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Impact of immunization programs on 11 childhood vaccine-preventable diseases in China: 1950–2018

The Innovation 2021年第2期2卷 109-116页

作者： Jinhua Pan Yesheng Wang Lingsheng Cao Ying Wang Qi Zhao Shenglan Tang Wenfeng Gong Lei Guo Zhixi Liu Zexuan Wen Bo Zheng Weibing Wang Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China School of Public Health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of EducationFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Department of Social Medicine School of Public HealthFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation SeattleWA 98109USA These authors contributed equally

To evaluate the achievements of China’s immunization program between 1950 and 2018,we chose 11 vaccine-preventable diseases(VPDs)as representative notifiable diseases and used annual surveillance data obtained between 1950 and 2018 to derive disease incidence and mortality ***-Poisson and polynomial regression models were used to estimate the impacts of specific vaccine programs,and life-table methods were used to calculate the loss of life expectancy,years of life lost,and loss of working *** total notification number for the 11 VPDs was 211,866,000 from 1950 to *** greatest number occurred in 1959,with a total incidence of 1,723 per million *** 1978 to 2018,a substantial decline was observed in the incidence of major infectious *** incidence of pertussis fell 98%from 126.35 to 1.58 per million,and the incidences of measles,meningococcal meningitis,and Japanese encephalitis fell 99%,99%,and 98%,*** regression models showed that most of the 11 diseases exhibited dramatic declines in morbidity after their integration into the Expanded program on Immunization(EPI),while varicella and paratyphoid fever,which were not integrated into the EPI,showed increased *** 1978 to 2018,the total life expectancy for the 11 VPDs increased by 0.79 years,and similar results were obtained for different age *** has had great success in controlling VPDs in recent decades,and improving vaccination coverage is a key aspect of controlling VPDs in China.

关键词： China vaccine-preventable diseases morbidity mortality immunization

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Safety of nOPV2 administered during a supplementary immunisation activity in Uganda, 2022: data triangulation from a prospective cohort event monitoring programme and vaccine safety surveillance reports

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The Lancet Global Health 2025年

作者： Longley, Ashley T Nsubuga, Fred Gilani, Zunera Tobolowsky, Farrell A Kisakye, Annet Greene, Sharon A Ampeire, Immaculate Ssennono, Vincent Fred Gyasi, Samuel Ofori Ntale, Ismail Bammeke, Philip Stewart, Brock Ndagije, Helen Byomire Kyabayinze, Daniel J Gidudu, Jane F Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States African Field Epidemiology Network Kampala Uganda Uganda Vaccines and Immunisation Division Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda World Health Organization Kampala Uganda Uganda National Expanded Program on Immunisation Uganda Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda Uganda Bureau of Statistics Kampala Uganda Uganda National Drug Authority Kampala Uganda Directorate of Public Health Uganda Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda

Background: In November, 2020, WHO authorised novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) use under Emergency Use Listing in response to outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2). Although no concerns were identified in nOPV2 trials, the Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety requested more extensive vaccine safety data during emergency use. The Uganda Ministry of Health declared a cVDPV2 outbreak in 2021 and responded with an nOPV2 campaign in January, 2022. More than 9 million children aged 0–59 months were vaccinated, providing an opportunity to generate robust safety data. Methods: We monitored the safety of nOPV2 for 42 days post-vaccination using: routine passive surveillance for adverse events following immunisation (AEFI);ongoing acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance;active, hospital-based surveillance for pre-specified adverse events of special interest (AESI);and active, cohort event monitoring. AFP cases were reviewed by the National Polio Expert Committee. Serious AEFI and all AESI and AFP cases with nOPV2 receipt underwent causality assessment by the National AEFI Committee. Findings: Across surveillance systems, 1128 children vaccinated with nOPV2 experienced one or more AEFI: 43 children identified through passive surveillance, 128 suspected AFP cases, five AESI cases, and 952 children with reported AEFI through cohort event monitoring. Overall, 109 adverse events were considered serious;six (fever, gastroenteritis (n=3), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and encephalitis) were determined by the National AEFI Committee to be consistent with causal association to immunisation with nOPV2. No cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis were detected. One death was detected, considered inconsistent with causal association to immunisation with nOPV2, per the National AEFI Committee. Interpretation: No new safety concerns were identified with nOPV2 use in Uganda following a national vaccination campaign, providing

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Differential Age-Related Declines in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Between People With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality and Outcomes 2021年第4期5卷 743-752页

作者： Ortaglia, Andrew McDonald, Samantha M. Wirth, Michael D. Sui, Xuemei Bottai, Matteo Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia Department of Foundational Sciences and Research School of Dental Medicine East Carolina University Greenville NC United States College of Nursing Cancer Prevention and Control Program Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia Department of Exercise Science Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia Division of Biostatistics Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

Objective: To assess the extent to which the established age-related decline in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is augmented in adult men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Participants and Methods: This study used data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, conducted between September 18, 1974, and August 3, 2006, in primarily non-Hispanic white, middle-to-upper class adults. The analyses were restricted to adult men with complete data on age, CRF, and T2DM (35,307 participants). Quantile regression models were used to estimate age-related differences in CRF, estimated using a maximal treadmill test, between persons with and without T2DM. Smoking status and birth cohort served as covariates. Results: Age-related declines in CRF were observed in men with and without T2DM. For men younger than 60 years, at low-mid percentiles of the CRF distribution the magnitude of the age-related decline in CRF was significantly higher (P-values=.00, .02) in men with T2DM than in those without T2DM. At upper percentiles, the decline with age between the 2 groups was virtually identical. Significant declines in CRF in men 45 years or younger were observed only at high levels of CRF for those without T2DM and at low levels of CRF for those with T2DM (P-values .00, .04). Conclusion: This study reported that men younger than 60 years with T2DM at the low-mid CRF percentiles experience an accelerated age-related decline in CRF. Men younger than 60 years with T2DM exhibiting high levels of CRF experienced a decline in CRF comparable to men without T2DM. This study highlights the importance of incorporating sufficient levels of exercise or activity to maintain high CRF in men with T2DM. © 2021 [Author/Employing Institution]

关键词： ACLS Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study CRF cardiorespiratory fitness NCD noncommunicable disease T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus V̇ o 2max maximum oxygen consumption

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Implementing strategy training in Taiwan: perspectives of individuals with Acquired brain injury

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Disability and Rehabilitation 2024年第6期46卷 1121-1129页

作者： Chiu, Valeria Fields, Beth E. Lin, Yen-Nung Kang, Jiunn-Horng Han, Der-Sheng Wu, Yi-Hsuan Su, Yu Skidmore, Elizabeth R. Chang, Feng-Hang Department of Medicine Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation New Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Occupational Therapy Program Department of Kinesiology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison MI United States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Occupational Therapy School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States

Purpose: Strategy training is a rehabilitation intervention that aims to enhance problem-solving skills with respect to daily activity–related challenges and has achieved favorable results in Western countries. This study explored the perspectives of individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) in Taiwan who received strategy training. Materials and methods: Semi-structured interviews with community-dwelling adults with ABI were conducted, and reflective memos made by research team members were recorded. Interviews and memos were analyzed through thematic analysis Results: This study included 55 participants. The analysis of the participants’ interview responses and memos yielded nine themes under three categories: 1) expectations regarding strategy training, 2) perceived benefits of strategy training, and 3) barriers affecting the process and outcomes of strategy training. Conclusions: All the participants endorsed strategy training through different gains. Most participants’ expectations before the intervention were uncertain. Including family members into the strategy training is of key importance for a successfulness of their goals. The participants’ experiences about strategy training were affected by various barriers (i.e., health and medical problems, the physical environment, and natural events). Clinicians and researchers should consider these expectations, benefits, and barriers when studying and implementing strategy training in non-Western *** FOR REHABILITATION Strategy training provides clients the opportunity to actively engage in their own goal setting and decision making. Strategy training increases the client’s confidence in their ability to participate in the community, communicate, and perform daily living and physical activities. Therapists should consider the health conditions and physical environment of clients when helping them set goals and before facilitating their engagement in the community. Taiwanese family members play

关键词： brain injury community participation Qualitative research rehabilitation social participation strategy training stroke

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Prevalence and Predictors of Inflammation in Pregnant Women: Multi-Country Analysis From BRINDA Project

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Current Developments in Nutrition 2022年 6卷 924-924页

作者： Luo, Hanqi Cole, Chelsea Jahan, Afrin Peerson, Janet Ko, Yi-An Addo, O. Yaw Suchdev, Parminder Young, Melissa Emory University Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Hubert Department of Global Health Hubert Department of Global Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University University of California Davis Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nutrition Branch International Micronutrient Malnutrition Prevention and Control Program Unit Nutrition Branch International Micronutrient Malnutrition Prevention and Control Program Unit Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Objectives:Limited data exist on the prevalence and predictors of inflammation during pregnancy. We aimed to characterize the inflammatory pattern and predictors of subclinical inflammation across pregnancy using multi-country analysis. Methods:The Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project compiled 17 datasets of pregnant women (n = 14,077) from 15 countries in both high- and low-income settings. Datasets were included if at least one inflammation biomarker (C-reactive protein, CRP, or α-1-acid glycoprotein, AGP) were collected. We estimated the prevalence of any subclinical inflammation (defined as CRP >5 mg/L or AGP >1 g/L), examined AGP and CRP patterns throughout pregnancy, and assessed the relationship between inflammation and covariates such as maternal age, gestational age, socioeconomic, and water and sanitation factors for each dataset. Results:The prevalence of inflammation varied from 16.6% in Afghanistan to < 1% in Vietnam using elevated AGP and from 52.9% in the US to 7.6% in Vietnam using elevated CRP. Inflammation was common but varied across datasets: >40% in 5 datasets, 20–40% in 6 datasets, 10–< 20% in 5 datasets and < 10% in one dataset. AGP decreased with increasing gestational age (P < 0.01 in all seven datasets with gestational age information); however, the magnitude of decrease in AGP varied by country. In contrast, CRP showed an inconsistent pattern by gestational age. In multivariable models, the predictors of inflammation included age, trimester, urban or rural residence, socioeconomic status, improved sanitation, improved drinking water, lactating and smoking status, although strengths of association differed by dataset. Conclusions:Although there was considerable heterogeneity in the prevalence of inflammation, inflammation was common across pregnancy in diverse settings. AGP, a measure of long-term inflammation, decreased across pregnancy in all countries, whereas the pattern for CRP was

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Public Health Laboratory Preparedness;Bioterrorism the New Challenge

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Microscopy and Microanalysis 2020年第S2期7卷 180-181页

作者： Richard F. Meyer Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Infectious Diseases Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Program Atlanta GA 30333 MS C-18

In the event of a bioterrorist attack, rapid screening, agent identification, and confirmatory diagnosis will be critical, so that prevention and treatment measures can be implemented quickly. However, because few biologic agents thought likely to be used as biological weapons represent major public health problems in the United States, we have limited capacity to diagnose them, either at the state and local or the federal level. to begin to address this new public health challenge the Laboratory Response Network for Bioterrorism (LRN) was *** LRN is a multi-level system designed to link state and local public health laboratories, clinical, military, veterinary, agricultural, water and food-testing laboratories. Operational in August of 1999, the LRN was established as a consequence of Presidential Decision Directive 39, increased congressional awareness of the huge biological weapons program in the former Soviet Union, the high level of risk to national security and subsequent emergency funding to the Centers for Disease control and prevention under the DHHS Operating Plan for Anti- Bioterrorism Initiative.

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Correction: Comparative study on the epidemiological characteristics and hazards of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infections among elderly people

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BMC infectious diseases 2024年第1期24卷 1292页

作者： Jiangtao Yu Na Liu Yiheng Zhu Wenyu Wang Xianquan Fan Xuan Yuan Juan Xu Benfeng Zheng Lin Luan Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health National Vaccine Innovation Platform Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210000 PR China. Center for Immunization Planning Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China. Department of immunization program Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Suzhou 215000 China. Suzhou Municipal Health Commission Suzhou 215002 China. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health National Vaccine Innovation Platform Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210000 PR China. szluanlin@***. Department of immunization program Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Suzhou 215000 China. szluanlin@***.

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Pyrolysis Mechanism of Different Thermal Aging of Pvc Insulation Copper Cable for Home Decoration

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Deng, Jun Yu, Kai-Lin Wang, Cai-Ping Chen, Li-Juan Lyu, Hui-Fei Shu, Chi-Min 58 Yanta Mid. Rd. Shaanxi Xi’an710054 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire XUST 58 Yanta Mid. Rd. Shaanxi Xi’an710054 China Postdoctoral Program XUST 58 Yanta Mid. Rd. Shaanxi Xi’an710054 China Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin64002 Taiwan

The thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) analysis was to explore the pyrolysis behavior of seven degrees of thermal aging home decoration PVC insulation copper cables. It was found that the most dangerous threshold for pyrolysis of insulation is 20 days of aging. The apparent activation energy of the insulation was estimated by the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method, and the degree of thermal aging has a greater effect on the apparent activation energy of the second pyrolysis stage. The first stage of pyrolysis was based on the D-ZLT3 and F models, and the second stage was based on the A and E models, which were determined by the Málek method. In addition, the release products of the pyrolysis process were counted. Finally, it should be noted that different degrees of thermal aging affect the pyrolysis behavior of cable insulation but have little effect on the pyrolysis mechanism. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermal aging

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147. Opportunities for Improving Urine Culturing Practices in U.S. Acute Care Hospitals, 2017-2020

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2023年第SUPPLEMENT_2期10卷

作者： Nyawung Asonganyi Sophia V Kazakova James Baggs Kelly M Hatfield Sujan Reddy Scott Fridkin Joseph D Lutgring Emory University Rolins School of Public Health Atlanta Georgia CDC atlanta Georgia Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Georgia Emerging Infections Program Decatur GA Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA Atlanta Georgia Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA

Background Inappropriate urine cultures (UCs) lead to misdiagnosis and unnecessary antibiotic use and can impact surveillance. The absence of pyuria on a urinalysis (UA) has a high negative predictive value for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in certain settings and can reduce unnecessary UCs. UCs performed without UA or with a negative UA indicate opportunities for diagnostic stewardship. Understanding facility variability and patient characteristics associated with inappropriate UCs can inform improvements in acute care hospitals (ACHs).

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Disinfection, sterilization and antisepsis: An overview

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American Journal of Infection control 2023年第11期51卷 A3-A12页

作者： Rutala, William A. Boyce, John M. Weber, David J. Statewide Program for Infection Control and Epidemiology UNC School of Medicine Chapel Hill NC United States Division of Infectious Diseases UNC School of Medicine Chapel Hill NC United States J.M. Boyce Consulting Boyce Consulting LLC Middletown CT United States Infection Prevention University of North Carolina Medical Center Chapel Hill NC United States

Background: Each year in the United States there are approximately 100,000,000 outpatient/inpatient surgical procedures. Each of these procedures involves contact by a medical device or surgical instrument with a patient's sterile tissue and/or mucous membrane. A major risk of all such procedures is the introduction of infection. Methods: We searched published literature for articles on the use and effectiveness of disinfectants, sterilization methods and antiseptics. Results: The level of disinfection is dependent on the intended use of the object: critical (items that contact sterile tissue such as surgical instruments), semicritical (items that contact mucous membrane such as endoscopes), and noncritical (devices that contact only intact skin such as stethoscopes) items require sterilization, high-level disinfection and low-level disinfection, respectively. Cleaning must always precede high-level disinfection and sterilization. Antiseptics are essential to infection prevention as part of a hand hygiene program as well as other uses such as surgical hand antisepsis and pre-operative patient skin preparation. Conclusions: When properly used, disinfection and sterilization can ensure the safe use of invasive and non-invasive medical devices. Cleaning should always precede high-level disinfection and sterilization. Strict adherence to current disinfection and sterilization guidelines is essential to prevent patient infections and exposures to infectious agents. © 2023 Association for Professionals in Infection control and Epidemiology, Inc.

关键词： Antiseptics Disinfectants High-level disinfection Sterilant

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