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Sub-50 nm optical imaging in ambient air with 10× objective lens enabled by hyper-hemi-microsphere

Light(science & Applications) 2023年第3期12卷 398-408页

作者： Guangxing Wu Yan Zhou Minghui Hong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore School of Aerospace Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China Present address:Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055China

Optical microsphere nanoscope has great potential in the inspection of integrated circuit chips for semiconductor industry and morphological characterization in biology due to its superior resolving power and label-free ***,its resolution in ambient air is restricted by the magnification and numerical aperture(NA)of *** magnification objective lens is required to be coupled with microsphere for nano-imaging beyond the diffraction *** overcome these challenges,in this work,high refractive index hyper-hemi-microspheres with tunable magnification up to 10×are proposed and realized by accurately tailoring their thickness with focused ion beam(FIB)*** effective refractive index is put forward to guide the design of *** demonstrate that the imaging resolution and contrast of a hyper-hemi-microsphere with a higher magnification and larger NA excel those of a microsphere in ***,the hyper-hemi-microsphere could resolve~50 nm feature with higher image fidelity and contrast compared with liquid immersed high refractive index *** a hyper-hemi-microsphere composed microscale compound lens configuration,sub-50 nm optical imaging in ambient air is realized by only coupling with a 10×objective lens(NA=0.3),which enhances a conventional microscope imaging power about an order of magnitude.

关键词： ambient immersed refractive

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Attentional Ptycho-Tomography(APT)for three-dimensional nanoscale X-ray imaging with minimal data acquisition and computation time

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Light(science & Applications) 2023年第6期12卷 1127-1140页

作者： Iksung Kang Ziling Wu Yi Jiang Yudong Yao Junjing Deng Jeffrey Klug Stefan Vogt George Barbastathis Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL 60439USA Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Centre 1 CREATE WaySingapore 138602Singapore Present address:Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Present address:Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Centre 1 CREATE WaySingapore 138602Singapore Present address:Center for Transformative Science ShanghaiTech University201210 ShanghaiChina

Noninvasive X-ray imaging of nanoscale three-dimensional objects,such as integrated circuits(ICs),generally requires two types of scanning:ptychographic,which is translational and returns estimates of the complex electromagnetic field through the IC;combined with a tomographic scan,which collects these complex field projections from multiple ***,we present Attentional Ptycho-Tomography(APT),an approach to drastically reduce the amount of angular scanning,and thus the total acquisition *** is machine learning-based,utilizing axial self-Attention for Ptycho-Tomographic *** is trained to obtain accurate reconstructions of the ICs,despite the incompleteness of the *** training process includes regularizing priors in the form of typical patterns found in IC interiors,and the physics of X-ray propagation through the *** show that APT with×12 reduced angles achieves fidelity comparable to the gold standard Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique(SART)with the original set of *** using the same set of reduced angles,then APT also outperforms Filtered Back Projection(FBP),Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique(SIRT)and *** time needed to compute the reconstruction is also reduced,because the trained neural network is a forward operation,unlike the iterative nature of these *** experiments show that,without loss in quality,for a 4.48×93.2×3.92µm^(3) IC(≃6×10^(8) voxels),APT reduces the total data acquisition and computation time from 67.96 h to 38 *** expect our physics-assisted and attention-utilizing machine learning framework to be applicable to other branches of nanoscale imaging,including materials science and biological imaging.

关键词： utilizing computation interior

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Non-invasive photoacoustic computed tomography of rat heart anatomy and function

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Light(science & Applications) 2023年第1期12卷 109-117页

作者： Li Lin Xin Tong Susana Cavallero Yide Zhang Shuai Na Rui Cao Tzung K.Hsiai Lihong V.Wang Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA Department of Bioengineering UCLALos AngelesCAUSA Division of Cardiology Department of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCAUSA Present address:College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Present address:The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina

Complementary to mainstream cardiac imaging modalities for preclinical research,photoacoustic computed tomography(PACT)can provide functional optical contrast with high imaging speed and ***,PACT has not been demonstrated to reveal the dynamics of whole cardiac anatomy or vascular system without surgical procedure(thoracotomy)for tissue ***,we achieved non-invasive imaging of rat hearts using the recently developed three-dimensional PACT(3D-PACT)platform,demonstrating the regulated illumination and detection schemes to reduce the effects of optical attenuation and acoustic distortion through the chest wall;thereby,enabling unimpeded visualization of the cardiac anatomy and intracardiac hemodynamics following rapidly scanning the heart within 10 *** further applied 3D-PACT to reveal distinct cardiac structural and functional changes among the healthy,hypertensive,and obese rats,with optical contrast to uncover differences in cardiac chamber size,wall thickness,and ***,3D-PACT provides high imaging speed and nonionizing penetration to capture the whole heart for diagnosing the animal models,holding promises for clinical translation to cardiac imaging of human neonates.

关键词： anatomy hypertensive illumination

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Past,present and future of indium phosphide quantum dots

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Nano Research 2022年第5期15卷 4468-4489页

作者： Houman Bahmani Jalali Sadra Sadeghi Itir Bakis Dogru Yuksel Asim Onal Sedat Nizamoglu Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering KoçUniversityIstanbul 34450Turkey Department of Electric and Electronics Engineering KoçUniversityIstanbul 34450Turkey Department of Material Science and Engineering KoçUniversityIstanbul 34450Turkey Present address:Photonic Nanomaterials Group Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16124Italy Present address:Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen's UniversityKingston K7L 3N6Canada Present address:Nanophotonics Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrecht 3508 TAThe Netherlands

Indium phosphide(InP)colloidal quantum dots(QDs)have been drawn significant attention as a potentially less toxic alternative to cadmium-based QDs over the past two *** advances in their colloidal synthesis methods have allowed for the synthesis of a wide variety of compositions,heterojunctions,dopants,and ligands that enabled spectral tunability from blue to near-infrared,narrow emission linewidths,and perfect quantum yields approaching ***,it has higher covalency compared to cadmium chalcogenides leading to improved optical *** state-of-the-art InP QDs with appealing optical and electronic properties have excelled in many applications such as light-emitting diodes,luminescent solar concentrators(LSCs),and solar cells with high potential for *** review focuses on the history,recent development,and future aspect of synthesis and application of colloidal InP QDs.

关键词： indium phosphide InP quantum dot nanocrystal synthesis colloidal doping

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Supercurrent through a single transverse mode in nanowire Josephson junctions

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Physical Review B 2025年第16期111卷 L161401-L161401页

作者： B. Zhang Z. Li H. Wu M. Pendharkar C. Dempsey J. S. Lee S. D. Harrington C. J. Palmstrøm S. M. Frolov Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA. California NanoSystems Institute University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Present address: Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA. Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA

Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor materials are fueling research in mesoscopic physics and quantum technology. Recently demonstrated smooth β-Sn superconductor shells, due to the increased induced gap, are expanding the available parameter space to new regimes. Fabricated on quasiballistic InSb nanowires, with careful control over the hybrid interface, Sn shells yield measurable switching currents even when nanowire resistance is of order 10kΩ. In this regime Cooper pairs travel through a purely one-dimensional quantum wire for at least part of their trajectory. Here, we focus on the evolution of proximity-induced supercurrent in magnetic field parallel to the nanowire. Long decay up to fields of 1T is observed. At the same time, the decay for higher occupied subbands is notably faster in some devices but not in others. We analyze this using a tight-binding numerical model that includes the Zeeman, orbital, and spin-orbit effects. When the first subband is spin polarized, we observe a dramatic suppression of supercurrent, which is also confirmed by the model and suggests an absence of significant triplet supercurrent generation.

关键词： Nanowires

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Three-dimensional nanoscale reduced-angle ptycho-tomographic imaging with deep learning(RAPID)

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eLight 2023年第1期3卷 198-210页

作者： Ziling Wu Iksung Kang Yudong Yao Yi Jiang Junjing Deng Jeffrey Klug Stefan Vogt George Barbastathis Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL 60439USA Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Centre Singapore 138602Singapore Present Address:Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Centre Singapore 138602Singapore Present Address:University of California BerkeleyCA 94720USA

X-ray ptychographic tomography is a nondestructive method for three dimensional(3D)imaging with nanometer-sized resolvable *** size of the volume that can be imaged is almost arbitrary,limited only by the penetration depth and the available scanning *** we present a method that rapidly accelerates the imaging operation over a given volume through acquiring a limited set of data via large angular reduction and compensating for the resulting ill-posedness through deeply learned *** proposed 3D reconstruction method“RAPID”relies initially on a subset of the object measured with the nominal number of required illumination angles and treats the reconstructions from the conventional two-step approach as ground *** is then trained to reproduce equal fidelity from much fewer *** training,it performs with similar fidelity on the hitherto unexamined portions of the object,previously not shown during training,with a limited set of *** our experimental demonstration,the nominal number of angles was 349 and the reduced number of angles was 21,resulting in a×140 aggregate speedup over a volume of 4.48×93.18×3.92μm^(3) and with(14 nm)^(3) feature size,i.e.-10^(8) ***’s key distinguishing feature over earlier attempts is the incorporation of atrous spatial pyramid pooling modules into the deep neural network framework in an anisotropic *** found that adjusting the atrous rate improves reconstruction fidelity because it expands the convolutional kernels’range to match the physics of multi-slice ptychography without significantly increasing the number of parameters.

关键词： X-ray ptychographic tomography Deep learning Reduced-angle Rapid imaging Atrous spatial pyramid pooling Anisotropic

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Non-invasive estimation of the powder size distribution from a single speckle image

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第10期13卷 2221-2230页

作者： Qihang Zhang Ajinkya Pandit Zhiguang Liu Zhen Guo Shashank Muddu Yi Wei Deborah Pereg Neda Nazemifard Charles Papageorgiou Yihui Yang Wenlong Tang Richard D.Braatz Allan S.Myerson George Barbastathis Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Centre Singapore 117543Singapore Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Process Chemistry Development Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co40 Landsdowne StCambridgeMA 02139USA ShinrAI Center for AI/ML Data Sciences InstitutesTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Co650 E Kendall StCambridgeMA 02142USA Present address:Department of Precision Instruments Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Non-invasive characterization of powders may take one of two approaches:imaging and counting individual particles;or relying on scattered light to estimate the particle size distribution(PSD)of the *** former approach runs into practical difficulties,as the system must conform to the working distance and other restrictions of the imaging *** latter approach requires an inverse map from the speckle autocorrelation to the particle *** principle relies on the pupil function determining the basic sidelobe shape,whereas the particle size spread modulates the sidelobe *** recently showed that it is feasible to invert the speckle autocorrelation and obtain the PSD using a neural network,trained efficiently through a physics-informed semi-generative *** this work,we eliminate one of the most time-consuming steps of our previous method by engineering the pupil *** judiciously blocking portions of the pupil,we sacrifice some photons but in return we achieve much enhanced sidelobes and,hence,higher sensitivity to the change of the size *** result is a 60×reduction in total acquisition and processing time,or 0.25 seconds per frame in our *** real-time operation in our system is not only more appealing toward rapid industrial adoption,it also paves the way for quantitative characterization of complex spatial or temporal dynamics in drying,blending,and other chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.

关键词： speckle size distribution

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Decomposition of dynamic transcriptomic responses during effector-triggered immunity reveals conserved responses in two distinct plant cell populations

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Plant Communications 2024年第8期5卷 1-17页

作者： Xiaotong Liu Daisuke Igarashi Rachel A.Hillmer Thomas Stoddard You Lu Kenichi Tsuda Chad L.Myers Fumiaki Katagiri Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesSt PaulMN 55108USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN 55455USA Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN 55455USA Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co.Inc.KawasakiJapan State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHubei Key Lab of Plant PathologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Present address:225 S 6th St MinneapolisMN 55402USA Present address:Biotalys Inc.2520 Meridian Parkway Suite 480DurhamNC 27713USA Present address:Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Rapid plant immune responses in the appropriate cells are needed for effective defense against *** transcriptome analysis is often used to describe overall immune responses,collection of transcriptome data with sufficient resolution in both space and time is *** reanalyzed public Arabidopsis time-course transcriptome data obtained after low-dose inoculation with a Pseudomonas syringae strain expressing the effector AvrRpt2,which induces effector-triggered immunity in ***-peak time-course patterns are prevalent among thousands of upregulated *** implemented a multicompartment modeling approach to decompose the double-peak pattern into two single-peak patterns for each *** decomposed peaks reveal an“echoing”pattern:the peak times of the first and second peaks correlate well across most upregulated *** demonstrated that the two peaks likely represent responses of two distinct cell populations that respond either cell autonomously or indirectly to ***,the peak decomposition has extracted spatial information from the time-course *** echoing pattern also indicates a conserved transcriptome response with different initiation times between the two cell populations despite different elicitor types.A gene set highly overlapping with the conserved gene set is also upregulated with similar kinetics during pattern-triggered *** of a WRKY network via different entry-point WRKYs can explain the similar but not identical transcriptome responses elicited by different elicitor *** discuss potential benefits of the properties of the WRKY activation network as an immune signaling network in light of pressure from rapidly evolving pathogens.

关键词： Arabidopsis Pseudomonas syringae plant immune response multi-compartment model WRKY transcription factors resilient immune signaling network

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Near-half-metallic state in the half-Heusler PtMnSb film on a III-V substrate

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Physical Review Materials 2025年第4期9卷 044403-044403页

作者： Shinichi Nishihaya Malcolm J. A. Jardine Hadass S. Inbar Aranya Goswami Jason T. Dong Aaron N. Engel Yu-Hao Chang Connor P. Dempsey Makoto Hashimoto Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Present Address: Department of Physics Institute of Science Tokyo Tokyo 152-8551 Japan. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Present Address: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 USA

The interplay between half-metallic ferromagnetism and spin-orbit coupling within the inversion-symmetry-broken structure of half-Heuslers provides an ideal platform for various spintronics functionalities. Taking advantage of good lattice matching, it is highly desired to epitaxially integrate promising Heuslers into III-V semiconductor-based devices. PtMnSb is one of the first half-Heuslers predicted to be an above-room-temperature half-metal with large spin orbit coupling, however, its half-metallicity and potential as a spintronics material has remained elusive due to lack of high quality samples. Here we demonstrate epitaxial growth of single crystal PtMnSb(001) film on GaSb(001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. Direct observation of the band structure via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and many-body perturbation theory within the quasi-particle self-consistent GW approximation (QPGW) reveals that PtMnSb hosts rather a near-half-metallic state with both spin bands crossing the Fermi level and with high spin polarization over 90%. Temperature dependence of magnetization also shows an anomalous enhancement below 60 K, which can be associated with the development of such a near-half-metallic state at low temperatures. Epitaxial growth of high-crystalline PtMnSb on a III-V paves the way for systematic clarification of its spin transport properties with fine-tuning of strain in heterostructure devices.

关键词： Molecular beam epitaxy

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Enabling photonic integrated 3D magneto-optical traps forquantum sciences and applications

Optica Quantum

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Optica Quantum 2024年第6期2卷 444-456页

作者： Daniel J Blumenthal Andrei Isichenko Nitesh Chauhan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Present Address: Time and Frequency Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder Colorado 80305 USA Present Address: Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80305 USA

Cold atoms play an important role in fundamental physics, precisiontimekeeping, quantum and gravitational sensing, precision metrology,and quantum computing. The three-dimensional magneto-optical trap(3D-MOT) is a fundamental tool used to create large populations ofcold atoms and serves as an integral component for a wide range ofquantum and atomic experiments. The 3D-MOT employs laboratory-scalelaser systems to trap, cool, manipulate, and interrogate atoms andquantum states. Photonic integration has reached a point where it ispossible to generate, control, and deliver light to atomic transitionsand provides a path to integrated 3D-MOTs. We review progress anddiscuss potential paths toward integration of 3D-MOT lasers and opticswith focus on the ultra-low loss silicon nitride photonic integrationplatform. We review 3D-MOT technology, building blocks and components,and discuss characteristics of the lasers, optics, and atomic physicspackage. We discuss how the silicon nitride platform can be used toperform MOT functions including cooling, trapping, and *** illustrative example of a rubidium photonic integrated MOT (PICMOT)is used to describe possible paths forward to integration. We alsodiscuss how photonic integration can support lower temperatures andatom trapping and manipulation in integrated cold-atom platforms forquantum sensing and computing.

关键词： Electron beam lithography Integrated photonics Optical tweezers Precision metrology Single mode lasers Tunable diode lasers

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