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Attentional Ptycho-Tomography(APT)for three-dimensional nanoscale X-ray imaging with minimal data acquisition and computation time

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Light(science & Applications) 2023年第6期12卷 1127-1140页

作者： Iksung Kang Ziling Wu Yi Jiang Yudong Yao Junjing Deng Jeffrey Klug Stefan Vogt George Barbastathis Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL 60439USA Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Centre 1 CREATE WaySingapore 138602Singapore Present address:Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Present address:Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Centre 1 CREATE WaySingapore 138602Singapore Present address:Center for Transformative Science ShanghaiTech University201210 ShanghaiChina

Noninvasive X-ray imaging of nanoscale three-dimensional objects,such as integrated circuits(ICs),generally requires two types of scanning:ptychographic,which is translational and returns estimates of the complex electromagnetic field through the IC;combined with a tomographic scan,which collects these complex field projections from multiple ***,we present Attentional Ptycho-Tomography(APT),an approach to drastically reduce the amount of angular scanning,and thus the total acquisition *** is machine learning-based,utilizing axial self-Attention for Ptycho-Tomographic *** is trained to obtain accurate reconstructions of the ICs,despite the incompleteness of the *** training process includes regularizing priors in the form of typical patterns found in IC interiors,and the physics of X-ray propagation through the *** show that APT with×12 reduced angles achieves fidelity comparable to the gold standard Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique(SART)with the original set of *** using the same set of reduced angles,then APT also outperforms Filtered Back Projection(FBP),Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique(SIRT)and *** time needed to compute the reconstruction is also reduced,because the trained neural network is a forward operation,unlike the iterative nature of these *** experiments show that,without loss in quality,for a 4.48×93.2×3.92µm^(3) IC(≃6×10^(8) voxels),APT reduces the total data acquisition and computation time from 67.96 h to 38 *** expect our physics-assisted and attention-utilizing machine learning framework to be applicable to other branches of nanoscale imaging,including materials science and biological imaging.

关键词： utilizing computation interior

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Sub-50 nm optical imaging in ambient air with 10× objective lens enabled by hyper-hemi-microsphere

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Light(science & Applications) 2023年第3期12卷 398-408页

作者： Guangxing Wu Yan Zhou Minghui Hong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore School of Aerospace Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China Present address:Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055China

Optical microsphere nanoscope has great potential in the inspection of integrated circuit chips for semiconductor industry and morphological characterization in biology due to its superior resolving power and label-free ***,its resolution in ambient air is restricted by the magnification and numerical aperture(NA)of *** magnification objective lens is required to be coupled with microsphere for nano-imaging beyond the diffraction *** overcome these challenges,in this work,high refractive index hyper-hemi-microspheres with tunable magnification up to 10×are proposed and realized by accurately tailoring their thickness with focused ion beam(FIB)*** effective refractive index is put forward to guide the design of *** demonstrate that the imaging resolution and contrast of a hyper-hemi-microsphere with a higher magnification and larger NA excel those of a microsphere in ***,the hyper-hemi-microsphere could resolve~50 nm feature with higher image fidelity and contrast compared with liquid immersed high refractive index *** a hyper-hemi-microsphere composed microscale compound lens configuration,sub-50 nm optical imaging in ambient air is realized by only coupling with a 10×objective lens(NA=0.3),which enhances a conventional microscope imaging power about an order of magnitude.

关键词： ambient immersed refractive

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Exciton fine structure in twisted transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 417-423页

作者： Sudipta Kundu Tomer Amit H.R.Krishnamurthy Manish Jain Sivan Refaely-Abramson Centre for Condensed Matter Theory Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012India Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Present address:Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Moirésuperlattices of transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)heterostructures give rise to rich excitonic phenomena associated with the interlayer twist *** calculations of excitons in such systems are typically based on model moirépotentials that mitigate the computational ***,predictive understanding of the electron-hole coupling dominating the excitations is crucial to realize the twist-induced modifications of the optical selection *** this work,we use many-body perturbation theory to evaluate the relation between twist angle and exciton properties in TMD *** present an approach for unfolding excitonic states from the moiréBrillouin zone onto the separate-layer *** this method to a large-angle twisted MoS^(2)/MoSe^(2) bilayer,we find that the optical spectrum is dominated by mixed electron–hole transitions with different momenta in the separate monolayers,leading to unexpected hybridization between interlayer and intralayer *** findings offer a design pathway for exciton layer-localization in TMD heterostructures.

关键词： twisted twist transition

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Non-invasive photoacoustic computed tomography of rat heart anatomy and function

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Light(science & Applications) 2023年第1期12卷 109-117页

作者： Li Lin Xin Tong Susana Cavallero Yide Zhang Shuai Na Rui Cao Tzung K.Hsiai Lihong V.Wang Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA Department of Bioengineering UCLALos AngelesCAUSA Division of Cardiology Department of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCAUSA Present address:College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Present address:The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina

Complementary to mainstream cardiac imaging modalities for preclinical research,photoacoustic computed tomography(PACT)can provide functional optical contrast with high imaging speed and ***,PACT has not been demonstrated to reveal the dynamics of whole cardiac anatomy or vascular system without surgical procedure(thoracotomy)for tissue ***,we achieved non-invasive imaging of rat hearts using the recently developed three-dimensional PACT(3D-PACT)platform,demonstrating the regulated illumination and detection schemes to reduce the effects of optical attenuation and acoustic distortion through the chest wall;thereby,enabling unimpeded visualization of the cardiac anatomy and intracardiac hemodynamics following rapidly scanning the heart within 10 *** further applied 3D-PACT to reveal distinct cardiac structural and functional changes among the healthy,hypertensive,and obese rats,with optical contrast to uncover differences in cardiac chamber size,wall thickness,and ***,3D-PACT provides high imaging speed and nonionizing penetration to capture the whole heart for diagnosing the animal models,holding promises for clinical translation to cardiac imaging of human neonates.

关键词： anatomy hypertensive illumination

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Past,present and future of indium phosphide quantum dots

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Nano Research 2022年第5期15卷 4468-4489页

作者： Houman Bahmani Jalali Sadra Sadeghi Itir Bakis Dogru Yuksel Asim Onal Sedat Nizamoglu Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering KoçUniversityIstanbul 34450Turkey Department of Electric and Electronics Engineering KoçUniversityIstanbul 34450Turkey Department of Material Science and Engineering KoçUniversityIstanbul 34450Turkey Present address:Photonic Nanomaterials Group Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16124Italy Present address:Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen's UniversityKingston K7L 3N6Canada Present address:Nanophotonics Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrecht 3508 TAThe Netherlands

Indium phosphide(InP)colloidal quantum dots(QDs)have been drawn significant attention as a potentially less toxic alternative to cadmium-based QDs over the past two *** advances in their colloidal synthesis methods have allowed for the synthesis of a wide variety of compositions,heterojunctions,dopants,and ligands that enabled spectral tunability from blue to near-infrared,narrow emission linewidths,and perfect quantum yields approaching ***,it has higher covalency compared to cadmium chalcogenides leading to improved optical *** state-of-the-art InP QDs with appealing optical and electronic properties have excelled in many applications such as light-emitting diodes,luminescent solar concentrators(LSCs),and solar cells with high potential for *** review focuses on the history,recent development,and future aspect of synthesis and application of colloidal InP QDs.

关键词： indium phosphide InP quantum dot nanocrystal synthesis colloidal doping

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Supercurrent through a single transverse mode in nanowire Josephson junctions

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Physical Review B 2025年第16期111卷 L161401-L161401页

作者： B. Zhang Z. Li H. Wu M. Pendharkar C. Dempsey J. S. Lee S. D. Harrington C. J. Palmstrøm S. M. Frolov Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA. California NanoSystems Institute University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Present address: Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA. Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA

Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor materials are fueling research in mesoscopic physics and quantum technology. Recently demonstrated smooth β-Sn superconductor shells, due to the increased induced gap, are expanding the available parameter space to new regimes. Fabricated on quasiballistic InSb nanowires, with careful control over the hybrid interface, Sn shells yield measurable switching currents even when nanowire resistance is of order 10kΩ. In this regime Cooper pairs travel through a purely one-dimensional quantum wire for at least part of their trajectory. Here, we focus on the evolution of proximity-induced supercurrent in magnetic field parallel to the nanowire. Long decay up to fields of 1T is observed. At the same time, the decay for higher occupied subbands is notably faster in some devices but not in others. We analyze this using a tight-binding numerical model that includes the Zeeman, orbital, and spin-orbit effects. When the first subband is spin polarized, we observe a dramatic suppression of supercurrent, which is also confirmed by the model and suggests an absence of significant triplet supercurrent generation.

关键词： Nanowires

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A tip-coupled, two-cantilever, non-resonant microsystem for direct measurement of liquid viscosity

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第2期9卷 23-31页

作者： Sudhanshu Tiwari Ajay Dangi Rudra Pratap Center for Nano Science and Engineering Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreKarnataka 47906India Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Plaksha University MohaliPunjabIndia Present address:Oxide MEMS Lab Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUSA

We report a non-resonant piezoelectric microelectromechanical cantilever system for the measurement of liquid *** system consists of two PiezoMEMS cantilevers in-line,with their free ends facing each *** system is immersed in the fluid under test for viscosity *** of the cantilevers is actuated using the embedded piezoelectric thin film to oscillate at a pre-selected non-resonant *** second cantilever,the passive one,starts to oscillate due to the fluid-mediated energy *** relative response of the passive cantilever is used as the metric for the fluid's kinematic *** fabricated cantilevers are tested as viscosity sensors by carrying out experiments in fluids with different *** viscometer can measure viscosity at a single frequency of choice,and hence some important considerations for frequency selection are discussed.A discussion on the energy coupling between the active and the passive cantilevers is *** novel PiezoMEMS viscometer architecture proposed in this work will overcome several challenges faced by state-of-the-art resonance MEMS viscometers,by enabling faster and direct measurement,straightforward calibration,and the possibility of shear rate-dependent viscosity measurement.

关键词： cantilever viscosity resonant

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Quantitative kinetic rules for plastic strain-induced α-ω phase transformation in Zr under high pressure

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 82-94页

作者： Achyut Dhar Valery I.Levitas K.K.Pandey Changyong Park Maddury Somayazulu Nenad Velisavljevic Department of Aerospace Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA HPCAT X-ray Science DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonneIL60439USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Physics DivisionLivermoreCA94550USA Present address:High Pressure&Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreBombayMumbai400085India Present address:Homi Bhabha National Institute AnushaktinagarMumbai400094India

Plastic strain-induced phase transformations(PTs)and chemical reactions under high pressure are broadly spread in modern technologies,friction and wear,geophysics,and ***,because of very heterogeneous fields of plastic strain Ep and stressσtensors and volume fraction c of phases in a sample compressed in a diamond anvil cell(DAC)and impossibility ofmeasurements ofσand Ep,there are no strict kinetic equations for ***,we develop a kineticmodel,finite element method(FEM)approach,and combined FEM-experimental approaches to determine all fields in strongly plastically predeformed Zr compressed in DAC,and specific kinetic equation forα-ωPT consistent with experimental data for the entire *** all fields in the sample are very heterogeneous,data are obtained for numerous complex 7D paths in the space of 3 components of the plastic strain tensor and 4 components of the stress *** equation depends on accumulated plastic strain(instead of time)and pressure and is independent of plastic strain and deviatoric stress tensors,i.e.,it can be applied for various above *** results initiate kinetic studies of strain-induced PTs and provide efforts toward more comprehensive understanding of material behavior in extreme conditions.

关键词： strain transformation friction

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eReaxFF force field development for BaZr_(0.8)Y_(0.2)O_(3-δ) solid oxide electrolysis cells applications

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 1860-1877页

作者： Md Jamil Hossain Prashik Gaikwad Yun Kyung Shin Jessica A.Schulze Katheryn A.Penrod Meng Li Yuxiao Lin Gorakh Pawar Adri C.Tvan Duin Energy and Environment Science&Technology Directorate Idaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsID 83415USA Department of Mechanical Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Present address:School of Engineering Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA

The use of solid-oxide materials in electrocatalysis applications,especially in hydrogen-evolution reactions,is ***,further improvements are warranted to overcome the fundamental bottlenecks to enhancing the performance of solid-oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),which is directly linked to the more-refined fundamental understanding of complex physical and chemical phenomena and mass exchanges that take place at the surfaces and in the bulk of electrocatalysis materials.

关键词： materials solid oxide

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Three-dimensional nanoscale reduced-angle ptycho-tomographic imaging with deep learning(RAPID)

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eLight 2023年第1期3卷 198-210页

作者： Ziling Wu Iksung Kang Yudong Yao Yi Jiang Junjing Deng Jeffrey Klug Stefan Vogt George Barbastathis Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL 60439USA Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Centre Singapore 138602Singapore Present Address:Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Centre Singapore 138602Singapore Present Address:University of California BerkeleyCA 94720USA

X-ray ptychographic tomography is a nondestructive method for three dimensional(3D)imaging with nanometer-sized resolvable *** size of the volume that can be imaged is almost arbitrary,limited only by the penetration depth and the available scanning *** we present a method that rapidly accelerates the imaging operation over a given volume through acquiring a limited set of data via large angular reduction and compensating for the resulting ill-posedness through deeply learned *** proposed 3D reconstruction method“RAPID”relies initially on a subset of the object measured with the nominal number of required illumination angles and treats the reconstructions from the conventional two-step approach as ground *** is then trained to reproduce equal fidelity from much fewer *** training,it performs with similar fidelity on the hitherto unexamined portions of the object,previously not shown during training,with a limited set of *** our experimental demonstration,the nominal number of angles was 349 and the reduced number of angles was 21,resulting in a×140 aggregate speedup over a volume of 4.48×93.18×3.92μm^(3) and with(14 nm)^(3) feature size,i.e.-10^(8) ***’s key distinguishing feature over earlier attempts is the incorporation of atrous spatial pyramid pooling modules into the deep neural network framework in an anisotropic *** found that adjusting the atrous rate improves reconstruction fidelity because it expands the convolutional kernels’range to match the physics of multi-slice ptychography without significantly increasing the number of parameters.

关键词： X-ray ptychographic tomography Deep learning Reduced-angle Rapid imaging Atrous spatial pyramid pooling Anisotropic

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