Program Mining Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Hydrogeology Lab. Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

The water content is the amount of water contained in the medium – in this case, soil. The water contained in the soil represents soil condition, from the surface down to the ground. The surface position of the land to the groundwater table is referred to as the vadose zone, while the region below the groundwater level is called the saturated soil zone. The capillary fringe is a transitional zone between the vadose zone and the saturated soil zone. The unsaturated zone is defined as the part of the vadose zone between the ground surface and the capillary fringe. Distribution of water content in the soil is closely related to infiltration and consolidation processes. Infiltration is the process of water flow from the surface into the ground, while consolidation is the process of water dissipation from the soil pore medium due to the loading that causing a decline in volume or the soil pore cavity. Infiltration and consolidation are closely related to the compositional changes in water and air content of the soil. Groundwater scientific developments, in terms of engineering, science and technology, have been impactful. This research involves the investigation of a correlation between the distribution of water content and unsaturated consolidation and is expected to offer new insights in groundwater science.

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Relationship between extreme rainfall and design flood-discharge of the Ciliwung river

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental Science 2021年第1期708卷

作者： M Farid D Saputra T R Maitsa T N A Kesuma A A Kuntoro A Chrysanti Water Resources Engineering Research Group Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40135 Indonesia Center for Coastal and Marine Development Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40135 Indonesia Civil Engineering Master Program Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40135 Indonesia Civil Engineering Doctoral Program Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40135 Indonesia Center for Water Resources Development Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40135 Indonesia

Flood in Jakarta is occurred almost every year due to inadequate flood control systems to the flood prediction, inadequate drainage system, and trash that clog the drainage. The increase of rainfall is also one of the causes of flooding. That changing rainfall characteristics can affect river flow. This study aims to analyze the trend of rainfall in different time frames and its effect to flood discharge. The extreme rainfall trend is analyzed for every 15 years period from rainfall data of 1985 to 2019 for several return periods. Three period is selected for trend analysis and compared to the baseline data (1985-2019). Based on the analysis, the extreme rainfall for 1995-2009 and 2005-2019 period compared to the baseline is increased for all return periods. The increasing percentage is approximately 3-10% and 5-16% respectively. Since the extreme rainfall is increased, the design discharge is also increased for all return periods. The increasing percentage for 1995-2009 and 2005-2019 period compared to the baseline is 4-12% and 7-19% respectively. However, the design rainfall and discharge for the period 1985-1999 is lower than the baseline.

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Active Degradation-Nitrification Microbial Assemblages in the Hypoxic Zone in a Subtropical Estuary

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Lu, Yanhong Cheung, Shunyan Koh, Xiu Pei Xia, Xiaomin Jing, Hongmei Lee, Puiyin Kao, Shuh-Ji Gan, Jianping Dai, Minhan Liu, Hongbin SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Department of Ocean Science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China CAS Key Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-sea Extreme Conditions Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Sanya China State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

In 2017 summer, we observed a widespread bottom hypoxic zone at the lower estuary of the Pearl River estuary (PRE). We observed i) bacterial and AOA biomass accumulation, ii) oxygen consumption rates (respiration and nitrification) in the hypoxic zone. The potential microbial interaction of both oxygen-consuming microbes in the hypoxia remained unclear. To investigate the potential microbial interaction between AOA and heterotrophic bacteria in the hypoxic zone, we used bacterial and AOA communities (inferred from 16S rRNA gene and amoA gene, respectively) and multi-comparisons between the co-occurrence networks retrieved from DNA and RNA levels to reflect the pattern. We observed a highly diverse and active bacterial community in the hypoxia zone. The network topology revealed that Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes (Flavobacteriales), Alphaproteobacteria (Rhodobacterales and Rhodospirillales), Marinimicrobia, Cyanobacteria (Synechococcales), and AOA sublineages were module hubs and connectors, indicating that they were the keystone taxa of the microbial communities. The hub-subnetwork further showed robust co-occurrence between Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes (Flavobacteriales), Alphaproteobacteria (Rhodobacterales and Rhodospirillales), Marinimicrobia with AOA sublineages, and Nitrospinae (presumably NOB)) reflecting the formation of Degradation-Nitrification microbial assemblage in the hypoxia zone. The subnetworks revealed AOA ecotype-specific modularization and niche partitioning of different AOA sublineages. Interestingly, the recurring co-occurrence of SCM1-like II sublineages with Nitrospinae OTUs formed nitrifiers assemblage in the RNA subnetworks suggested an interaction via nitrite exchange. The Degradation-Nitrification microbial assemblage may contribute substantially to the oxygen consumption in the hypoxia formation in PRE. Our results provide new insight into the nitrifier-associated microbial assemblage that should be further explored in the mar

关键词： Bacteria

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Development of tsunami inundation map for the coast of Palu City

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental Science 2021年第1期737卷

作者： M R Purnama M B Adityawan M Farid A Chrysanti B T Rayadi Y Suryadi Water Resources Engineering and Management Undergraduate Program Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Jawa Barat Indonesia Water Resources Engineering Research Group Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Jawa Barat Indonesia Center for Coastal and Marine Development Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Jawa Barat Indonesia Geotechnical Engineering Research Group Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Jawa Barat Indonesia

The 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake and Tsunami severely damaged the coast of Palu City, Indonesia. The city did not have adequate mitigation system for a tsunami. A tsunami inundation map is required. This study based on modelling four scenarios of possible earthquake-induced tsunami. The earthquakes were identified based on data from PUSGEN. The generated tsunami wave is simulated using Delft3D and Delft Dashboard. The wave propagation is modeled using nesting method. This method couples different grid sizes. Nesting process helps to ensure the model efficiency and accuracy. The results provide the maximum inundation map along the Palu City Coast. These results can be used by decision maker to develop the coastal zone management of Palu City. Furthermore, they can be utilized to propose a disaster risk management plan.

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