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Decentralized control in active distribution grids via supervised and reinforcement learning

Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 137-149页

作者： Stavros Karagiannopoulos Petros Aristidou Gabriela Hug Audun Botterud Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems(LIDS) Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUSA EEH-Power Systems Laboratory ETH Zurichhysikstrasse 38092 ZurichSwitzerland Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Engineering&InformaticsCyprus

While moving towards a low-carbon, sustainable electricity system, distribution networks are expected to host a large share of distributed generators, such as photovoltaic units and wind turbines. These inverter-based resources are intermittent, but also controllable, and are expected to amplify the role of distribution networks together with other distributed energy resources, such as storage systems and controllable loads. The available control methods for these resources are typically categorized based on the available communication network into centralized, distributed, and decentralized or local. Standard local schemes are typically inefficient, whereas centralized approaches show implementation and cost concerns. This paper focuses on optimized decentralized control of distributed generators via supervised and reinforcement learning. We present existing state-of-the-art decentralized control schemes based on supervised learning, propose a new reinforcement learning scheme based on deep deterministic policy gradient, and compare the behavior of both decentralized and centralized methods in terms of computational effort, scalability, privacy awareness, ability to consider constraints, and overall optimality. We evaluate the performance of the examined schemes on a benchmark European low voltage test system. The results show that both supervised learning and reinforcement learning schemes effectively mitigate the operational issues faced by the distribution network.

关键词： Supervised learning Reinforcement learning Deep deterministic policy gradient Decentralized control Active distribution systems

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Solution to Coordination of Transmission and Distribution for Renewable Energy Integration into power Grids:An Integrated Flexibility Market

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy systems 2023年第2期9卷 444-458页

作者： Tao Jiang Zhongwei Shen Xiaolong Jin Rufeng Zhang Alessandra Parisio Xue Li Xiao Kou Department of Electrical Engineering Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin 132012China Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Smart Energy&Information Technology of Tianjin MunicipalityTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of ManchesterManchesterUK Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA.

Nowadays,transmission system operators(TSOs)encounter the challenges of securely operating power grids with high penetration of *** this context,more flexibility is needed than ever to maintain system *** rapid development of coordinated transmission and distribution technology recently,active distribution networks(ADNs)which have abundant flexible resources,have the potential to provide flexibility to the ***,an integrated transmission-distribution flexibility market is proposed in this *** the proposed framework,the energy market is first cleared to obtain baseline generation *** the baseline generation schedules are treated as inputs to the flexibility ***,the integrated flexibility market is cleared to facilitate flexibility trading between transmission and distribution *** preserve the data privacy of different market participants,an alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)based method is utilized to clear the markets in a distributed *** the energy market and flexibility market-clearing model,transmission network market clearing models are linear programming(LP)models,and distribution network market clearing models are second order cone programming(SOCP)*** the proposed method,only limited information is exchanged between TSO and *** studies are conducted on a revised IEEE 30-bus transmission network with two 33-node *** results demonstrate the proposed flexibility market framework can enhance competitiveness of generation companies in the transmission network and distributed generators(DGs)in the ***,flexibility purchasing cost is reduced by 17.7%compared to traditional flexibility supplied by generators according to the case study results,and ADNs can gain additional flexibility profit by providing flexibility.

关键词： ADMM ADN energy market flexibility market TSO-DSO coordination

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Multi‐granularity re‐ranking for visible‐infrared person re‐identification

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2023年第3期8卷 770-779页

作者： Yadi Wang Hongyun Zhang Duoqian Miao Witold Pedrycz Department of Computer Science and Technology Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada System Research Institute Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland

Visible‐infrared person re‐identification(VI‐ReID)is a supplementary task of single‐modality re‐identification,which makes up for the defect of conventional re‐identification under insufficient *** is more challenging than single‐modality ReID because,in addition to difficulties in pedestrian posture,camera shoot-ing angle and background change,there are also difficulties in the cross‐modality *** works only involve coarse‐grained global features in the re‐ranking calculation,which cannot effectively use fine‐grained ***,fine‐grained features are particularly important due to the lack of information in cross‐modality re‐*** this end,the Q‐center Multi‐granularity K‐reciprocal Re‐ranking Algorithm(termed QCMR)is proposed,including a Q‐nearest neighbour centre encoder(termed QNC)and a Multi‐granularity K‐reciprocal Encoder(termed MGK)for a more comprehensive feature *** converts the probe‐corresponding modality features into gallery corresponding modality features through modality transfer to narrow the modality *** takes a coarse‐grained mutual nearest neighbour as the dominant and combines a fine‐grained nearest neighbour as a supplement for similarity *** experiments on two widely used VI‐ReID benchmarks,SYSU‐MM01 and RegDB have shown that our method achieves state‐of‐the‐art ***,the mAP of SYSU‐MM01 is increased by 5.9%in all‐search mode.

关键词： computer vision recognition

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Switching between MPPT and VSG Controls for Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Plants to Mitigate power system Oscillations

Switching between MPPT and VSG Controls for Utility-Scale Ph...

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2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2024

作者： Ratnakumar, Rajan Venayagamoorthy, Ganesh K. Clemson University Real-Time Power and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson United States University of Pretoria Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376067

The decline of conventional synchronous generators in the modern power system is driven by the increasing demand for low-inertia/inertia-less renewable energy sources (RES), consequently leading to the growing integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) into the power system. The incorporation of low-inertia/inertia-less IBRs makes the monitoring and damping of low-frequency electromechanical oscillations (EMOs) crucial. While Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control introduces virtual inertia into the power system, it does not maximize energy capture from RES as effectively as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) does, as it should maintain a power reserve to provide the inertial support and damping. In this study, switching IBRs between MPPT and VSG controls based on an EMO index (EMOI) threshold is proposed to mitigate the emergence of EMO. The impact of the switching control of IBRs is illustrated for a modified two-area, four-machine power system with two large solar photovoltaic plants. Typical results are presented from a simulation on real-time digital simulator (RTDS) to show improved EMOI. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Synchronous generators

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A Methodology for Estimating Allocation of Electric Vehicle Grid Interfaces in a Distribution system

A Methodology for Estimating Allocation of Electric Vehicle ...

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2024 IEEE PES/IAS powerAfrica, powerAfrica 2024

作者： Subasinghe, Imanthi Kalanika Venayagamoorthy, Ganesh K. Real-Time Power and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson United States Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria Department of Electrical South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389388

The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the smart grid has introduced new challenges and opportunities for optimizing power and energy management. This paper presents a simple method using a decision-tree to estimate allocation of electric vehicle grid interfaces (EVGIs) for EV charging/discharging, leveraging the nodal capabilities of a distribution system. The future distribution system will cater for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) transactions in addition to grid-to-vehicle (G2V) transactions, thus EVGIs allowing for bidirectional (G2V/V2G) power flows need to be deployed. The proposed decision-tree method is based on nodal power flow ratings and peak demand at the nodes assuming the nodal voltages are maintained within their stability envelopes by volt-var optimization and other voltage control methods. The allocation of EVGIs in the IEEE 34 test node feeder distribution system using the decision-tree method is illustrated. The EVGI allocation using decision-trees is a simple method that can provide insights of a typical distribution system's capability to support EV integration with emerging smart grid technologies. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： DC distribution systems

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Revisiting the thermal ageing on the metallised polypropylene film capacitor:from device to dielectric film

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High Voltage 2023年第2期8卷 305-314页

作者： Yushuang He Feipeng Wang Guoqiang Du Lei Pan Kaizheng Wang Reimund Gerhard Ronald Plath Pawel Rozga Pavel Trnka State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina Faculty of Electrical Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina Soft Transducer Materials and Systems Universität PotsdamPotsdamGermany Faculty IV Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Technische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany Institute of Electrical Power Engineering Lodz University of TechnologyLodzPoland Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of West BohemiaPilsenCzech Republic

Metallised polypropylene film capacitors(MPPFCs)are widely used in power electronics and are generally degraded by elevated *** work aims to determine the relationships between the structural changes of MPPFC and the microstructural variations of the PP film during the thermal ageing of MPPFC at 100℃ for 38 *** capacitance of MPPFC has a slight decrease during thermal ***,the breakdown voltage of the MPPFC decreases by 39.4%by the *** partial discharge(PD)number of MPPFC increases linearly with ageing *** tear-down analysis of the MPPFC reveals that the molecular structure of the PP film has not been altered but has led to molecular chain scission and the generation of some polar fragments/***,the relative permittivity of the PP films rises as the ageing time ***,thermal ageing causes the conversion of aluminum to alumina in the metallised electrode,which is hydrophilic for polar groups and leads to an adhesion effect between the metallised electrodes and the PP *** angle measurements prove that the surface hydrophilicity of the PP sample increased after thermal ***,the PD/breakdown voltage in the MPPFC increases/decreases due to the uneven adhesion of the metallised PP film.

关键词： film thermal ageing

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Assessment Method of Offshore Wind Resource Based on Multi-dimenssiional Indexes system

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy systems 2024年第1期10卷 76-87页

作者： Xiaomei Ma Yongqian Liu Jie Yan Shuang Han Li Li Hang Meng Muhammet Deveci Konstanze Kolle Umit Cali the State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(NCEPU) School of New EnergyNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China School of Physical and Electronic Information Engineering Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningQinghai 810016China State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(NCEPU) School of New EnergyNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China the Royal School of Mines Imperial College London.London SW72AZUKand also with Department of Industrial EngineeringTurkish Naval AcademyNational Defence University34940IstanbulTurkey Department of Energy Systems SINTEF Energy ResearchTrondheimNO-7034 Norway Department of Electric Power Engineering Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNO-7491 Norway

Traditional assessment indexes could not fully describe offshore wind resources,for the meteorological properties of offshore are more complex than *** a result,the uncertainty of offshore wind power projects would be increased and final economic benefits would be ***,a study on offshore wind resource assessment is carried out,including three processes of“studying data sources,conducting multidimensional indexes system and proposing an offshore wind resource assessment method based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP).First,measured wind data and two kinds of reanalysis data are used to analyze the characteristics and reliability of data ***,indexes such as effective wind speed occurrence,affluent level occurrence,coefficient of variation,neutral state occurrence have been proposed to depict availability,richness,and stability of offshore wind resources,*** with existing parameters(wind power density,dominant wind direction occurrence,water depth,distance to coast),a multidimensional indexes system has been built and on this basis,an offshore wind energy potential assessment method has been ***,the proposed method is verified by the annual energy production of five offshore wind turbines and practical operating data of four offshore wind farms in *** study also compares the ranking results of the AHP model to two multi-criteria decision making(MCDM)models including weighted aggregated sum product assessment(WASPAS)and multi-attribute ideal real comparative analysis(MAIRCA).Results show the proposed method gains well in practical engineering applications,where the economic score values have been considered based on the offshore reasonable utilization hours of the whole life cycle in China.

关键词： Annual energyproduction aatmospheric stability data sources offshore wind resource wind power density

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A Comprehensive power Consumption Model for GPU Data Centers with Time-VAE

A Comprehensive Power Consumption Model for GPU Data Centers...

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International Conference of electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy systems, EENES 2024

作者： Wang, Senyao Wu, Jianhong Zhang, Ruozhu The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Sydney SydneyNSW2008 Australia The School of Electrical Engineering Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai200090 China State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819618675

In this study, we propose and evaluate a comprehensive power consumption model for GPU-based data centers that integrates the energy consumption of various task types, including language processing, speech recognition, and image generation, along with the power consumption of other components such as the CPU, memory, network, and storage. Using real GPU power consumption data, we measured the server energy consumption. To compensate for the limited experimental data and ensure accurate evaluation of average power consumption per unit time after model convergence, we utilize the TimeVAE model to generate supplementary data. The PCA and t-SNE visualizations validate the effectiveness of the TimeVAE model in preserving data distribution and structure. Our comprehensive model provides valuable insights into the energy consumption patterns in GPU-based data centers and offers practical guidance for optimizing energy usage to improve overall efficiency and sustainability. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Data centers

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Truncated Strategy Based Dynamic Network Pricing for Energy Storage

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Journal of Modern power systems and Clean Energy 2023年第2期11卷 544-552页

作者： Xiaohe Yan Hongcai Zhang Chenghong Gu Nian Liu Furong Li Yonghua Song State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(North China Electric Power University) BeijingChina State Key lab of Internet of Things for Smart City University of MacaoMacaoChina Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of BathBathU.K.

With the increasing penetration of local renewable energy and flexible demand,the system demand is more unpredictable and causes network overloading,resulting in costly system *** the energy storage(ES)helps reduce the system peak power flow,the incentive for ES operation is not sufficient to reflect its value on the system investment deferral resulting from its *** paper designs a dynamic pricing signal for ES based on the truncated strategy under robust operation corresponding to the network charge ***,the operation strategy is designed for ES to reduce the total network investment cost considering the uncertainties of flexible load and renewable *** nodal uncertainties are converted into branch power flow uncertainties by the cumulant and Gram-Charlier expansion ***,a time of use(ToU)pricing scheme is designed to guide the ES operation reflecting its impact on network investment based on the longrun investment cost(LRIC)pricing *** proposed To U LRIC method allocates the investment costs averagely to network users over the potential curtailment periods,which connects the ES operation with network *** curtailment amount and the distribution of power flow are assessed by the truncated strategy considering the impact of *** demonstrated in a Grid Supply Point(GSP)distribution network in the UK,the network charges at the peak time reduce more than 20%with ES *** proposed method is cost-reflective and ensures the fairness and efficiency of the pricing signal for ES.

关键词： Energy storage network investment renewable energy robust optimization uncertainty

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Analysis of Novel Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Achieving Better Self-Healing Insulating Materials 4

Analysis of Novel Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Achiev...

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4th IEEE International Conference on electrical Materials and power Equipment, ICEMPE 2023

作者： Han, Lu Li, Qi He, Jinliang Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Power System Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing100084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350334678

Self-healing insulating polymers based on magnetic melting interdiffusion have put forward higher requirements on the heating power of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. We designed magnetic nanoparticles of various compositions by utilizing metal dopant substitution and exchange coupling effect. Thermal decomposition of organic precursors was used to prepare the nanoparticles. Crystallographic, chemical, and magnetic characterization methods were used to verify the effectiveness of our design and synthesis. Single crystallinity was found for nanoparticles with both single component and core-shell structures. Chemical composition analysis was conducted to demonstrate the coreshell structure and to reveal the difference between nominal and actual chemical formulae. Measurements on magnetic hysteresis loops and heating powers have suggested a higher heating efficiency of core-shell nanoparticles than maghemite which was used in conventional self-healing strategies. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Shells (structures)

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