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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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A Web-Based Tool for Semi-Automated Segmentation of Histopathological Images Using Nonlinear Color Classifiers

A Web-Based Tool for Semi-Automated Segmentation of Histopat...

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Annual IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems

作者： Marcelo Dornbusch Lopes Antonio C. Sobieranski Aldo Von Wangenheim Eros Comunello INCoD - National Brazilian Institute for Digital Convergence / LAPIX - Image Processing and Computer Graphics Lab - Federal University of Santa Catarina Brazil Postgraduate Program in Applied Computing University of Itajai Valley - UNIVALI INCoD (Nat. Brazilian Inst. for Digital Convergence) LAPIX (Image Process. & Comput. Graphics Lab.) Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianopolis SC BR

ISBN: (纸本)9781467390378

Histopathological staining is a technique widely used to highlight biological states or pharmacological activities in uman tissue. A quantitative analysis of the resulting images can produce biomarkers for diseases or even other specific conditions, thus providing valuable information for diagnosis and prognosis. Since biomarkers require measurements to be made in an objective and consistent way, software systems are employed to provide this quantitative analysis. For measurements to be reproducible, the same methods must be available across different laboratories. In this paper, we present a tool that allows users to perform quantitative analyses over the web, thus providing an efficient environment not only for individual cases to be evaluated, but also for users to share a common ground when making measurements. The classification method used by the tool to segment stained pixels is performed by a similarity function based on the polynomial version of the Mahalanobis distance, which is nonlinear and provides very robust classification for m-dimensional feature spaces. Furthermore, the similarity function can be generalized in the tool, so that images can be classified by reusing parameters of previous cases. The results of our web-based approach were compared with established ground-truth data sets, producing sensitivity, specificity and fitness values of 97.09%, 98.70%, and 97.90%.

关键词： Image color analysis Image segmentation Biomarkers Sensitivity Inspection Servers Statistical analysis

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UHF signal measurements and prediction using propagation models

UHF signal measurements and prediction using propagation mod...

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SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwave and Optoelectronics (IMOC)

作者： Karine S. Almeida Rafael T. Santos Edgar Silva Cássio C. Cardoso Ivonete M. L. Oliveira FAPESB Postgraduate Program in Applied Computing (PGCA) State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS) Feira de Santana BA Brazil

This paper presents a radio propagation measurement campaign of the received power in a campus scenario at State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS) and Imigrantes Highway. Comparisons and an analysis between the obtained values during the measurements at UEFS and the following propagation models: Free Space, Two-Ray, Log-Distance and Two-Ray without approximations are presented. The measurements taken at Imigrantes Highway are also compared to Two-Ray model without approximations.

关键词： Receivers Mathematical model Transmitting antennas Antenna measurements Predictive models Road transportation

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Feature selection and image classification using rough sets theory

Feature selection and image classification using rough sets ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Alex Sandro Aguiar Pessoa Stephan Stephany Leila Maria Garcia Fonseca Postgraduate Program in Applied Computing National Institute for Space Research Brazil Computing and Applied Mathematics Laboratory National Institute for Space Research Brazil Image Processing Division National Institute for Space Research Brazil

Current generation of satellite imaging sensors include multispectral or even hyperspectral devices. The resulting multiple images that are acquired require new processing and analysis techniques. Image classification processing demands can be very high requiring feature/attribute selection in order to employ a minimum number of bands while keeping good classification accuracy. This work shows the use of the Rough Sets theory for multi-band image classification. This theory has a good and simple mathematical formalism and does not requires further informations such as the pertinence degree or the probability distribution in the classification process. The case study was performed with a 7-band Landsat 5 image showing the suitability of the feature selection approach and its potential to be employed in multi or hyperspectral image classification.

关键词： Decision support systems

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Breaking the barriers between security mechanisms through the composition of Web Services: Towards a solution for the detection of multistage distributed attacks

Breaking the barriers between security mechanisms through th...

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IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)

作者： Leonardo Lemes Fagundes Luciano Paschoal Gaspary Postgraduate Program on Applied Computing University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos-UNISINOS Sao Leopoldo Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Institute of Informatics Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil

In recent years, the number of planned and coordinated attacks, such as DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service), has increased significantly. These attacks, also known as multistage attacks, are composed of several stages and originated from multiple sources (hosts). Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSes) do not tackle adequately such attacks, mainly due to the lack of mechanisms for uniform communication with distinct security systems (e.g., other IDSes, firewalls, etc.) and for the correlation, in a timely manner, of the observed events. In a first attempt to address the aforementioned issues, in this paper we propose a solution for the detection of multistage, distributed attacks based on the creation of security oriented Web Services. The solution comprises two key components: (i) a novel language for the specification of the diverse stages that compose a multistage attack, and (ii) SECCOMPOSE, a service oriented architecture for multistage, distributed attack detection.

关键词： Web services Intrusion detection Web server Computer crime Distributed computing Informatics Communication system security Sockets File systems Information retrieval

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Genetic programming for attribute construction in data mining

Genetic programming for attribute construction in data minin...

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6th European Conference on Genetic programming, EuroGP 2003

作者： Otero, Fernando E. B. Silva, Monique M. S. Freitas, Alex A. Nievola, Julio C. Postgraduate Program in Applied Computer Science Rua Imaculada Conceicao 1155 CuritibaPR80215-901 Brazil Computing Laboratory University of Kent Canterbury KentCT2 7NF United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)354000971X

For a given data set, its set of attributes defines its data space representation. The quality of a data space representation is one of the most important factors influencing the performance of a data mining algorithm. The attributes defining the data space can be inadequate, making it difficult to discover high-quality knowledge. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a Genetic programming algorithm developed for attribute construction. This algorithm constructs new attributes out of the original attributes of the data set, performing an important preprocessing step for the subsequent application of a data mining algorithm. © 2003, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, All rights Reserved.

关键词： Genetic programming

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A parallel implementation of the LTSn method for a radiative transfer problem

A parallel implementation of the LTSn method for a radiative...

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International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance computing (SBAC-PAD)

作者： R.P. Souto H.F. de Campos Velho S. Stephany A.J. Preto C.F. Segatto M.T. Vilhena Postgraduate Program Applied Computing (CAP/INPE) Sao Paulo Brazil PPGMAp PROMEC UFRGS Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil

A radiative transfer solver that implements the LTSn method was optimized and parallelized using the MPI message passing communication library. Timing and profiling information was obtained for the sequential code in order to identify performance bottlenecks. Performance tests were executed in a distributed memory parallel machine, a multicomputer based on IA-32 architecture. The radiative transfer equation was solved for a cloud test case to evaluate the parallel performance of the LTSn method. The LTSn code includes spatial discretization of the domain and Fourier decomposition of the radiances leading to independent azimuthal modes. This yields an independent radiative transfer equation for each mode that can be executed by a different processor in a parallel implementation. Speed-up results show that the parallel implementation is suitable for the used architecture.

关键词： Concurrent computing Message passing Testing Computer architecture Libraries Timing Parallel machines Laplace equations Matrix decomposition Communication standards

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