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Matching Synchronous Machine Control for Improving Active Support of Grid-forming PV systems with Enhanced DC Voltage Dynamics

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Journal of Modern power systems and Clean Energy 2025年第1期13卷 179-189页

作者： Zizhen Guo Wenchuan Wu State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

With photovoltaic(PV)sources becoming more prevalent in the energy generation mix,transitioning grid-connected PV systems from grid-following(GFL)mode to gridforming(GFM)mode becomes essential for offering self-synchronization and active support *** numerous GFM methods have been proposed,the potential of DC voltage control malfunction during the provision of the primary and inertia support in a GFM PV system remains insufficiently *** fill the gap,some main GFM methods have been integrated into PV systems featuring detailed DC source *** conduct a comparative analysis of their performance in active support and DC voltage *** GFM methods such as virtual synchronous machine(VSM)face a significant risk of DC voltage failure in situations like alterations in solar radiation,leading to PV system tripping and jeopardizing local system *** the case of DC GFM methods such as matching control(MC),the active support falls short due to the absence of an accurate and dispatchable droop *** address the issue,a matching synchronous machine(MSM)control method is developed to provide dispatchable active support and enhance the DC voltage dynamics by integrating the MC and VSM control *** active support capability of the PV systems with the proposed method is quantified analytically and verified by numerical simulations and field tests.

关键词： Active support DC voltage dynamics grid-forming(GFM) matching control photovoltaic(PV) virtual synchronous machine

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DistFlow Safe Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Voltage Magnitude Regulation in Distribution Networks

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Journal of Modern power systems and Clean Energy 2025年第1期13卷 300-311页

作者： Shengren Hou Aihui Fu Edgar Mauricio Salazar Duque Peter Palensky Qixin Chen Pedro P.Vergara Intelligent Electrical Power Grids(IEPG)Group Delft University of TechnologyDelft 2628CDThe Netherlands Electrical Energy Systems(EES)Group Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The integration of distributed energy resources(DERs)has escalated the challenge of voltage magnitude regulation in distribution ***-based approaches,which rely on complex sequential mathematical formulations,cannot meet the real-time *** reinforcement learning(DRL)offers an alternative by utilizing offline training with distribution network simulators and then executing online without ***,DRL algorithms fail to enforce voltage magnitude constraints during training and testing,potentially leading to serious operational *** tackle these challenges,we introduce a novel safe-guaranteed reinforcement learning algorithm,the Dist Flow safe reinforcement learning(DF-SRL),designed specifically for real-time voltage magnitude regulation in distribution *** DF-SRL algorithm incorporates a Dist Flow linearization to construct an expert-knowledge-based safety ***,the DF-SRL algorithm overlays this safety layer on top of the agent policy,recalibrating unsafe actions to safe domains through a quadratic programming *** results show the DF-SRL algorithm consistently ensures voltage magnitude constraints during training and real-time operation(test)phases,achieving faster convergence and higher performance,which differentiates it apart from(safe)DRL benchmark algorithms.

关键词： Voltage regulation distribution network safe reinforcement learning energy management

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power System Reliability Evaluation Based on Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation Considering Multiple Failure Modes of Components

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Journal of Modern power systems and Clean Energy 2025年第1期13卷 202-214页

作者： Wei Huang Bo Hu Changzheng Shao Wei Li Xiaozhe Wang Kaigui Xie C.Y.Chung State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology School of Electrical EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina China Southern Power Grid GuangzhouChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering McGill UniversityMontrealCanada Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

The component aging has become a significant concern worldwide,and the frequent failures pose a serious threat to the reliability of modern power *** light of this issue,this paper presents a power system reliability evaluation method based on sequential Monte Carlo simulation(SMCS)to quantify system reliability considering multiple failure modes of ***,a three-state component reliability model is established to explicitly describe the state transition process of the component subject to both aging failure and random failure *** this model,the impact of each failure mode is decoupled and characterized as the combination of two state duration variables,which are separately modeled using specific probability ***,SMCS is used to integrate the three-state component reliability model for state transition sequence generation and system reliability ***,various reliability metrics,including the probability of load curtailment(PLC),expected frequency of load curtailment(EFLC),and expected energy not supplied(EENS),can be *** ensure the applicability of the proposed method,Hash table grouping and the maximum feasible load level judgment techniques are jointly adopted to enhance its computational *** studies are conducted on different aging scenarios to illustrate and validate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method.

关键词： power system reliability evaluation aging failure sequential Monte Carlo simulation

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A Data-Driven Adaptive Control Approach for Enhancing the Dynamic Response of VSGs in Varying Grid Conditions

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IEEE Transactions on power Delivery 2025年第3期40卷 1421-1433页

作者： Fahad, Shah She, Buxin Yin, Junjie Li, Fangxing Cui, Hantao Bo, Rui Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO USA Senior Power Systems Engineer ETAP Irvine CA USA Optimization & Control Group Parcific Northwest National Laboratory Richland USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee at Knoxville Knoxville TN USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

Conventionally, a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is designed for islanded mode (IM) operation to meet specific operational requirements such as the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). However, the operation of VSG designed for IM may not meet the operational and control criteria in grid connected mode (GCM) when the grid conditions vary. In addition, conventional VSG control technology does not consider the influence of the presynchronization scheme when connected to a weak grid, which degrades the RoCoF in IM. To overcome the aforementioned challenges, the proposed study presents a twin-delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm to improve the seamless transition performance of VSG from IM to GCM and vice versa. In the first step, the VSG-based power system model is used as a foundation for problem formulation of the proposed TD3 algorithm. Secondly, a reward function is designed according to the performance requirements, i.e., frequency and RoCoF requirements, of the VSG in order to guide the training of the agent in varying load, power reference, and grid conditions. Finally, the superiority of the proposed algorithm over existing methods is validated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and RTDS based real-time simulation environment. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Stable Stochastic MPC for Uncertain Wind Energy Conversion System Over Whole Operating Regions

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年第1期40卷 515-528页

作者： Liu, Xiangjie Guo, Shifan Ma, Lele Kong, Xiaobing Lee, Kwang Y. North China Electric Power University State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources Beijing102206 China Baylor University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WacoTX76798-7356 United States

The stochastic uncertainty of wind speed presents a great challenge for achieving reliable power control in wind energy conversion system (WECS). Due to the excellence in handling the uncertainties based on probabilistic descriptions, stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) has been regarded as a promising strategy for WECS. However, owing to fluctuation characteristic of wind speed, operating points commonly change in WECS. Thus, an important limitation of applying SMPC to WECS stems from the fact that feasibility and stability of the traditional SMPC can only be ensured at one single predesigned operating point. Regarding this issue, a stable SMPC strategy for uncertain WECS is proposed in this paper to ensure the feasibility and stability of WECS under changing operating points over the whole operating regions. A Luenberger observer is employed to estimate model-plant mismatch introduced by linearization process, while a tube-based control framework is deployed to cope with stochastic wind speed disturbance. The feasibility of SMPC is ensured by incorporating artificial steady targets as optimization variables, while the stability of WECS is guaranteed by modifying the cost function and extending the terminal constraint. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated through simulations and experiments under different scenarios. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Effect of Magnetic Couplings on Conducted EMI of GaN-Based PFC Converter 14

Effect of Magnetic Couplings on Conducted EMI of GaN-Based P...

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14th Annual IEEE Applied power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2025

作者： McGrew, Tyler Li, Qiang Virginia Tech Center for Power Electronic Systems The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BlacksburgVA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516116

Wide-bandgap power devices have enabled power supplies to increase in density while maintaining high efficiency. However, EMI issues remain one of the most challenging aspects when designing a power converter. These issues are often caused by parasitic near-field couplings which can degrade or bypass the attenuation of the EMI filter. This paper investigates how parasitic magnetic couplings impact the conducted noise of a high-frequency PFC converter using PCB-winding inductor. Analytical models are presented for both differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) noise, including the effects of magnetic couplings between the PFC inductor and EMI filter. Then, three ferrite inductor core designs are evaluated to demonstrate how the core's geometry and permeability affect its leakage magnetic field. Choosing the optimal core design is shown to significantly reduce the magnetic field outside the PFC inductor, which reduces DM noise by more than 20 dB and reduces CM noise by 7 dB. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Magnetic levitation

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Broadband single-polarization single-mode low confinement loss hollow core anti-resonant fiber with semi-elliptical nested tube

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第4期57卷 1-12页

作者： Lin, Wen Fei, Yihong Wang, Ning Jia, Hongzhi Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China

In this paper, a hollow-core anti-resonant optical fibre containing a semi-elliptical nested tube is proposed, which has the characteristics of single-polarization, large bandwidth, single-mode and low confinement loss. By optimizing the structural design, the polarization extinction ratio (PER) of the fiber reaches 21,0183 at a wavelength of 1.55 μm, and the y-polarized fundamental mode loss is only 0.00086 dB/m. By changing the material and thickness of the semi-ellipsoidal nested tube, a large bandwidth of 280 nm was achieved in the wavelength range of 1.51-1.78 μm, with loss limited to less than 0.001 dB/m within the bandwidth range. The PER and higher-order mode extinction ratio of 4870, 1487, respectively. The loss remains below 0.01 dB/m when the bending radius exceeds 4.5 cm. Therefore, it is expected that this optical fiber can be used in optical devices such as fiber optic sensors, fiber optic lasers and fiber optic gyroscopes. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Single mode fibers

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Development of a High-Thrust Dual-Mover Transverse-Flux Linear Oscillatory Machine with Spoke PMs Embedded on Mover Yoke

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IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年第3期11卷 8617-8628页

作者： Li, Xiang Shi, Baoxu Huang, Wei Wu, Xinzhang Xu, Wei School of Electrical Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures Guangxi University Nanning China State Key Laboratory of High Density Electromagnetic Power and Systems Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

In directly reciprocating drive systems, linear oscillatory machines (LOM) have the advantages of compact structure, high reliability, and high efficiency. However, although the Redlich-type LOM (RLOM) has been commercialized, it still has the demerits of low thrust density, large consumption of rare earth materials, and complex structure. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel moving-magnet transverse-flux linear oscillatory machine with spoke permanent magnets (PMs) inserted in dual mover yokes (HDTLOM), which has simpler laminated cores and higher thrust than the conventional LOMs. Benefiting from the spoke PMs flux concentration effect, the flux density is enhanced, which is beneficial for enhancing the thrust and reducing the PM consumption. Then, to optimize the electromagnetic performance, the main design parameters are classified by sensitivity analysis based on the finite element analysis (FEA). Consequently, the grid search and orthogonal experimental design (OED) are carried out for the optimal selection of the parameters, including the influence of both the axial and radial sizes on the performance. Afterward, some key indexes of the optimized HDTLOM are compared with the several conventional LOMs to verify its advantages. Finally, the machine is prototyped, of which performance improvement has been validated by the experimental tests. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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Control, Modeling and Stability Analysis of DRU-based Grid-forming Converter

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Chinese Journal of electrical engineering 2025年第1期11卷 83-92页

作者： Wencong Wu Minzhi Wang Liang Tu Haiqing Cai Guanglei Yan Xiaohui Qu Haohan Gu Wei Chen State Key Laboratory of HVDC China Southern Power GridGuangzhou 510663China National Energy Power Grid Technology R&D Center Guangzhou 510663China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Control for New Energy Power Systems China Southern Power GridGuangzhou 510663China CSG Key Laboratory for Power System Simulation China Southern Power GridGuangzhou 510663China School of Electrical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

Diode rectifier unit(DRU)-based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)transmissionsystems areeffectivein achieving the stableandeconomical operation of offshore *** theuncontrollable characteristicsof DRUs,a grid-forming(GFM)strategy forwind-turbine converters isnecessary to support offshore AC voltageand ***,the active power-synchronization control in traditional GFM converters is unsuitable for DRU-based GFM ***,the stability issue for DRU-based HVDC systems involving DRU-based GFM and grid-following(GFL)converters has not yet been *** solve these issues,this study begins with the characteristics of a DRU-based HVDC system and presents a control scheme for DRU-based GFM converters for power ***,the dq-frame impedance model of the DRU-based GFM converteris proposed for the stability analysis of the entire HVDC ***,a simulation platform is built to verify the model accuracy and system stability.

关键词： Diode rectifier unit offshore wind-powergeneration grid-forming converter impedance model stabilityanalysis

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Speed Harmonic based Saturation Free Inductance Modeling and Estimation of Interior PMSM Using Measurements Under One Load Condition

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CES Transactions on electrical Machines and systems 2025年第1期9卷 91-99页

作者： Guodong Feng Yuting Lu Zhe Tong Beichen Ding Guishan Yan Chunyan Lai the School of Intelligent Systems Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenChina the School of Advanced Manufacturing Sun Yat-sen University the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) China the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia UniversityQCCanada

For permanent magnet synchronous machines(PMSMs),accurate inductance is critical for control design and condition *** to magnetic saturation,existing methods require nonlinear saturation model and measurements from multiple load/current conditions,and the estimation is relying on the accuracy of saturation model and other machine parameters in the *** harmonic produced by harmonic currents is inductance-dependent,and thus this paper explores the use of magnitude and phase angle of the speed harmonic for accurate inductance *** estimation models are built based on either the magnitude or phase angle,and the inductances can be from d-axis voltage and the magnitude or phase angle,in which the filter influence in harmonic extraction is considered to ensure the estimation *** inductances can be estimated from the measurements under one load condition,which is free of saturation ***,the inductance estimation is robust to the change of other machine *** proposed approach can effectively improve estimation accuracy especially under the condition with low current *** and comparisons are conducted on a test PMSM to validate the proposed approach.

关键词： PMSM Inductance estimation Speed harmonic High frequency signal injection

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