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Understanding the Delay in Identifying Sudan Virus Disease: Gaps in Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response and Community-Based Surveillance to Detect Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreaks in Uganda, September 2022

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zalwango, Jane Frances Naiga, Helen Nelly Nsubuga, Edirisa Junior Akunzirwe, Rebecca Buhuguru, Remmy Kabami, Zainah Zalwango, Marie Gorreti Simbwa, Brenda Nakafeero Kizito, Saudah Namubiru Kawungezi, Peter Chris Agaba, Brian Wanyana, Mercy Wendy Ninsiima, Mackline Zavuga, Robert King, Patrick Kiggundu, Thomas Nansikombi, Hildah T. Gonahasa, Doreen Nsiimire Kyamwine, Irene Byakatonda Bulage, Lilian Kwesiga, Benon Kadobera, Daniel Migisha, Richard Ario, Alex Riolexus Harris, Julie R. Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program Uganda National Institute of Public Health Kampala Uganda Mubende Regional Referral Hospital Mubende Uganda Division of Global Health Protection Global Health Center US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Kampala Uganda Republic of Uganda Ministry of Health Uganda

Background: After the 2022 Uganda Sudan virus outbreak was confirmed on September 19, 2022, investigations revealed community deaths among persons with Ebola disease-like symptoms as far back as early August. We explored surveillance gaps that may have contributed to delayed detection of the Sudan virus disease (SVD) outbreak in Uganda. Methods: Using a standardized tool, we evaluated surveillance and reporting capacities at all public and private health facilities at the hospital level and below in the three sub-counties reporting SVD cases before outbreak detection. Key informant interviews (KII) were conducted with 12 district local government surveillance staff and clinical staff. Focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted with community members from villages where probable SVD cases had occurred before outbreak detection. We used thematic analysis for qualitative data. Findings: Forty-six (85%) of 54 health facilities surveyed were privately-owned. Eight (100%) public facilities, and four (9%) private facilities reported data to the national surveillance system. Seven (15%) private facilities and eight (100%) public facilities had ≥1 health worker trained on integrated disease surveillance and response. Weak community-based surveillance, poor private facility engagement, low suspicion index, inability to analyze data, funding constraints, and lack of all-cause mortality surveillance were identified in KIIs and FGDs as gaps potentially contributing to delayed outbreak detection. Interpretations: Systemic and knowledge-related gaps in surveillance contributed to the delayed detection of the 2022 Uganda SVD outbreak. Targeted interventions to address these gaps in both public and private facilities across Uganda could help avert similar situations in the ***: *** of Interest: We declare no competing *** Approval: We sought permission to conduct the study from the Ministry of Health, Mubende District Health officer, health fa

关键词： Diseases

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The National Immunization Advisory Committee in China:Roles of National Experts in Making Evidence-Based Recommendations for Immunization

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China CDC weekly 2019年第2期1卷 28-30页

作者： Chao Ma Lance Rodewald Zhijie An Zundong Yin Zijian Feng National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

In 2017,the State Council requested the National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC),known as the Ministry of Health(MoH)before 2013 and as the National Health Commission(NHC)after 2018,to establish China’s National Immunization Advisory Committee(NIAC)(1).The NIAC acts as China’s National Immunization Technical Advisory Group(NITAG)—a deliberative body of national experts who advise national authorities and policy makers with evidence-based recommendations on immunization policy and program(2-3).

关键词： policy Recommendations authorities

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呼吸道病毒感染的肺部黏膜免疫应答研究

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Science Bulletin 2023年第24期68卷 3137-3141,M0005页

作者：赵敏邵菲刘臻马江文於逗张杭杰戴连攀徐坤赵欣郑梦利高福王硕 CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China Department of Immunization Program Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou 310057China Research Network of Immunity and Health(RNIH) Beijing Institutes of Life ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Thoracic Surgery Department College of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChinese People’s Liberation Army(PLA)General HospitalBeijing 100091China

流感病毒和新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是近年来频繁引发呼吸道疾病的主要病原,其引起的黏膜免疫应答对于病毒的控制和清除至关重要.目前对于SARS-CoV-2感染后肺部黏膜免疫应答的具体调控机制及其与流感感染的区别尚不清楚我们通过原位杂... 详细信息

流感病毒和新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是近年来频繁引发呼吸道疾病的主要病原,其引起的黏膜免疫应答对于病毒的控制和清除至关重要.目前对于SARS-CoV-2感染后肺部黏膜免疫应答的具体调控机制及其与流感感染的区别尚不清楚我们通过原位杂交-多重免疫荧光染色技术及空间转录组学揭示了流感病毒和SARS-CoV-2感染过程中局部免疫应答的动态变化过程,并发现相比于流感病毒感染,SARS-CoV-2感染早期肺部黏膜会更加快速地形成诱导性支气管相关淋巴组织(iBALT)结构并活化B1细胞产生较高水平IgM和IgA,可能在抗病毒感染及iBALT的形成中发挥重要作用.同时,SARS-CoV-2及表达其S蛋白的假病毒感染均能够促进小鼠和人的B1细胞的活化.将表达S蛋白的腺病毒疫苗AdC7-S对小鼠进行免疫后,可以成功诱导出包含B1细胞的iBALT,并在病毒感染中发挥保护作用.本研究揭示了呼吸道病毒引起的肺脏黏膜免疫动态应答过程,并阐明了SARS-CoV-2感染早期B1细胞的活化特点及免疫保护作用,为揭示新发呼吸道传染病的保护性应答机制及疫苗设计提供了理论基础.

关键词：呼吸道疾病感染早期流感病毒免疫保护作用抗病毒感染感染过程黏膜免疫呼吸道病毒感染

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The 1,7-malaria reactive community-based testing and response(1,7-mRCTR)approach in Tanzania:a cost-effectiveness analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第6期13卷 40-49页

作者： Radhika Pradip Tampi Duoquan Wang Salim Abdulla Muhidin Kassim Mahende Tegemeo Gavana Hajirani M.Msuya Augustine Kuwawenaruwa Michael Mihayo Felix Brown Honorati Masanja Wilbald Anthony Katia Bruxvoort Fadhila Kihwele Godlove Chila Wei Chang Marcia Castro Xiao Ning Prosper P.Chaki Yeromin P.Mlacha Jessica Cohen Nicolas A.Menzies Program in Health Policy Harvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborating Center for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research On Tropical DiseasesShanghaiChina School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Ifakara Health Institute #5 Ifakara StreetPlot 463 MikocheniP.O.Box 78373Dar es SalaamTanzania Africa Academy for Public Health Dar-es-SalaamTanzania School of Public Health University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA World Bank Group WashingtonDCUSA Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA

Background Reactive case detection(RACD)for malaria control has been found effective in low transmission set-tings,but its impact and cost-effectiveness in moderate-to-high transmission settings are *** conducted an economic evaluation alongside an empirical trial of a modified RACD strategy(1,7-mRCTR)in three moderate-to-high malaria transmission districts in *** The costs and cost savings associated with the intervention relative to passive case detection alone were estimated in the study sites of Kilwa,Kibiti,and Rufiji districts in Tanzania from *** cost data were collected using household *** incremental costs of the intervention were calculated from under a societal *** are reported in 2022 US *** data and malaria registers from health facilities were used to calculate the number of malaria cases *** simulated unobserved and distal health effects of the intervention to assess cost-effectiveness in terms of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs).Propagated uncertainty was assessed via second-order Monte Carlo simulation,including bootstrapping of empirical data *** costs per disability-adjusted life year(DALY)averted were compared to a willingness-to-pay threshold based on estimated opportunity costs of healthcare spending in *** The programmatic cost of the 1,7-mRCTR intervention was 5327 United States Dollars(USD)per 1000 *** combination of reactive and passive case detection in the intervention arm resulted in an additional 445 malaria cases detected per 1000 compared to passive detection alone,yielding an incremental cost per additional case detected of 12.0 *** on modelling results,for every percentage point decline in malaria prevalence,the intervention averted 95.2 cases and 0.04 deaths per 1000 *** average,the 1,7-mRCTR intervention averted 19.1 DALYs per 1000 *** to passive malaria detection,th

关键词： Cost-effectiveness analysis Malaria Reactive case detection 1,7-mRCTR Tanzania

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P560: Implementing homocysteine into first-tier mass spectrometry tests in newborn screening for detection of homocystinurias in New York State

Genetics in Medicine Open

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Genetics in Medicine Open 2025年 3卷 102403-102403页

作者： Xiao, Jing Pickens, C. Austin Petritis, Konstantinos Wojcik, Matthew Saavedra-Matiz, Carlos Orsini, Joseph Caggana, Michele New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center Newborn Screening Program Newborn Screening and Molecular Biology Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Development and validation of an infectious disease control competency scale for public health professionals

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Global Health Research and Policy 2024年第1期9卷 171-189页

作者： Yiguo Zhou Wan‑Xue Zhang Shan‑Shan Zhang Ning‑Hua Huang Jing Zeng Han Yang Qin‑Yi Ma Le Ao Ya‑Qiong Liu Juan Du Xiao‑Ling Tian Qing‑Bin Lu Fuqiang Cui Department of Health Policy and Management School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Centre for Infectious Disease and Policy Research and Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group Peking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology and Vaccine Research Centre School of Public HealthPeking UniversityNo.38 Xue‑Yuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Institute for Immunization Program Inner Mongolia Centre for Disease Control and Prevention(The Academy of Preventive Medicine Sciences In Inner Mongolia)South Yongping RoadXincheng DistrictHohhot 010080China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(Peking University) Ministry of EducationBeijingChina

Background Infectious diseases persistently pose global threats,and it is imperative to accelerate the profession-alization of public health *** study aimed to develop and validate the infectious disease control compe-tency scale(IDCCS)for public health professionals to fill a theoretical gap and elevate practical capabilities by inform-ing public health professionals’development *** The initial item pool was generated through a literature review,and categorized into three dimensions(knowledge,practical skills,and leadership)based on the competency iceberg model and public health leadership framework.A two-round Delphi process was conducted to determine indicators within the scale.A pilot survey was utilized for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis(EFA).A formal survey was employed for confirmatory fac-tor analysis(CFA).The weight value of each indicator was calculated using the analytic hierarchy *** An initial scale with three primary items,14 secondary items,and 81 tertiary items was *** experts participated in the two rounds of the Delphi *** coefficients exceeded 0.9 in both ***’s W was 0.29 and 0.19,respectively(both P<0.001).Item analysis presented a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.98,with corrected item-total correlation coefficients ranging from 0.33 to *** demonstrated that cumulative vari-ance explanations for the four primary dimensions(knowledge,practical skills,leadership,and personal quality)were 77.463%,73.976%,81.174%,and 68.654%,*** indicated that all composite reliability values and aver-age variance extracted surpassed 0.8 and 0.5,*** standardized factor loadings of the items ranged from 0.630 to *** the seven model fit indices,each of the four dimensions satisfied at least five criteria.A final three-level scale comprising four primary items,14 secondary items,and 64 tertiary items was *** weight values for the four primary it

关键词： Public health professionals Infectious diseases Competency Delphi Exploratory factor analysis

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Physiologically based serum ferritin thresholds for iron deficiency among women and children from Africa, Asia, Europe, and central America: a multinational comparative study

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The Lancet Global Health 2025年第5期13卷 e831-e842页

作者： Addo, O Yaw Mei, Zuguo Jefferds, Maria Elena D Jenkins, Mica Flores-Ayala, Rafael Williams, Anne M Young, Melissa Fox Luo, Hanqi Ko, Yi-An Papassotiriou, Ioannis Palmieri, Mireya Mesarina, Karla Bhutta, Zulfiqar Suchdev, Parminder S Brittenham, Gary M Nutrition Branch International Micronutrient Malnutrition Prevention and Control Program (IMMPaCt) Team National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Analysis Branch National Center for Health Statistics US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hyattsville MD United States Hubert Department of Global Health Emory University Rollins School of Public Health Atlanta GA United States Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Emory University Rollins School of Public Health Atlanta GA United States Department of Paediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA United States First Department of Paediatrics National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine Athens Greece Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá – INCAP Guatemala City Guatemala Secretariat of Food and Nutrition Security (SESAN) Guatemala City Guatemala Institute for Global Health & Development The Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan Division of Global Health Protection US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Central America Regional Office Guatemala City Guatemala Department of Paediatrics College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York NY United States

Background: Diagnosis of iron deficiency commonly relies on measurement of serum ferritin concentrations. WHO guidelines identify serum ferritin thresholds for iron deficiency among healthy individuals of less than 15 μg/L for women and less than 12 μg/L for children under 5 years, based on expert opinion. We report thresholds for iron deficiency for apparently healthy non-pregnant women and young children based on physiological indicators. Methods: We performed secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from women (aged 15–49 years) and children (aged 6–59 months) from 12 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and central America from available surveys (2007–19). Using haemoglobin and soluble transferrin receptor concentrations as individual-level indicators of iron deficiency, we identified country-specific serum ferritin thresholds. We conducted multivariate meta-analysis using individual participant data to assess multinational heterogeneity and intercountry consistency. Findings: Data were collected from July, 2007 to March, 2019. 18 251 individuals (13 864 women and 4387 children) were included in the final analysis. The thresholds of pooled serum ferritin levels corresponding to the starting point of decline in circulating haemoglobin concentrations were 24·8 μg/L (95% CI 24·4–25·2) for women and 22·1 μg/L (20·8–23·4) for children based on the national survey data from 12 countries. The thresholds were consistent among countries (p_{heterogeneity}: women=0·73, children=0·43) but median serum ferritin concentrations and lower 5% reference ranges differed. In all countries, the prevalence of iron deficiency was higher using physiologically based thresholds than that using WHO current guidelines for women (36·0% [95% CI 25·3–46·8] vs 20·1% [11·5–28·7], p<0·0001) and for children (34·2% [24·3–44·1] vs 16·6% [11·2–22·0], p<0·0001). Interpretation: These results provide evidence that the prevalence of iron deficiency as indicated by physiological measures is su

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Opportunities, challenges, and future directions for simulation modeling the effects of structural racism on cancer mortality in the United States: a scoping review

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Journal of the National Cancer Institute - Monographs 2023年第62期2023卷 231-245页

作者： Jayasekera, Jinani El Kefi, Safa Fernandez, Jessica R. Wojcik, Kaitlyn M. Woo, Jennifer M.P. Ezeani, Adaora Ish, Jennifer L. Bhattacharya, Manami Ogunsina, Kemi Chang, Che-Jung Cohen, Camryn M. Ponce, Stephanie Kamil, Dalya Zhang, Julia Le, Randy Ramanathan, Amrita L. Butera, Gisela Chapman, Christina Grant, Shakira J. Lewis-Thames, Marquita W. Dash, Chiranjeev Bethea, Traci N. Forde, Allana T. Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD United States NYU Langone Health New York University New York NY USA Epidemiology Branch at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences at the National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD United States Health Behaviors Research Branch of the Behavioral Research Program Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute Rockville MD United States Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program Division of Cancer Prevention the Surveillance Research Program Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute Rockville MD United States Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Rockville MD United States Sophomore at Williams College Williamstown MA United States Diabetes Endocrinology Obesity Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD United States Office of Research Services National Institutes of Health Library Bethesda MD United States Department of Radiation Oncology Baylor College of Medicine the Center for Innovations in Quality Safety in the Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine and the Houston Veterans Affairs Houston TX United States Department of Medicine Division of Hematology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC United States Department of Medical Social Science Center for Community Health at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL United States Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research at the Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center WA United States

Purpose: Structural racism could contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in cancer mortality via its broad effects on housing, economic opportunities, and health care. However, there has been limited focus on incorporating structural racism into simulation models designed to identify practice and policy strategies to support health equity. We reviewed studies evaluating structural racism and cancer mortality disparities to highlight opportunities, challenges, and future directions to capture this broad concept in simulation modeling research. Methods: We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review Extension guidelines. Articles published between 2018 and 2023 were searched including terms related to race, ethnicity, cancer-specific and all-cause mortality, and structural racism. We included studies evaluating the effects of structural racism on racial and ethnic disparities in cancer mortality in the United States. Results: A total of 8345 articles were identified, and 183 articles were included. Studies used different measures, data sources, and methods. For example, in 20 studies, racial residential segregation, one component of structural racism, was measured by indices of dissimilarity, concentration at the extremes, redlining, or isolation. Data sources included cancer registries, claims, or institutional data linked to area-level metrics from the US census or historical mortgage data. Segregation was associated with worse survival. Nine studies were location specific, and the segregation measures were developed for Black, Hispanic, and White residents. Conclusions: A range of measures and data sources are available to capture the effects of structural racism. We provide a set of recommendations for best practices for modelers to consider when incorporating the effects of structural racism into simulation models. © 2023 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

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Cardiotoxic Atrial Fibrillation With Novel Cancer Treatment: More Relevant Than We Think

JACC: Advances

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JACC: Advances 2023年第8期2卷 100603-100603页

作者： Addison, Daniel Shaaban, Adnan Habib, Alma Cardio-Oncology Program Division of Cardiology The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus OH United States Division of Cancer Prevention and Control The Ohio State University Columbus OH United States Division of Hematology The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus OH United States

Corresponding Author

关键词： atrial fibrillation BTK inhibitors cardio-oncology cardiotoxicity ibrutinib

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Construction and Characterization of a Novel Recombinant Attenuated and Replication-Deficient Candidate Human Adenovirus Type 3 Vaccine:"Adenovirus Vaccine Within an Adenovirus Vector"

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第3期36卷 354-364页

作者： Yuqian Yan Shuping Jing Liqiang Feng Jing Zhang Zhiwei Zeng Min Li Shan Zhao Junxian Ou Wendong Lan Wenyi Guan Xiaowei Wu Jianguo Wu Donald Seto Qiwei Zhang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research School of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Microbiological Laboratory Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and PreventionZhuhai 519000China Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510530China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology Institute of Medical MicrobiologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program School of Systems BiologyGeorge Mason UniversityManassasVA 20110USA

Human adenoviruses(HAd Vs)are highly contagious and result in large number of acute respiratory disease(ARD)cases with severe morbidity and *** adenovirus type 3(HAd V-3)is the most common type that causes ARD outbreaks in Asia,Europe,and the ***,there is currently no vaccine approved for its general *** hexon protein contains the main neutralizing epitopes,provoking strong and lasting *** this study,a novel recombinant and attenuated adenovirus vaccine candidate against HAd V-3 was constructed based on a commercially-available replication-defective HAd V-5 gene therapy and vaccine *** entire HAd V-3 hexon gene was integrated into the E1 region of the vector by homologous recombination using a bacterial *** resultant recombinants expressing the HAd V-3 hexon protein were rescued in AD293 cells,identified and characterized by RT-PCR,Western blots,indirect immunofluorescence,and electron *** potential vaccine candidate had a similar replicative efficacy as the wild-type HAd V-3 ***,and importantly,the vaccine strain had been rendered replication-defective and was incapable of replication in A549 cells after more than twentygeneration passages in AD293 *** represents a significant safety *** mice immunized both intranasally and intramuscularly by this vaccine candidate raised significant neutralizing antibodies against HAd ***,this recombinant,attenuated,and safe adenovirus vaccine is a promising HAd V-3 vaccine *** strategy of using a clinically approved and replication-defective HAd V-5 vector provides a novel approach to develop universal adenovirus vaccine candidates against all the other types of adenoviruses causing ARDs and perhaps other adenovirus-associated diseases.

关键词： Adenovirus vaccine Human adenovirus type 3(HAdV-3) Replication-deficient adenovirus vector Immunity in BALB/c mice Recombination

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