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Bolt-YOLO: Research on an Algorithm Framework for Detecting Bolt Defects in Transmission Lines

IEEE Transactions on power Delivery 2025年第3期40卷 1718-1729页

作者： He, Min Qin, Liang Deng, Xinlan Liu, Qing Liu, Kaipei Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Power Equipment & System Security for Integrated Energy Department of Electrical Engineering and automation Wuhan430072 China

In transmission lines, bolt fittings are critical components that connect towers and insulators. These fittings are prone to defects, such as loosening or missing bolts, due to natural environmental factors, posing significant risks to the system's operation. Drone inspection images are increasingly used for the intelligent detection of bolt fittings, yet the small size of bolt components and the uneven distribution of sample quantities limit detection accuracy. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-type bolt fitting defect detection algorithm aimed at improving detection accuracy and robustness. To tackle the issue of small target detection, we design a novel down-sampling method that incorporates both global and local feature perception, reducing the loss of small target information. This method is integrated into the Res-PANet, a multi-scale feature fusion structure based on residual skip connections, which compensates for the loss of small target details in high-level semantic features. Additionally, to address the sample imbalance problem, we introduce adaptive class weighting and a Minimum Peripheral Point Distance (MPPD) bounding box similarity constraint to better locate imbalanced sample regions from the loss function perspective. Experimental results, using a detection dataset containing four types of targets—normal bolts, missing pins, loose pins, and missing nuts—demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Compared to the original YOLOv8 model, the improved model shows a 1.9% accuracy improvement for detecting missing pins, a 3.2% improvement for loose pins, and a 4.2% improvement for missing nuts. The overall mean accuracy increased from 69.5% to 72.1%. These results provide a solid technical foundation for detecting bolt fitting defects in transmission lines, offering significant practical value for future inspection tasks. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Bolts

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Attack-detection and multi-clock source cooperation-based accurate time synchronization for PLC-AIoT in smart parks

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第6期10卷 1732-1740页

作者： Zhigang Du Sunxuan Zhang Zijia Yao Zhenyu Zhou Muhammad Tariq State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Electrical Engineering Department National University of Computer and Emerging SciencesIslamabad 44000Pakistan

power Line Communications-Artificial Intelligence of Things(PLC-AIo T)combines the low cost and high coverage of PLC with the learning ability of Artificial Intelligence(AI)to provide data collection and transmission capabilities for PLC-AIo T devices in smart *** the development of smart parks,their emerging services require secure and accurate time synchronization of PLC-AIo T ***,the impact of attackers on the accuracy of time synchronization cannot be *** solve the aforementioned problems,we propose a tampering attack-aware Deep Q-Network(DQN)-based time synchronization ***,we construct an abnormal clock source detection ***,the abnormal clock source is detected and excluded by comparing the time synchronization information between the device and the ***,the proposed algorithm realizes the joint guarantee of high accuracy and low delay for PLC-AIo T in smart parks by intelligently selecting the multi-clock source cooperation strategy and timing *** results show that the proposed algorithm has better time synchronization delay and accuracy performance.

关键词： Smart park power line communications Artificial intelligence of things Tampering attack awareness Abnormal clock source detection Multi-clock source cooperation

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Capacity Allocation of Renewable Energy Sources Considering Complementarity

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy systems 2024年第4期10卷 1415-1426页

作者： Yinzhe Hu Kaigui Xie Bo Hu Hengming Tai Changzheng Shao Chunyan Li Xueying Yu State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security at the Chongqing University Chongqing 400030China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TulsaTulsaOK 74104USA

The outputs of renewable energy sources(RESs)are inherently variable and uncertain,such as wind power(WP)and photovoltaic(PV).However,the outputs of various types of RESs in different regions are *** the capacity of RESs could be properly allocated during system planning,variability of the total output could be ***,system reliability and renewable energy(RE)consumption could be *** paper proposes an analytical model for optimal complementary capacity allocation of RESs to decrease variability of the total *** model considers the capacity ratio of RESs as decision variables and the coefficient of variation(CV)of the total output as the objective *** proposed approach transforms the single-level optimization model into a bilevel optimization model and derives an analytical equation that can directly calculate the optimal complementary capacity ratio(OCCR)of system *** studies on wind and solar farms in Xinjiang and Qinghai,China,are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed analytical allocation method.

关键词： Analytical equation capacity allocation complementary optimization renewable energy variability

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Understanding a Type of Forced Oscillation in Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverter Connected systems

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IEEE Transactions on power Electronics 2025年第8期40卷 11628-11640页

作者： Chen, Song Wang, Yang Tian, Zhen Xiao, Xianyong Xie, Xiaorong Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol Sichuan University College of Electrical Engineering Chengdu610065 China Wuhan University School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan430070 China Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Power System Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing100084 China Technical University of Catalonia Electrical Engineering Department Barcelona08034 Spain

This article investigates a novel oscillation phenomenon in systems with grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) inverters. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on small-signal stability, this work explores forced oscillations (FOs), where GFL inverters act as excitation sources, inducing oscillations in GFM inverters. Specifically, interharmonics generated by maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control trigger low-frequency oscillation modes in GFM inverters. To analyze this phenomenon, the article first examines the power characteristics of the interharmonics injected by MPPT and leverages this understanding to develop a P-ω admittance model for GFM and GFL inverter connected systems. This model enables precise prediction of FO amplitudes and provides insights into the influence of factors such as the number of GFM inverters on oscillation behavior. To validate findings, hardware-in-the-loop experiments are performed to verify the observed behavior in a system consisting of photovoltaic farms with GFL control and battery energy storage systems with GFM control. Finally, merits and limitations of this work are explicitly highlighted to provide a balanced perspective. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Characteristic Optimization Based on Combined Statistical Indicators and Random Forest Theory

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy systems 2024年第6期10卷 2657-2666页

作者： Qingzhen Liu Chao Cai Lei Wu Renwu Yan School of Electric Engineering and Automation Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350116China Quanzhou Electric Power Supply Company State Grid Fujian Electric Power CompanyQuanzhou 362000China Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Stevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJ07030USA Department of Power System Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou 350116China

In order to effectively utilize the dielectric response characteristics of transformers to diagnose the insulation state,this paper proposes a two-level hybrid optimization method for analyzing time-domain dielectric response *** optimization algorithm is based on the combined statistical indicators(CSI)and random forest(RF)*** initial feature space set is formed with 23 time-domain *** the first-level stage,statistical indices correlation,distance,and information indicators are integrated to assess the synthesis score of the characteristics,while highly redundant and lowclass discrimination characteristics are eliminated from the initial space *** the second-level stage,the Random Forest based outside bagging data theory is introduced to evaluate the least important characteristics,and the characteristics with low importance indices are excluded to obtain the final optimal feature space *** proposed method is carried out on 82 sets of data from actual dielectric response tests on oil-paper insulation ***,the final optimal feature space set,along with several other data sets,is tested via different diagnosis *** results show that the optimal feature space set obtained via the proposed method outperforms other feature space sets in terms of better adaptability and diagnosis accuracy.

关键词： Feature space optimization integrated statistical indicators oil-paper insulation state random forest time domain characteristic two-level algorithm

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Interference Suppression and Jitter Elimination Ability-Based Adaption Tracking Guidance for Robotic Fishes

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 126-137页

作者： Dongfang Li Jie Huang Rob Law Xin Xu Limin Zhu Edmond Q.Wu IEEE the School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou University the Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education the School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou University 5G+Industrial Internet Institute Fuzhou University the University of Macau the College of Mechatronics and Automation National University of Defense Technology the School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University the Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

This work presents an adaptive tracking guidance method for robotic fishes. The scheme enables robots to suppress external interference and eliminate motion jitter. An adaptive integral surge line-of-sight guidance rule is designed to eliminate dynamics interference and sideslip issues. Limited-time yaw and surge speed observers are reported to fit disturbance variables in the model. The approximation values can compensate for the system's control input and improve the robots' tracking ***, this work develops a terminal sliding mode controller and third-order differential processor to determine the rotational torque and reduce the robots' run jitter. Then, Lyapunov's theory proves the uniform ultimate boundedness of the proposed method. Simulation and physical experiments confirm that the technology improves the tracking error convergence speed and stability of robotic fishes.

关键词： Adaptive integral surge line-of-sight approximation robotic fish speed observer

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A Two-Step Approach for Multi-topology Identification and Parameter Estimation of power Distribution Networks

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy systems 2024年第6期10卷 2446-2456页

作者： Li Ma Lei Wu Nian Liu Wei Pei Institute of Electrical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Long-Duration and Large-Scale Energy StorageChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJ 07030USA State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

To improve observability in power distribution networks(PDN),a two-step framework of multi-topology identification and parameter estimation is proposed in this ***,in the first step,a mixed-integer linear program(MILP)model-based split method is proposed to recognize mixed topologies in a multi-record dataset without a prerequisite on the number of topology categories and values of nodal voltage phase *** the second step,line parameters and nodal voltage phase angles are estimated using the Newton-Raphson method based on nodal measurements of real and reactive power injections,as well as voltage ***,a modified estimation model is proposed to apply to the multitopology ***,case studies on an IEEE 33-bus system illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed models in identifying the PDN’s topologies,as well as estimating line parameters and voltage phase angles.

关键词： MILP Newton-Raphson method parameter estimation power distribution system topology identification

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Stable Stochastic MPC for Uncertain Wind Energy Conversion system Over Whole Operating Regions

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年第1期40卷 515-528页

作者： Liu, Xiangjie Guo, Shifan Ma, Lele Kong, Xiaobing Lee, Kwang Y. North China Electric Power University State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources Beijing102206 China Baylor University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WacoTX76798-7356 United States

The stochastic uncertainty of wind speed presents a great challenge for achieving reliable power control in wind energy conversion system (WECS). Due to the excellence in handling the uncertainties based on probabilistic descriptions, stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) has been regarded as a promising strategy for WECS. However, owing to fluctuation characteristic of wind speed, operating points commonly change in WECS. Thus, an important limitation of applying SMPC to WECS stems from the fact that feasibility and stability of the traditional SMPC can only be ensured at one single predesigned operating point. Regarding this issue, a stable SMPC strategy for uncertain WECS is proposed in this paper to ensure the feasibility and stability of WECS under changing operating points over the whole operating regions. A Luenberger observer is employed to estimate model-plant mismatch introduced by linearization process, while a tube-based control framework is deployed to cope with stochastic wind speed disturbance. The feasibility of SMPC is ensured by incorporating artificial steady targets as optimization variables, while the stability of WECS is guaranteed by modifying the cost function and extending the terminal constraint. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated through simulations and experiments under different scenarios. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Optimal Design of Aperture Illuminations for Microwave power Transmission with Annular Collection Areas

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engineering 2023年第11期30卷 63-74页

作者： Xun Li Baoyan Duan Yiqun Zhang Yongxin Guo Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Space Solar Power Station System Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore

This work presents an optimal design method of antenna aperture illumination for microwave power transmission with an annular collection *** objective is to maximize the ratio of the power radiated on the annular collection area to the total transmitted *** formulating the aperture amplitude distribution through a summation of a special set of series,the optimal design problem can be reduced to finding the maximum ratio of two real quadratic *** on the theory of matrices,the solution to the formulated optimization problem is to determine the largest characteristic value and its associated characteristic *** meet security requirements,the peak radiation levels outside the receiving area are considered to be extra constraints.A hybrid grey wolf optimizer and Nelder–Mead simplex method is developed to deal with this constrained optimization *** order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method,numerical experiments on continuous apertures are conducted;then,discrete arrays of isotropic elements are employed to validate the correctness of the optimized ***,patch arrays are adopted to further verify the validity of the proposed method.

关键词： Microwave power transmission Beam collection efficiency Ring-shaped beam Annular collection area Grey wolf optimizer Nelder-Mead simplex method

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Correction of Time-varying PMU Phase Angle Deviation with Unknown Transmission Line Parameters

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy systems 2023年第1期9卷 315-325页

作者： Ancheng Xue He Kong Feiyang Xu Junbo Zhao Naichao Chang Joe H.Chow Haiyan Hong State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrs06268USA National Electric Power Dispatching and Control Center Beijing 100031China Department of Electrical Computerand Systems EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic Institute(RPI)TroyNY 12180USA

Phasor measurement units(PMUs)provide useful data for real-time monitoring of the smart ***,there may be time-varying deviation in phase angle differences(PADs)between both ends of the transmission line(TL),which may deteriorate application performance based on *** address that,this paper proposes two robust methods of correcting time-varying PAD deviation with unknown parameters of TL(ParTL).First,the phenomena of time-varying PAD deviation observed from field PMU data are *** general formulations for PAD estimation are then *** simplify the formulations,estimation of PADs is converted into the optimal problem with a single ParTL as the variable,yielding a linear estimation of *** latter is used by second-order Taylor series expansion to estimate PADs *** reduce the impact of possible abnormal amplitude data in field data,the IGG(Institute of Geodesy&Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences)weighting function is *** using both simulated and field data verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methods.

关键词： Correction line parameters parameter identification phasor measurement time-varying phase angle difference deviation

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