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Discordant results of tests for tuberculosis reconsidered - Authors' reply

The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2022年第2期22卷 164-165页

作者： Christine S Ho Pei-Jean Feng Masahiro Narita Jason E Stout Michael Chen Lisa Pascopella Richard Garfein Randall Reves Dolly J Katz US Embassy Panchsheel Marg Shantipath Chanakyapuri New Delhi Delhi 110021 India Division of Tuberculosis Elimination US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA. Electronic address: gtb9@cdc.gov. Division of Tuberculosis Elimination US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA. TB Control Program Public Health-Seattle and King County Seattle WA USA. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA. Tuberculosis Control Branch Division of Communicable Disease Control Center for Infectious Diseases California Department of Public Health Richmond CA USA. Division of Global Public Health School of Medicine University of California San Diego CA USA. Denver Health and Hospital Authority Denver CO USA.

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Pyrolysis mechanism of different thermal aging of PVC insulation copper cable for home decoration

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Thermochimica Acta 2023年 729卷

作者： Deng, Jun Yu, Kai-Lin Wang, Cai-Ping Chen, Li-Juan Lyu, Hui-Fei Shu, Chi-Min 58 Yanta Mid. Rd. Shaanxi Xi’ an710054 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire XUST 58 Yanta Mid. Rd. Shaanxi Xi’ an710054 China Postdoctoral Program XUST 58 Yanta Mid. Rd. Shaanxi Xi’ an710054 China Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Taiwan Yunlin64002 Taiwan

Thermal aging produces irreversible aging to home decoration PVC insulation copper cables through high temperatures, and their pyrolytic behavior changes as a result. The thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared analysis, the model-free method and the Málek method were used to investigate the effect of thermal aging on the pyrolysis mechanism of domestic PVC insulation copper cables. It was found that pyrolysis is more easily to occur in aged cables, and 20 days of aging is the most dangerous threshold for the pyrolysis of ZR-BVR cable insulation. The pyrolysis release gases were mainly concentrated in the temperature intervals of 270-340 and 400-700°C. In addition, it should be noted that different degrees of thermal aging affect the pyrolysis behavior of cable insulation but have little effect on the pyrolysis mechanism. © 2023

关键词： Thermal aging

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Tracking diseases related to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001

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Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 2023年第5期78卷

作者： Geoffrey M. Calvert World Trade Center Health Program National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Cincinnati Ohio USA

Accurate, timely, and complete disease reporting is essential to understanding the extent and long-term consequences of diseases related to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11). Although there are no public health disease reporting requirements that specifically mention 9/11, other mechanisms exist to track 9/11-related illnesses. These include the availability of 9/11-exposed cohorts, some open to new member recruitment and others closed. Record linkages of 9/11 cohorts to various data registries (eg statewide cancer registries and the National Death Index) are periodically performed. This paper describes these 9/11 cohorts and the efforts to track their health experience.

关键词： 9/11 cancer registry chemical exposure disease tracking dust FDNY health registry mortality public health surveillance responder survivor terrorist attack World Trade Center

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The World Trade Center Health program: Smoking cessation

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Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 2023年第4期78卷

作者： Gerald Lilly Geoffrey M. Calvert World Trade Center Health Program National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Cincinnati OH USA

Cigarette smoking can cause and/or worsen a variety of health conditions. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that smoking cessation services be offered to all adults who currently smoke, and governmental and non-governmental professional organizations support providing these interventions to patients who smoke. The World Trade Center (WTC) Health program, a federal program that provides health monitoring and treatment to those directed exposed to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, provides smoking cessation therapy for eligible members. This paper identifies treatment strategies for smoking cessation and references the treatment coverage policy in the WTC Health program. In addition, this paper notes the higher smoking prevalence among those with mental health conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the need for heightened cessation efforts given the lower quit success rates among such persons.

关键词： Cigarette smoking clinical practice guidelines PTSD mortality smoking smoking cessation tobacco tobacco dependence tobacco use World Trade Center Health program 9/11 Terrorist Attacks

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Evaluation of Contingency Actions to control the Spread of Raccoon Rabies in Ohio and Virginia

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Davis, Amy J. Chipman, Richard B. Nelson, Kathleen M. Haley, Betsy S. Kirby, Jordona D. Ma, Xiaoyue Wallace, Ryan M. Gilbert, Amy T. United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Fort CollinsCO80521 United States United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services National Rabies Management Program ConcordNH03301 United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AtlantaGA30333 United States

The raccoon (Procyon lotor) rabies virus (RABV) variant is enzootic in the eastern United States and oral rabies vaccination (ORV) is the primary strategy to prevent and control spread. Breaches of ORV management zones occasionally occur, and emergency "contingency" responses may be implemented to enhance local control. Contingency actions are an integral part of landscape-scale wildlife rabies management but can be very costly and routinely involve enhanced rabies surveillance (ERS) around the index case. We investigated two contingency actions in Ohio (2017-2019 and 2018-2021) and one in Virginia (2017-2019) using a dynamic, multi-method occupancy approach to examine relationships between specific management actions and raccoon RABV occurrence, including whether spatial ERS response efforts were adequate to detect additional cases around the index. Raccoon RABV occupancy was assessed seasonally at 100-km2 grids, and we examined relationships across three spatial scales (regional management zone, areas west of the management zone, and local contingency area). The location of a grid relative to the ORV management zone was the strongest predictor of RABV occupancy at the regional scale. West of managed areas, the neighbor effect and temporal variability were most important in influencing RABV occupancy. Parenteral (hand) vaccination of raccoons was important across all three contingency action areas, but more influential during the Ohio contingency action areas where more raccoons were vaccinated by hand. In the Virginia contingency action area, ORV strategies were as important in reducing RABV occupancy as a strategy of hand vaccination. Management actions to trap, euthanize, and test (TET) raccoons were particularly important for ERS but the impacts of TET on RABV occupancy are not clear. The probability of detecting additional cases of RABV was exceptionally high during the season the index case occurred. The probability of detecting RABV through ERS declined in t

关键词： Viruses

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Racial and ethnic disparities in the perceived neighborhood walking environment and self-reported sleep health: A nationally representative sample of the United States

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Sleep Health 2025年

作者： Adjaye-Gbewonyo, Dzifa Ng, Amanda E. Johnson, Dayna A. Jackson, Chandra L. National Center for Health Statistics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hyattsville MD United States Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA United States Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health Triangle Park NC United States Intramural Program National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD United States

Objectives: To identify associations between perceived neighborhood walkability and sleep across racial and ethnic groups of US adults. Methods: Data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey (N = 27,521) were used to assess self-reported measures of walkability (pedestrian access, accessible amenities, unsafe walking conditions) and sleep (short and long duration;frequency of waking up unrested, trouble falling and staying asleep, sleep medication use). Stratified by racial and ethnic group, we calculated the age-adjusted prevalence of neighborhood walkability features and sleep measures and estimated prevalence ratios assessing associations between neighborhood walkability and sleep while adjusting for sociodemographic and health covariates. Results: The prevalence of unsafe walking conditions due to crime was lowest among non-Hispanic White adults (6.9%), and access to places to relax was lowest among non-Hispanic Black adults (72.5%). The prevalence of short sleep duration was highest among non-Hispanic Black adults (37.9%). Neighborhood environment features had differential associations with sleep when stratified by race and ethnicity. For example, walking path access was related to lower sleep medication use among non-Hispanic Asian adults (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19-0.91) but greater use among non-Hispanic White adults (aPR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05-1.46). More associations were observed among non-Hispanic White adults than other groups;and the strongest magnitude of association was observed among non-Hispanic Asian adults (traffic and sleep medication aPR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12-0.84). Conclusions: Associations between the neighborhood environment and sleep vary and may be inconsistent by race and ethnicity. Future research may help identify determinants. © 2025

关键词： Built environment Health disparities National Health Interview Survey Sleep disturbances Sleep duration Walkability

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Rapid and accurate mosquito abundance forecasting with Aedes-AI neural networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kinney, Adrienne C. Barrera, Roberto Lega, Joceline Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics The University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Mathematics The University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics The University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States BIO5 Institute The University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Entomology and Ecology Activity Dengue Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1324 Calle Cañada Puerto Rico San Juan00920 Puerto Rico

We present a method to convert weather data into probabilistic forecasts of Aedes aegypti abundance. The approach, which relies on the Aedes-AI suite of neural networks, produces weekly point predictions with corresponding uncertainty estimates. Once calibrated on past trap and weather data, the model is designed to use weather forecasts to estimate future trap catches. We demonstrate that when reliable input data are used, the resulting predictions have high skill. This technique may therefore be used to supplement vector surveillance efforts or identify periods of elevated risk for vector-borne disease outbreaks. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Prediction models

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Experiences with Postdoctoral Training in Human Factors: Mentor and Trainee Perspectives 67th

Experiences with Postdoctoral Training in Human Factors: Men...

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67th International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, HFES 2023

作者： Caine, Kelly Catchpole, Ken Sasangohar, Farzan Chen, Karen B. Hegde, Sudeep Souders, Dustin McDonald, Anthony McLaurin, Elease J. Clemson University School of Computing ClemsonSC United States Medical University of South Carolina Clinical Practice and Human Factors CharlestonSC United States Texas A&M University Industrial and Systems Engineering CentralSC United States North Carolina State University Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering RaleighNC United States Clemson University Department of Industrial Engineering CentralSC United States Clemson University Psychology Department ClemsonSC United States University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering MadisonWI United States Oak Ridge Institute for Science & Education Fellowship Program Centers for Disease Control & Prevention PhiladelphiaPA United States

Postdoctoral training positions are becoming more common in the human factors and ergonomics (HFE) discipline. However, conversations related to training in the HFE discipline have largely focused on undergraduate and graduate education. This panel assembles both postdoctoral mentors and former trainees who collectively have a diverse set of HFE-related postdoctoral experiences. By panelists discussing their experiences, observations, and recommendations related to postdoctoral training with the audience, the panel session will support HFE faculty and students in making more informed decisions about if and how a postdoctoral experience (either as a mentor or trainee) could be a part of their career development in HFE. © 2023 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

关键词： education human factors mentorship postdoctoral training

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Correction for Hutson et al., “Pharmacokinetics and Eﬃcacy of a Potential Smallpox Therapeutic, Brincidofovir, in a Lethal Monkeypox Virus Animal Model”

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mSphere 2021年第1期6卷 1-1页

作者： Hutson, Christina L. Kondas, Ashley V. Mauldin, Mathew R. Doty, Jeffrey B. Grossi, Irma M. Morgan, Clint N. DietzOstergaard, Sharon Hughes, Christine M. Nakazawa, Yoshinori Kling, Chantal Martin, Brock E. Ellison, James A. Carroll, Darin S. Gallardo-Romero, Nadia F. Olson, Victoria A. Poxvirus and Rabies Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia United States Chimerix Durham North Carolina United States Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education CDC Fellowship Program Oak Ridge Tennessee United States Animal Resources Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia United States

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The importance of a One Health approach in preventing human Rift Valley fever infections in Uganda

IJID One Health

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IJID One Health 2024年 4卷

作者： Hildah Tendo Nansikombi Jane Frances Zalwango Alex Ndyabakira Benon Kwesiga Lilian Bulage Alex Riolexus Ario Julie R. Harris Irene Byakatonda Kyamwine Dan Tumusiime Fred Monje Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program Uganda National Institute of Public Health Kampala Uganda US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Kampala Uganda Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries Entebbe Uganda

Rift valley fever (RVF) is an endemic viral zoonosis in Uganda that causes sporadic outbreaks. In May 2021, a 19-year-old woman from Kasaana Village, Kiruhura District, Western Uganda was diagnosed with RVF. In addition, five case patients identified from the same village were immunoglobulin (Ig) M–seropositive for RVF virus (RVFV), all with a history of contact with livestock. We interviewed farmers in Kasaana Village to find out whether their livestock had recently experienced any sign of RVF (livestock abortions and neonatal mortality). We conducted a veterinary records review at the regional animal diagnostic laboratory and a case search for livestock that had a recent history of abortion or neonatal mortality. Among 162 livestock (94 cattle and 68 goats) from four farms reporting one or more abortions during March-June 2021, 57 (33 cattle and 24 goats) were randomly selected for testing for RVFV using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Verbal reports from farmers and veterinary records review revealed increases in livestock abortions and neonatal mortality during March-May 2021, before the human cases occurred. Serological testing indicated that eight (14%) livestock, including three (9%) cattle and five (21%) goats, were IgM-seropositive for RVFV. The presence of anti-RVFV IgM antibodies in sera suggested current infection in livestock, corroborating livestock abortions within the same period. Hence, human RVFV infections likely resulted from contact with infected animal products. The recurring pattern of livestock abortions observed before human RVFV infections in Uganda indicates a gap in the zoonotic disease surveillance system, through which reports on such events should trigger rapid response to detect disease, control spread among animals, and prevent spillover to humans. An expanded One Health approach on collaboration and information sharing on such events could facilitate RVF risk reduction in humans in Uganda.

关键词： Rift valley fever Outbreak Zoonoses One Health Uganda

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