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Renewable hydrogen blending into urban natural gas grids with power-to-gas: A techno-economic assessment for Greece

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 139卷 380-395页

作者： Koutalidis, Hercules Pelekis, Sotiris Skepetari, Eugenia Ntanos, Christos Karakolis, Evangelos Michalitsi-Psarrou, Ariadni Blika, Afroditi Askounis, Dimitris Decision Support Systems Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Iroon Polytechniou 9 Attica Athens15773 Greece

Renewable hydrogen can be produced with power-to-Gas (PtG) systems, using renewable energy sources (RES), with minimal Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. With this paper, the authors aim to provide clear insights into optimal PtG systems’ techno-economic performance, in the case of renewable hydrogen blending into gas grids such as that of the city of Athens. Two different production methods are investigated, namely one in which the investor owns the required energy generation units, and one in which the required energy is procured from independent producers. Seven different underlying parametric scenarios are investigated, reflecting possible future costs developments according to scientific literature. The results show Levelized Costs of produced hydrogen ranging from 2.14 to 5 €/kg. Production through own energy units is currently overall more economical. Energy and electrolysis costs comprise most of the costs, indicating the necessity for considerable price reductions for green hydrogen to become competitive. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Solar fuels

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Resilient Operation of DC Standalone Microgrids: Experimental Validation of Hybrid RNN-PI Control for Pulse Load Management

Resilient Operation of DC Standalone Microgrids: Experimenta...

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IEEE Green Technologies Conference (IEEE-Green)

作者： Ahmed Aghmadi Osama A. Mohammed Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Energy Systems Research Laboratory Florida International University Miami FL USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331520182

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520199

Effective energy storage system (ESS) management is critical for enhancing the performance of standalone DC microgrids, particularly when integrating renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) or wind systems. This research describes a new hybrid control technique to improve DC microgrid operations' efficiency and resiliency, especially when handling critical loads. This research presents a hybrid closed-loop control technique that uses Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers to address the complex issues of dynamic load situations and transient disturbances. The RNN evaluates voltage errors to generate accurate reference currents, which the PI controllers then adjust to improve the performance of the bidirectional converter. Unlike standard PI-PI controls, our hybrid approach is particularly effective at regulating pulsed power loads (PPLs) and enhancing system response to transitory situations. The experimental results show that the RNN-PI control scheme significantly improves voltage regulation and transient responsiveness, exceeding conventional performance and resilience techniques. This approach provides a convincing solution for enhancing microgrid systems' stability and efficiency in various real-world applications.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Recurrent neural networks PI control Voltage fluctuations Microgrids Robustness Voltage control Transient analysis Standards Resilience

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Extraction of Common Mode Parasitic Capacitance in Balance Filter for The Prediction of EMI Noise Suppression

Extraction of Common Mode Parasitic Capacitance in Balance F...

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Annual IEEE Conference on Applied power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Qiuzhe Yang Xingyu Chen Zijian Wang Qiang Li Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Power Electronics Systems Virginia Polytechnic and State University Blacksburg VA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331516116

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516123

This paper proposes a new method to extract the common mode parasitic capacitance in the balance network for the totem-pole converter. Filter concept is applied to the balance network to predict the EMI noise with the extracted parasitic capacitance. With the proposed method, the EMI noise prediction matches the experiment very well within 30MHz.

关键词： Matched filters Voltage measurement Noise Electromagnetic interference Noise reduction Switches Predictive models power electronics Noise measurement Parasitic capacitance

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Finite-control-set economic model predictive control for a DC/AC inverter

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Control engineering Practice 2025年 163卷

作者： Kong, Xiaobing Zhang, Pengyu Ma, Lele Zhu, Zheng Liu, Xiangjie Lee, Kwang Y. Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Baylor University Waco TX 76798 United States

Finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is an effective approach for controlling modern power electronics. The three-level sparse neutral point clamped inverter (3L-SNPCI) fulfills the task of converting DC power into the desired three-phase AC power in high-renewable-penetration power systems. The stable and economic operation of the 3L-SNPCI is crucial to the security and reliability of renewable energy grid connection. Controlling of 3L-SNPCI is quite challenging, due to the strong nonlinearity and the discrete feasible region caused by the finite control set. In this paper, a stable economic model predictive control scheme is developed to achieve the key tasks of current tracking, neutral point voltage balance, and inverter economic performance by directly incorporating the economic indices into the controller design. The non-convex optimization problem caused by the inverter nonlinearity is transformed into a convex one with linear inequality constraints by employing the Big-M method. The bounded stability is indirectly guaranteed with the dynamic of the inverter control system approximating that of a stabilized continuous linear time-invariant system sharing the same parameters. Simulation and experiment concerning both the steady-state and transient-state conditions with different disturbance are presented to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller. © 2025

关键词： Predictive control systems

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Performance testing of a solar PV system controlled as a virtual synchronous machine to verify grid code compliance

Performance testing of a solar PV system controlled as a vir...

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22nd IET International Conference on AC and DC power Transmission (ACDC Global 2025)

作者： Randupama T. Gunasekara Dharshana Muthumuni Shaahin Filizadeh Power Systems Technology Centre Manitoba Hydro International Winnipeg Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781837242634

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the functional response verification of an inverter operating as a Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) in grid-following mode. The proposed VSM control strategy addresses critical technical challenges associated with integrating Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) into weak power grids. Modern grid codes outline essential performance requirements of IBRs, including voltage regulation, reactive power support, frequency control, and resilience during grid disturbances. An electromagnetic transient (EMT)-domain based testing procedure (generally referred to as Model Quality Tests – MQT) of a 50 MVA solar PV plant controlled as a VSM is presented. These tests ensure accurate model representation and IBR’s compliance with regulatory standards. Furthermore, the paper explores the adaptability of VSM controls in delivering essential functional features, such as inertial and fast frequency response, to enhance grid stability and operational efficiency. The test results highlight the ability of inverters operating as VSMs to meet essential grid code requirements, thereby enabling the reliable integration of renewable energy sources into power systems and supporting the transition toward sustainable energy.

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Single-Stage 48V-to-1V Regulator with a Half-Turn Transformer and Current-Doubler Rectifier

Single-Stage 48V-to-1V Regulator with a Half-Turn Transforme...

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Annual IEEE Conference on Applied power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Xinmiao Xu Qiang Li Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Power Electronics Systems Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA United States

ISBN: (数字)9798331516116

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516123

Single-stage 48V-to-1V regulated solutions for high-performance processors become increasingly popular. This paper presents a full-bridge transformer-based buck converter with the current-doubler rectifier. The transformer adopts a half-turn winding structure for reduced resistance and leakage inductance. Operating principles of the converter with the half-turn transformer and the converter’s optimized printed circuit board layout are illustrated. Synchronous rectifiers are integrated in high-frequency loops and are treated carefully to reduce parasitic-inductor-induced loss. With the help of recent advances in gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon transistors, a 48V-to-1.8V GaN-based prototype switching at 700 kHz is constructed, which achieves 95.34% peak efficiency, 92.79% full-load efficiency (including gating loss) and 576 W/in 3 power density with 50-A current per phase. The same hardware achieves 94.00% peak efficiency and 89.75% full-load efficiency with 55-A current per phase in 48V-to-1.0V conversion. Experimental results with 54-V input are also included in this paper, demonstrating the great potential of the single-stage solution for future data centers.

关键词： Inductance Regulators Switching frequency Windings Layout Printed circuits Rectifiers Prototypes Transformers Gallium nitride

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Dynamic Modeling and Fault Response Analysis of SMR-Integrated power Grid

Dynamic Modeling and Fault Response Analysis of SMR-Integrat...

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IEEE Green Technologies Conference (IEEE-Green)

作者： Javier Bejarano Paras Mandal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Power and Renewable Energy Systems (PRES) Lab. The University of Texas at El Paso TX USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331520182

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520199

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are an emerging technology with load-following capabilities, offering significant potential for enhancing grid stability and resilience. This paper presents the development of an SMR model by replacing an existing generator in the IEEE 39-bus system with a synchronous machine round rotor configured to reflect the operational characteristics of an SMR. The paper focuses on analyzing the dynamic fault response of the SMR at various operating levels, including minimum generation, half, and maximum capacity. Key metrics such as terminal voltage (p.u.) are evaluated to assess the SMR's ability to maintain stability during and after fault scenarios. By examining the SMR's performance under different generation conditions, this paper provides valuable insights into the feasibility of integrating SMRs into modern power systems and their contributions to grid stability during transient events.

关键词： power system dynamics Green products power system stability Stability analysis power system reliability Reliability Inductors Oscillators Resilience Load modeling

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Mixture of Experts for Recognizing Depression from Interview and Reading Tasks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ilias, Loukas Askounis, Dimitris Decision Support Systems Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens15780 Greece

Depression is a mental disorder and can cause a variety of symptoms, including psychological, physical, and social. Speech has been proved an objective marker for the early recognition of depression. For this reason, many studies have been developed aiming to recognize depression through speech. However, existing methods rely on the usage of only the spontaneous speech neglecting information obtained via read speech, use transcripts which are often difficult to obtain (manual) or come with high word-error rates (automatic), and do not focus on input-conditional computation methods. To resolve these limitations, this is the first study in depression recognition task obtaining representations of both spontaneous and read speech, utilizing multimodal fusion methods, and employing Mixture of Experts (MoE) models in a single deep neural network. Specifically, we use audio files corresponding to both interview and reading tasks and convert each audio file into log-Mel spectrogram, delta, and delta-delta. Next, the image representations of the two tasks pass through shared AlexNet models. The outputs of the AlexNet models are given as input to a multimodal fusion method. The resulting vector is passed through a MoE module. In this study, we employ three variants of MoE, namely sparsely-gated MoE and multilinear MoE based on factorization. Findings suggest that our proposed approach yields an Accuracy and F1-score of 87.00% and 86.66% respectively on the Androids corpus. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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First Characterization of GaN power Device and IC at Deep Cryogenic Temperatures down to 100 mK

First Characterization of GaN Power Device and IC at Deep Cr...

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Annual IEEE Conference on Applied power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Xin Yang Matthew Porter Zineng Yang Zichen Xi Liyang Jin Liyan Zhu Linbo Shao Yuhao Zhang Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES) Virginia Tech USA Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech USA Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong China

ISBN: (数字)9798331516116

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516123

electrical energy conversion at deep cryogenic temperatures (T < 4.2 K) is desirable for space, quantum, and astronomical applications. However, the functionality of power semiconductors within this temperature range remains uncertain. Particularly, high-voltage or dynamic switching tests have not been reported for GaN devices below 77 K. For the first time, we evaluate the static and dynamic performances of discrete GaN HEMT and GaN power IC at temperatures as low as 100 mK. We employ a dilution refrigerator connected to a custom circuit setup that integrates double-pulse testing and dynamic on-resistance (RON) measurements. Key findings at temperatures below 1 K include: 1) GaN HEMTs maintain normally-off operation and high breakdown voltage; 2) discrete GaN HEMT and GaN power IC are both capable of hard switching under gate control; and 3) the dynamic RON are approximately ~4.5 times lower than at 295 K. These results pave the way for developing power converters operational at temperatures below the current boundaries. 1

关键词： Performance evaluation Semiconductor device measurement Cryogenics Switches HEMTs Logic gates Loss measurement Temperature control power semiconductor devices Switching circuits

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Averaging-Based Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Battery-Ultracapacitor Energy Storage System

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Rezaei, H. Abdollahi, S.E. Abdollahi, Seyedreza Filizadeh, S. Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Energy Conversion Research Laboratory Department of Power Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Babol*** Iran University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Behshahr48518-78195 Iran University of Manitoba Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WinnipegMBR3T 5V6 Canada

Considering a battery as the energy source for steady average current and an ultracapacitor as the dynamic energy buffer, this paper proposes a novel control strategy based on average current demand. The methodology averages the demand current over a time window to determine battery current, combined with rules to maintain the ultracapacitor's state of charge above 50%. However, the battery current is significantly affected by the averaging time window. A small window causes fluctuations, while a large one imposes unwanted currents to control the ultracapacitor's state of charge. As so, by optimizing the averaging window, this strategy minimizes battery current stress and power loss. Simulations under an urban driving cycle compare the proposed strategy with a sole-battery configuration, dynamic programming (benchmark), and rule-based approaches (original strategy). The simulation results indicate that the proposed strategy smooths battery currents, achieves over 75% of dynamic programming's effectiveness in extending battery life, and reduces computational burden and memory usage by over 85%. The strategy's low computational burden, and causal nature enable real-time control, which is demonstrated practically on an experimental setup. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： State of charge

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