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Optimization of hydrogen yield of a high-temperature electrolysis system with coordinated temperature and feed factors at various loading conditions: a model-based study☆

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Xing, Xuetao Lin, Jin Song, Yonghua Hu, Qiang Zhou, You Mu, Shujun State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau Macau China Tsinghua-Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute Chengdu610213 China National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy Beijing102211 China Zhejiang Zhentai Energy Tech. Co. Ltd. Lishui Zhejiang Province321400 China

High-temperature electrolysis (HTE) is a promising technology for achieving high-efficiency power-to-gas, which mitigates the renewable curtailment while promoting decarbonization by transforming wind or solar energy into fuels. Different from low-temperature electrolysis, a considerable amount of the input energy is consumed by auxiliary equipment in an HTE system for maintaining the temperature, so the studies on systematic energy description and parameter optimization of HTE are essentially required. A few published studies investigated HTE’s systematic optimization based on simulation, yet there is not a commonly used analytical optimization model which is more suitable for integration with power grid. To fill in this blank, a concise analytical operation model is proposed in this paper to coordinate the necessary power consumptions of auxiliaries under various loading conditions of an HTE system. First, this paper develops a comprehensive energy flow model for an HTE system based on the fundamentals extracted from the existing work, providing a quantitative description of the impacts of condition parameters, including the temperature and the feedstock flow rates. A concise operation model is then analytically proposed to search for the optimal operating states that maximize the hydrogen yield while meeting the desired system loading power by coordinating the temperature, the feedstock flows and the electrolysis current. The evaluation of system performance and the consideration of constraints caused by energy balances and necessary stack requirements are both included. In addition, analytical optimality conditions are obtained to locate the optimal operating states without performing nonlinear programming by further investigating the optimization method. In the case study, a numerical case of an HTE system is employed to validate the proposed operation model and optimization method, which proves that the proposed operation strategies not only improve the overal

关键词： Hydrogen production

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Fault diagnosis for multi-energy flows of energy internet: Framework and prospects

Fault diagnosis for multi-energy flows of energy internet: F...

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2017 IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration, EI2 2017

作者： Wang, Tao Wang, Jun Fan, Zhennan Wei, Xiaoguang Zang, Tianlei Pérez-Jiménez, Mario J. Huang, Tao School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Power Electronics Energy-saving Technologies and Equipment Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery Ministry of Education Xihua University Chengdu China School of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China State Key Laboratory of Security Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Large Scale Generation Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Research Groupon Natural Computing Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Sevilla Sevilla Spain Department of Energy Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781538614273

Energy Internet (EI) is an inevitable development trend of energy systems under the background of technology development, environmental pressure and energy transition. Multi-energy flow coupling is one of the key characteristics of the EI, which enhances the interoperability of different types of energy flows while consequently increases the probability of cascading failures. Therefore it is of great significance to study the multi-energy flow fault diagnosis of the EI to ensure its safe and stable operation as well as the continuous energy supply. This paper introduces the concept of multi-energy flow cascading fault of the EI for the first time. The energy internet framework for multi-energy flow cascading fault diagnosis is firstly proposed, and then characteristics of various energy networks in the EI are analyzed from the perspective of fault diagnosis. Finally, future research prospects are discussed. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Failure analysis

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Modeling and analysis of secondary controlled virtual synchronous generator with dynamic droop for microgrid

Modeling and analysis of secondary controlled virtual synchr...

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IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2)

作者： Weihang Yan David Wenzhong Gao Fang Zhang Lin Cheng Shijie Yan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Denver Denver USA State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University Beijing China College of Information Science and Technology Northeastern University Shenyang China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538614280

In this paper, a dynamic droop mechanism is proposed to damp the synchronizing oscillation that exists in a virtual synchronous generator based distributed generator system without varying the steady-state active-power-loop droop coefficient. In order to eliminate the steady-state error introduced due to load changes or generator trips, a distributed secondary controller based on extremum seeking is employed so that microgrid frequency can be restored to nominal value. Besides, the small-signal model of virtual synchronous generator system is presented under d-q reference frame where virtual synchronous generator is deployed as a PV node. Moreover, the linearized system model of virtual synchronous generator with dynamic droop mechanism is derived and its advantage is discussed. Finally, a modified IEEE 14 bus microgrid system is established in Matlab/Simulink platform. Simulation results demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.

关键词： Mathematical model Microgrids Synchronous generators Frequency control Inverters power system stability power system dynamics

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Machine discovery of partial differential equations from spatiotemporal data

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Yuan, Ye Li, Junlin Li, Liang Jiang, Frank Tang, Xiuchuan Zhang, Fumin Liu, Sheng Goncalves, Jorge Voss, Henning U. Li, Xiuting Kurths, Jürgen Ding, Han School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipments and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm11428 Sweden School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta30332 United States School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan430074 China Department of Engineering University of Cambridge CambridgeCB2 1PZ United Kingdom Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine University of Luxembourg BelvauxL-4367 Luxembourg Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center Weill Cornell Medical College New York10021 United States Research Domain IV - Transdisciplinary Concepts & Methods Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam14473 Germany School of Mechanical Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipments and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

The study presents a general framework for discovering underlying Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) using measured spatiotemporal data. The method, called Sparse Spatiotemporal System Discovery (S3d), decides which physical terms are necessary and which can be removed (because they are physically negligible in the sense that they do not affect the dynamics too much) from a pool of candidate functions. The method is built on the recent development of Sparse Bayesian Learning;which enforces the sparsity in the to-be-identified PDEs, and therefore can balance the model complexity and fitting error with theoretical guarantees. Without leveraging prior knowledge or assumptions in the discovery process, we use an automated approach to discover ten types of PDEs, including the famous Navier-Stokes and sine-Gordon equations, from simulation data alone. Moreover, we demonstrate our data-driven discovery process with the Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation (CGLE) using data measured from a traveling-wave convection experiment. Our machine discovery approach presents solutions that has the potential to inspire, support and assist physicists for the establishment of physical laws from measured spatiotemporal data, especially in notorious fields that are often too complex to allow a straightforward establishment of physical law, such as biophysics, fluid dynamics, neuroscience or nonlinear optics. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nonlinear optics

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Estimation and measurement of closed-loop delays in the actual WACS of Guizhou power Grid

Estimation and measurement of closed-loop delays in the actu...

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2016 IEEE power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2016

作者： Zhang, Fang Cheng, Lin Li, Xiong Min, Zeng Sun, Yuanzhang Chow, Joe H. State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Electrical Engineering Wuhan University China Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781509041688

The characterization of the closed-loop delays in a wide-area control system (WACS) is an important foundation for further research. The method to estimate and measure the closed-loop delay in actual WACSs were proposed in this paper. Then, the closed-loop delays in the actual WACS in Guizhou power Grid in China were measured and analyzed. Also, the measured delays were used to verify the normal distribution estimation model proposed in previous research. The results indicate that the closed-loop delay in the WACS followed a normal distribution. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Normal distribution

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Renewable-load matching dispatch for isolated power systems with intermittent renewable sources

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International Journal of Simulation and Process Modelling 2016年第3-4期11卷 270-280页

作者： Shen, Ying Zhao, Qianchuan Li, Mingyang Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems Department of Automation TNList Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Control and Computer Engineering State Key Laboratory of Alternate Power Systems with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China

This paper proposes a renewable-load matching approach for dispatching generation resources in power systems with high renewable power penetrations. In order to utilise the capability of renewable resources to follow the load variations, the proposed matching approach is to restrict the output of renewable generators by a load-related bound in each dispatch time period. The dispatch problem is formulated to minimise the system cost comprising fuel, emission, and regulation costs as well as renewable power curtailment penalty. Compared with the traditional approach of treating renewable resources as negative loads, the proposed matching approach can significantly reduce the system cost by including the dynamic control of renewable power output. Moreover, the multi-objective function provides a way to study the trade-off among different costs in power systems with renewable resources. Solution is obtained by transforming the optimisation problem into its equivalent form and using local search algorithms. Simulations are implemented on a specific isolated power system with four generators to demonstrate the advantage of proposed approach. Copyright © 2016 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Costs

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Estimation and Measurement of Closed-loop Delays in the Actual WACS of Guizhou power Grid

Estimation and Measurement of Closed-loop Delays in the Actu...

引用

IEEE power and Energy Society General Meeting

作者： Fang Zhang Lin Cheng Xiong Li Min Zeng Yuanzhang Sun Joe H. Chow State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University School of Electrical Engineering Wuhan University Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

ISBN: (纸本)9781509041695

关键词： CLOSED LOOP power grids Gaussian distribution delay WACS

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Inter-turns fault diagnosis for surface permanent magnet based marine propulsion motors

Inter-turns fault diagnosis for surface permanent magnet bas...

引用

IEEE Annual Southern power Electronics Conference (SPEC)

作者： Kazi Ahsanullah Sanjib K. Panda Ramakrishna Shanmukha Sivakumar Nadarajan Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Electrical Power & Control Systems Rolls-Royce Singapore Pte. Ltd. Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781509015474

Fault analysis of marine generators is paramount to improve reliability and accessibility of a marine electrical power system. Inter-turns fault is presumably the most common fault in a PMSM and the symptoms associated with this fault in many machines are undetectable, depending on the level of fault. This paper proposes a novel method to use search coils to determine the inter-turns fault in a Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Machine (SPMM). This technique would reveal data to pinpoint which slot is affected by the fault and how fault symptoms can easily be segregated from other asymmetric problems such as load imbalance and input unbalanced voltage. The proposed model used for simulation in FEA using MAXWELL 15 is a 3-phase, 42 poles, 54 slots fractional slot concentrated wound (double layer), surface mount PMSM. In addition to the use of search coils, the proposed research also looks into the torque profile with various conditions of fault, analyzes the machine current using symmetrical components and discrete wavelet transform.

关键词： Circuit faults Torque Harmonic analysis Coils Synchronous motors Permanent magnet motors Induction motors

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Low voltage system state estimation based on smart metering infrastructure

Low voltage system state estimation based on smart metering ...

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IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for power systems (AMPS)

作者： Marco Pau Edoardo Patti Luca Barbierato Abouzar Estebsari Enrico Pons Ferdinanda Ponci Antonello Monti Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Department of Control and Computer Engineering Politecnico di Torino Turin Italy Department of Energy Politecnico di Torino Turin Italy

The accurate monitoring of distribution grids is essential to enable the intelligent management and control of future Smart Grids. Several challenges prevent an easy development of the state estimation tools needed to assess the operating conditions of distribution networks. The lack of a suitable measurement infrastructure is one of the most challenging aspects to face. However, in last years, several utilities started a massive deployment of smart meters in their networks. The proper use of these measurements is key to enhance the performance of distribution system state estimators. This paper presents a two-level approach conceived to efficiently include smart meter measurements in low voltage grid state estimation. The proposed solution relies on a cloud-based smart metering architecture, which allows scalability and interoperability among different off-the-shelf meters. Moreover, a suitable design of the estimation algorithm, using the uncertainty propagation theory, is proposed in order to maximize the accuracy of the estimation results. Tests performed on a sample low voltage network show the performance and the main features of the proposed state estimation solution.

关键词： Smart meters computer architecture State estimation Measurement uncertainty Voltage measurement Uncertainty

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Synchronization of Lienard-type oscillators in uniform electrical networks

Synchronization of Lienard-type oscillators in uniform elect...

引用

American control Conference

作者： Mohit Sinha Florian Dorfler Brian B. Johnson Sairaj V. Dhople Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Minnesota (UMN) Minneapolis United States of America Automatic Control Laboratory at ETH Zurich Switzerland Power Systems Engineering Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Golden CO United States of America

ISBN: (纸本)9781467386838

This paper presents a condition for global asymptotic synchronization of Lienard-type nonlinear oscillators in uniform LTI electrical networks with series R-L circuits modeling interconnections. By uniform electrical networks, we mean that the per-unit-length impedances are identical for the interconnecting lines. We derive conditions for global asymptotic synchronization for a particular feedback architecture where the derivative of the oscillator output current supplements the innate current feedback induced by simply interconnecting the oscillator to the network. Our proof leverages a coordinate transformation to a set of differential coordinates that emphasizes signal differences and the particular form of feedback permits the formulation of a quadratic Lyapunov function for this class of networks. This approach is particularly interesting since synchronization conditions are difficult to obtain by means of quadratic Lyapunov functions when only current feedback is used and for networks composed of series R-L circuits. Our synchronization condition depends on the algebraic connectivity of the underlying network, and reiterates the conventional wisdom from Lyapunov- and passivity-based arguments that strong coupling is required to ensure synchronization.

关键词： Oscillators Synchronization Integrated circuit interconnections Integrated circuit modeling Lyapunov methods Limit-cycles Mathematical model Oscillators integrated circuit interconnections integrated circuit modelling Lyapunov methods Liapunov function Electric circuits power grids Mathematical Model current feedback

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