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2008 IEEE Vehicle power and Propulsion Conference, VPPC 2008

作者： Lee, Young-Joo Emadi, Ali Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Power Electronics and Motor Drives Laboratory Electric Power and Power Electronics Center Chicago IL 60616-3793 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424418497

In general, the interleaved structures in boost converters are able to reduce input current ripple and output voltage ripple leading to smaller size of input/output filters, to have fault tolerance, to take higher bandwidth, and to minimize EMI from reverse recovery current in output rectifier by adopting discontinuous inductor current mode in each interleaved converter. In this paper, a phase shift switching scheme of paralleled switches for boost converter is proposed in which one inductor, two paralleled switches, and one output rectifier comprise the boost converter and provide doubled ripple frequency in current through the inductor, which can contribute to higher system bandwidth, fault tolerance, and reduction in the size of the inductor and input/output filter. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Boost converter

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A comprehensive review on hybrid electric vehicles: architectures and components

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2019年第2期27卷 77-107页

作者： Krishna Veer Singh Hari Om Bansal Dheerendra Singh Power Electronics and Drives Laboratory Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science

The rapid consumption of fossil fuel and increased environmental damage caused by it have given a strong impetus to the growth and development of fuelefficient vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have evolved from their inchoate state and are proving to be a promising solution to the serious existential problem posed to the planet earth. Not only do HEVs provide better fuel economy and lower emissions satisfying environmental legislations, but also they dampen the effect of rising fuel prices on consumers. HEVs combine the drive powers of an internal combustion engine and an electrical machine. The main components of HEVs are energy storage system, motor, bidirectional converter and maximum power point trackers (MPPT, in case of solar-powered HEVs). The performance of HEVs greatly depends on these components and its architecture. This paper presents an extensive review on essential components used in HEVs such as their architectures with advantages and disadvantages, choice of bidirectional converter to obtain high efficiency, combining ultracapacitor with battery to extend the battery life, traction motors’ role and their suitability for a particular application. Inclusion of photovoltaic cell in HEVs is a fairly new concept and has been discussed in detail. Various MPPT techniques used for solar-driven HEVs are also discussed in this paper with their suitability.

关键词： Hybrid electric vehicle Hybrid energy storage system Architecture Traction motors Bidirectional converter

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Low-voltage switched reluctance machine based traction systems for lightly hybridized vehicles

Low-voltage switched reluctance machine based traction syste...

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Future Transportation Technology Conference

作者： Emadi, Ali Power Electronics and Motor Drives Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616-3793 United States

This paper presents that low-voltage (42V) current intensive Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) based traction systems are feasible for lightly hybridized vehicles. power electronic drive as well as electric machine issues are comprehensively addressed. Five different SRM drivers for low-voltage and high-voltage machines are studied. Suitability of the proposed low-voltage, high-current drives is elaborated. Furthermore, four machines with the rating of 7.5 kW are designed and simulated. These traction machines have 6/4 and 8/6 SRM configurations with the operating voltage of 42V and 300V. Higher torque density is the main advantage of the low-voltage machines compared to the high-voltage machines. In addition, 6/4 SRMs have better performance. Copyright © 2001 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.

关键词： Synchronous machinery

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FUNCTION CONTROL - A NOVEL STRATEGY TO ACHIEVE IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF THE DC-TO-DC SWITCHING REGULATORS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL electronics 1995年第2期42卷 186-191页

作者： LIU, YF SEN, PC HUANG, SP Power Electronics and Drives Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Queen's University Kingston ONT Canada Bell Northern Research Limited Ottawa ONT Canada Department of Electrical Engineering University of Zhejiang Hangzhou China

The control strategy of the dc-to-dc switching converters is studied to obtain the switching regulators with zero-voltage regulation. A novel control strategy, the Function Control, is presented for the dc-to-dc switching converters to achieve this objective. The control law and the corresponding feedbacks are derived directly from the equations governing the switching converters. With the Function Control strategy presented in the paper, the switching regulators become robust, i.e., the output is independent of the disturbances from either the supply voltage or the load and exhibits other desirable advantages. The strategy is applicable to all the four basic PWM converters, i.e., Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, and Cuk. The analysis is confirmed by experiments and computer simulations.

关键词： control strategy switching regulator switching converters control law Regulators PWM power convertors Converters supply voltage

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42V Integrated Starter/Alternator systems

42V Integrated Starter/Alternator systems

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Future Transportation Technology Conference

作者： Jayabalan, R. Emadi, A. Grainger Power Electronics and Motor Drives Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616-3793 United States

The increasing power demand in vehicles has resulted in a need for a higher onboard generation capacity. With the increasing generation requirement, the torque levels of the generator are found to closely converge with that of the starter motor. Hence, integrating the two machines and using a single machine for the two purposes would be technically viable and economically advantageous. This results in a more compact design solution as well. The Integrated Starter/Alternator (ISA) will be integrated directly to the crankshaft of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and deliver 5 kW average and 12-15 kW peak power at 42V. Copyright © 2003 SAE International.

关键词： Crankshafts

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Effects of electrical loads on 42V automotive power systems

Effects of electrical loads on 42V automotive power systems

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Future Transportation Technology Conference

作者： Lukic, S.M. Emadi, A. Grainger Power Electronics and Motor Drives Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616-3793 United States

Demands for higher fuel economy, performance, reliability, convenience, as well as reduced emissions push the automotive industry to seek electrification of ancillaries and engine augmentations. In cars of the future, throttle actuation, steering, anti-lock braking, rear-wheel steering, active suspension and ride-height adjustment, air-conditioning, and electrically heated catalyst will all benefit from the electrical power system. Therefore, a higher system voltage, such as the proposed 42V, is necessary to handle these new introduced loads. In this paper, an overview of the systems that will benefit from the 42V bus is presented. Effects of the new introduced electrical loads on the electrical power systems of conventional cars are described. Dynamic characteristics of each load for a typical drive cycle are defined. In addition, system level issues and vehicle performances such as fuel economy are addressed. Copyright © 2003 SAE International.

关键词： Fuel economy

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On the suitability of a new high-power Lithium ion battery for Hybrid Electric Vehicle applications

On the suitability of a new high-power Lithium ion battery f...

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Future Transportation Technology Conference

作者： Lukic, S.M. Khateeb, S.A. Al-Hallaj, S. Selman, J.R. Emadi, A. Grainger Power Electronics and Motor Drives Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616-3793 United States

Due to the low cost of the battery cells and excellent performance at ambient temperature, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is a promising technology for propulsion applications. However, the performance of Li-ion batteries erodes drastically at extreme temperatures (above 65 °C or below 0°C). Therefore, in order to maintain battery life and performance, it is crucial to keep the batteries within the temperature range where their operating characteristics are optimal. The need for expensive and complex thermal management systems has in fact kept the Li-ion technology from becoming the first choice for Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) applications. In this paper, we propose a Phase Change Material (PCM) for the temperature control. Due to its high heat capacity, PCM absorbs the heat dissipated by the battery. As long as the heat emitted by the battery does not melt the PCM completely, the system is stable. In this paper, the performance of high-energy Li-ion batteries with a novel thermal management system that uses PCM for temperature control is compared to the Nickel Metal Hydrate (NiMH) batteries currently used in Toyota Prius and Honda Insight HEVs. The battery model is developed using the advanced vehicle simulator (ADVISOR) software, a Matlab/Simulink based software developed by the National Renewable Energy laboratory (NREL), and validated experimentally. Thermal stability of the batteries is examined using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for different environmental conditions, driving patterns, and control strategies. Taken together, our results implicate that the PCM is a cheap and reliable thermal management solution. Due to its low thermal conductivity, PCM is more effective if coupled with Aluminum fins and Aluminum foam. Copyright © 2003 SAE International.

关键词： Phase change materials

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Wide Bandgap Devices in Electric Vehicle Converters: A Performance Survey

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Canadian Journal of electrical and computer engineering 2018年第1期41卷 45-54页

作者： Abdelrahman, Ahmed S. Erdem, Zekiye Attia, Yosra Youssef, Mohamed Z. Power Electronics and Drives Applications Laboratory Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Ontario Institute of Technology OshawaONL1H 1K7 Canada

This paper introduces a unique quantified study about using low-losses fast-switching wide bandgap (WBG) devices, i.e., gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC), over traditional Silicon (Si) devices in the switching of dc/dc converters, focusing on electric vehicles' (EVs) machine drive and battery charger. A detailed model of the power train of a Nissan Leaf was developed in PSIM software, with WBG semiconductors' capability. The model was simulated one time using GaN semiconductors and another time using SiC devices. Simulation results are quantified and a comparison between different semiconductors in terms of total losses and efficiency is presented. The developed PSIM model can also be extended to other EVs like Chevy Volt. A proof of concept prototype for a Nissan Leaf dc/dc converter was built in the laboratory and results were collected. Componentwise experimental results are presented and their correlation with simulation findings is demonstrated. In addition, experimental results of the overall power train test bench are found to be matched with the simulation results on a system level as well. © 2003-2010 IEEE Canada.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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Effects of varying driving schedules on the drive train efficiency and performance characteristics of a parallel diesel-hybrid bus

Effects of varying driving schedules on the drive train effi...

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Future Transportation Technology Conference

作者： Williamson, Sheldon S. Emadi, Ali Dewan, Anshu Power Electronics and Motor Drives Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616-3793 United States Hybridtronics Inc. India

This paper aims at the modeling and performance simulation of a heavy-duty parallel diesel-hybrid transit bus over a variety of different drive cycles. Based on the simulation results, a comparative analysis is performed on the overall drive train efficiencies for the various driving patterns. The simulations are performed for 7 different driving patterns, which show varying results from the point of view of overall percentage drive train efficiency and performance parameters, such as acceleration and tail pipe emissions. Thus, through the studies conducted in this paper, the main goal is to evaluate the potential of the parallel diesel-hybrid transit bus under investigation. In addition, a critical parameter of the developed hybrid bus is the regenerative energy recovery. It is a well-known fact for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) that the regenerative energy recovery potential is primarily dependent on its driving pattern. Thus, if a particular drive cycle has numerous start and stop driving patterns, it results in significant energy recovery potential, while driving schedules with fewer cycles, exhibit less energy recovery potential, as is the case for highway drive cycles. Hence, based on this theory, the regenerative braking system of the developed diesel-hybrid bus can be evaluated effectively by simulating it over various drive cycles. Copyright © 2005 SAE International.

关键词： Hybrid vehicles

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Model predictive direct current control

Model predictive direct current control

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IEEE-ICIT 2010 International Conference on Industrial Technology, ICIT 2010

作者： Ramirez Martinez, Juan C. Kennel, Ralph M. Geyer, Tobias Electrical Machines and Drives Laboratory Wuppertal University 42219 Wuppertal Germany Department of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics Technical University of Munich 80333 Munich Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Auckland 1052 Auckland New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781424456970

This paper presents a model predictive current controller and its application to ac electrical drives. In a stationary reference frame, the proposed control scheme keeps the α and β currents within given hysteresis bounds while minimizing the switching frequency of the inverter. Based on a internal model of the drive, the controller predicts the drive's future behavior for each switching sequence, extrapolates the output trajectories and selects the inverter switch position (voltage vector) that minimizes the switching frequency and keeps the predicted current trajectories within the hysteresis bounds. The scheme is applicable to a large class of (three-phase) ac electrical machines driven by inverters and it is also effective under all operating conditions, including transients and zero stator frequency operation. Specifically, the very fast transient response time of the classic hysteresis control scheme is inherited. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Hysteresis

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