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Pollen and asthma morbidity in Atlanta: A 26-year time-series study

Environment International 2023年 177卷 107998页

作者： Lappe, Brooke L. Ebelt, Stefanie D'Souza, Rohan R. Manangan, Arie Brown, Claudia Saha, Shubhayu Harris, Drew Chang, Howard H. Sole, Adam Scovronick, Noah Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University AtlantaGA United States Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Rollins School of Public Health Emory University AtlantaGA United States Climate and Health Program Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice National Center for Environmental Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AtlantaGA United States Office of Climate Change and Health Equity Department of Health and Human Services WashingtonDC United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States

Background: Compared to many environmental risk factors, the relationship between pollen and asthma is understudied, including how associations may differ by pollen type and between subgroups, and how associations may be changing over time. Objectives: We evaluated the association between ambient pollen concentrations and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma and wheeze in Atlanta, Georgia during 1993–2018. We estimated overall associations for 13 individual pollen taxa, as well as associations by decade, race, age (5–17, 18–64, 65+), and insurance status (Medicaid vs non-Medicaid). Methods: Speciated pollen data were acquired from Atlanta Allergy & Asthma, a nationally certified pollen counting station. ED visit data were obtained from individual hospitals and from the Georgia Hospital Association. We performed time-series analyses using quasi-Poisson distributed lag models, with primary analyses assessing 3-day (lag 0–2 days) pollen levels. Models controlled for day of week, holidays, air temperature, month, year, and month-by-year interactions. Results: From 1993 to 2018, there were 686,259 ED visits for asthma and wheeze in the dataset, and the number of ED visits increased over time. We observed positive associations of asthma and wheeze ED visits with nine of the 13 pollen taxa: trees (maple, birch, pine, oak, willow, sycamore, and mulberry), two weeds (nettle and pigweed), and grasses. Rate ratios indicated 1–8% increases in asthma and wheeze ED visits per standard deviation increases in pollen. In general, we observed stronger associations in the earliest period (1993–2000), in younger people, and in Black patients;however, results varied by pollen taxa. Conclusions: Some, but not all, types of pollen are associated with increased ED visits for asthma/wheeze. Associations are generally higher in Black and younger patients and appear to have decreased over time. © 2023

关键词： Hospitals

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1905. High food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic among secondary school teachers - Tajikistan, 2021

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2022年第SUPPLEMENT_2期9卷

作者： Akhmedov, Davron Horth, Roberta Nabirova, Dilyara Central Asia Region Field Epidemiology Training Program Almaty Kazakhstan Kulyab Khatlon Tajikistan US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Dulles Virginia US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Regional Office of Central Asia Almaty Kazakhstan Almaty Almaty Kazakhstan

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An Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a Secondary School --Hubei Province, 2019

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China CDC weekly 2019年第5期1卷 67-69页

作者： Mengxian Zhang Tang Wang Shuangyi Hou Jianjun Ye Liping Zhou Zhong Zhang Zhiqiang Deng Qin Da Guoming Li Shiyue Li Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention WuhanHubeiChina School of Health Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program BeijingChina.

What is already known about this topic?Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)is a type of tuberculosis with resistance to common treatments such as isoniazid and ***-TB is a major global health challenge and needs to be controlled tightly through prevention measures,early diagnosis,and full treatment and *** is added by this report?This outbreak was the first MDR-TB related public health emergency in Hubei *** total,five MDR-TB cases and nine clinically diagnosed cases were identified within one class in a secondary *** and teachers from other classes were monitored,but no other cases were *** are the implications for public health practice?The implementation of TB prevention and control measures in schools is important to increase knowledge on TB and to raise awareness on protecting personal *** Automatic Early Warning Information System alerted the local health department and allowed for a timely response to prevent further disease spread.

关键词： prevention measures Hubei

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Incidence, risk factors, and mortality of atrial fibrillation in breast cancer: a SEER-Medicare analysis (vol 43, pg 300, 2022)

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EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL 2022年第21期43卷 2019-2019页

作者： Guha, Avirup Department of Medicine Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Ave Cleveland OH 44106 USA Cardio-Oncology Program Division of Cardiology The Ohio State University Medical Center 452 W. 10th Ave. Columbus OH 43210 USA Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology and Vascular Biology Center Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University 1460 Laney Walker Blvd Augusta GA 30912 USA Cardio-Oncology Program Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine University of Pennsylvania 3400 Civic Center Boulevard Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Duke Cancer Institute Duke University 2 Seeley Mudd 10 Bryan Searle Drive Durham NC 27710 USA Breast Cancer Center Smilow Cancer Hospital Yale University 35 Park St New Haven CT 06511 USA Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health Emory University 1518 Clifton Rd Atlanta GA 30322 USA Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine The Ohio State University 1590 N High St Suite 525 Columbus OH 43201 USA

Aims The national incidence, risk factors, and associated mortality of atrial fibrillation (AF) in breast cancer patients are unknown. Methods and results Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare-linked database, we identified females, ≥66 years old, with a new primary diagnosis of breast cancer from 2007 through 2014. These patients were individually matched 1:1 to Medicare enrolees without cancer, and each pair was followed for 1 year to identify a primary outcome of AF. Cumulative incidence was calculated using competing risk survival statistics. Following this, identifying risk factors of AF among breast cancer patients was conducted using the adjusted Cox proportional hazards model. Finally, Kaplan–Meier methods and adjusted Cox proportional hazards modelling were performed to estimate mortality in breast cancer patients with incident and prevalent AF. This study included 85 423 breast cancer patients. Among these 9425 (11.0%) had AF diagnosis prior to the breast cancer diagnosis. New-onset AF was diagnosed in 2993 (3.9%) patients in a 1-year period after the breast cancer diagnosis [incidence 3.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0–3.5%, at 1 year; higher rate in the first 60 days (0.6%/month)]. Comparatively, the incidence of new-onset AF in matched non-cancer controls was 1.8% (95% CI 1.6–2.0%). Apart from traditional demographic and cardiovascular risk factors, breast cancer stage was strongly associated with the development of AF [American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stage II/III/IV vs. I: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.51/2.63/4.21, respectively]. New-onset AF after breast cancer diagnosis (aHR 3.00) is associated with increased 1-year cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion AF incidence is significantly higher in women after a breast cancer diagnosis. Higher breast cancer stages at diagnos are significantly associated with a higher risk of AF. New-onset AF in the new breast cancer diagnosis setting increases 1-year cardiovascular mo

关键词： Atrial fibrillation Breast cancer Incidence Risk factors Mortality SEER-Medicare

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The role of high-sensitivity C-reaction protein in the prediction of long-term mortality in people living with HIV: Results from the IDEA-TB cohort study in Kenya

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Infectious Diseases Now 2025年第6期55卷 105100-105100页

作者： Ciccacci, Fausto Welu, Benjamin Ndoi, Harrison Karea, Irene Doro Altan, Anna Maria Brambilla, Davide Munene, Kenneth Opanga, Brenda Ronoh, Aiban Mukwanjagi, Scolastica Mwiraria, Raymond Guidotti, Giovanni Orlando, Stefano University of Rome Tor Vergata Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Rome Italy Community of Sant'Egidio DREAM Program Meru Kenya Link University Rome Italy Community of Sant'Egidio DREAM Program Rome Italy National AIDS and STIs Control Programme Nairobi Kenya National Tuberculosis Leprosy and Lung Disease Program Nairobi Kenya Consolata Hospital Nkubu Kenya ASL RM 1 Rome Italy

Highlights•High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP) levels predict long-term mortality in people living with HIV. •Higher HS-CRP is linked to increased mortality in a Kenyan cohort. •HS-CRP combined with CD4 count and viral load improves mortality prediction. •HS-CRP > 3.68 mg/L indicates lower survival probability.

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Tick bite risk factors and prevention measures in an area with emerging Powassan virus disease

Public Health Challenges

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Public Health Challenges 2023年第4期2卷 101002/puh2136页

作者： Wilson, Nicolette Vahey, Grace M. McDonald, Emily Fitzpatrick, Kelly Lehman, Jennifer Clark, Sandhya Lindell, Kristine Pastula, Daniel M. Perez, Stephen Rhodes, Heather Gould, Carolyn V. Staples, J. Erin Martin, Stacey W. Cervantes, Kim New Jersey Department of Health Communicable Disease Service Trenton NJ United States CSTE Applied Epidemiology Fellowship Program Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Atlanta GA United States Epidemic Intelligence Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Arboviral Diseases Branch Division of Vector-Borne Diseases National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases CDC Fort Collins CO United States

Background: In the United States (U.S.), Powassan virus is primarily transmitted to humans by the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). Rarely, infections can present as severe neuroinvasive disease. In 2019, four neuroinvasive disease cases were reported in Sussex County, New Jersey, U.S. We administered a survey to county residents to better understand tick bite risk factors and the performance of personal prevention measures. Methods: A survey was administered in October 2019 to adult residents of randomly selected households. Questions focused on tick bite prevention and risk factors. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for various outcomes. Results: Of 274 participants, 25% were previously diagnosed with a tick-borne disease, and 42% reported finding an attached tick in 2019. Yardwork and gardening (OR = 7.38) and spending >50 hours outdoors per week (OR = 8.15) were associated with finding an attached tick. Finding an attached tick was inversely associated with the number of prevention measures used, indicating that a layered approach could reduce the risk of tick bites. Those who performed post-outdoor activity prevention measures (e.g., tick checks) were less likely to have a tick attached compared to finding a crawling tick. Conclusion: Compliance with prevention recommendations was low, despite a high prevalence of reported tick bites and significant outdoor exposures. Older adults and persons who spend significant time outdoors or engage in yardwork or gardening were at the highest risk of tick bites. Additional research is needed to further understand the barriers to tick bite prevention. © 2023 The Authors. Public Health Challenges published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Powassan virus prevention risk factors tick-borne disease ticks

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Disinfection and sterilization: New technologies

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American Journal of Infection control 2023年第11期51卷 A13-A21页

作者： Rutala, William A. Donskey, Curtis J. Weber, David J. Statewide Program for Infection Control and Epidemiology University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine Chapel Hill NC United States Division of Infectious Diseases UNC School of Medicine Chapel Hill NC United States Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Care Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center Cleveland OH United States Infection Prevention University of North Carolina Medical Center Chapel Hill NC United States

Background: Adherence to professional guidelines and/or manufacturer's instructions for use regarding proper disinfection and sterilization of medical devices is crucial to preventing cross transmission of pathogens between patients. Emerging pathogens (e.g., Candida auris) and complex medical devices provide new challenges. Methods: A search for published English articles on new disinfection and sterilization technologies was conducted by Google, Google scholar and PubMed. Results: Several new disinfection methods or products (e.g., electrostatic spraying, new sporicides, colorized disinfectants, “no touch” room decontamination, continuous room decontamination) and sterilization technologies (e.g., new sterilization technology for endoscopes) were identified. Conclusions: These technologies should reduce patient risk. © 2023 Association for Professionals in Infection control and Epidemiology, Inc.

关键词： New technology

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Micronutrient Status and Select Characteristics of Adolescents: Results From a School Nutrition program in Bangladesh

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Current Developments in Nutrition 2022年 6卷 6009514-6009514页

作者： Demuyakor, Maku Jalal, Chowdhury Williams, Anne Bouckaert, Kimberley Whitehead, Ralph Bhuiyan, Muhammad Siraj, Saiqa Ara, Riffat Jefferds, Maria Elena McKing Consulting Corporation Nutrition International Nutrition Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Qualitative Research BRAC Health Nutrition and Population Program

AbstractObjectivesTo describe select characteristics of adolescent girls and boys and micronutrient status of adolescent girls at baseline prior to starting a school nutrition intervention. MethodsGirls (n = 2244) and boys (n = 773) in grades 8–9 attending 74 schools participated in a baseline survey including questions on individual and household characteristics, nutrition knowledge and experience and dietary diversity. Venous blood was collected from girls for micronutrient status assessment. Iron status was assessed using inflammation-adjusted serum ferritin. Vitamin A status was based on retinol binding protein. Folate status was defined using serum and red blood cell folate (RBCF). In-school observations of WASH infrastructure resources and drinking water quality testing were conducted. All estimates accounted for clustering. ResultsGirls and boys, respectively, had ever heard of anemia 34% and 27%, iron-folic acid (IFA) tablets 31% and 14%, deworming tablets 84% and 85% and worm infestation 49% and 52%. Reported IFA use in the last month and deworming tablet intake in the last 6 months were 4% and 1% and 81% and 86%, among girls and boys, respectively. Mean dietary diversity score suggested adequacy among girls (5.2) and boys (5.3) with 63%–68% having scores > 5, and 36%–39% consuming rich sources of heme iron. Adolescents perceived the existence of iron in household tubewell (21%–24%), with 5–9% describing the taste, smell, or color of rust in drinking water. The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and severity varied: anemia 24.7%, iron deficiency 9.1%, iron deficiency anemia 3.9%, vitamin A deficiency 3.3%, RBCF insufficiency 76.1%, risk of RBCF deficiency 8.9%, RBCF deficiency 2.5%, and serum folate deficiency 9.5%. In schools, 70% met the sustainable development goals (SDG) indicator for basic drinking water service, 59% of all sampled drinking water sources complied with WHO standards for E. coli, 42% met the SDG indicator for basic sanitation servi

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2885. Increased incidence of fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis bloodstream infections in Atlanta, Georgia 2021

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2023年第SUPPLEMENT_2期10卷

作者： Lucy S Witt Elizabeth Misas Monica M Farley Stepy Thomas Emily N Jenkins Scott Fridkin Nancy A Chow Shawn R Lockhart Meghan Lyman Emory University Atlanta GA ORISE-CDC Atlanta Georgia Emory University School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Atlanta Georgia ASRT Inc. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Georgia Emerging Infections Program Decatur GA Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA Atlanta Georgia CDC Atlanta GA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia

Background Since 2020, outbreaks of fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis (FR-CP) infections have proliferated around the world. An increase in FR-CP bloodstream infections (BSI) in the Atlanta metropolitan area in 2021 was identified during routine surveillance through the Georgia Emerging Infections program supported by the Centers for Disease control and prevention (CDC). We describe the genomic relatedness and epidemiologic associations between resistant and susceptible isolates.

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ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA DEL. ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT ON DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

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Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 2022年第5期57卷 123-135页

作者： Nobnorb, Nipaporn Sae-Ung, Karnjana Dechakhamphu, Ananya Sakonsinsiri, Chadamas Kraiklang, Ratthaphol Faculty of Public Health Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand Department of Thai Traditional Medicine Faculty of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University Ubonratchathani Thailand Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand Nutrition for Health Program Faculty of Public Health Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand The Research Group on the Prevention and Control of Diabetes The Northeast of Thailand Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant global public health concern. Vernonia amygdalina Del. is a medicinal herb reported to have multiple biological activities, including antidiabetic properties. This work investigated the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Vernonia amygdalina Del. ethanolic leaf extract (VAE). Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) content of VAE were assessed using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. The antioxidant activities of VAE were assessed by the DPPH and FRAP methods. The effects of the VAE on the gustatory, toxicity, body weight, and triglycerides were determined in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster. The results showed that VAE had high levels of TPC (57.45±0.45 mg GAE/g DW), TFC 79.55±0.88 mg QE/g DW), and in vitro antioxidant activities (0.11±0.02 mg/mL).VAE exhibited the in vitro inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and α-amylase with the IC50 values of 267.69±11.51 µg mL-1 and 331.56±26.47 µg mL-1. Treatment with VAE at 5 and 15 mg/mL did not affect the fruit fly survival, indicating that VAE was not toxic to the insects. In D. melanogaster supplemented with 15 mg/mL VAE, significant increases in survival time after exposure to H2O2 and paraquat were observed. VAE also reduced triglyceride levels in fruit flies fed with a high-sugar diet. These findings suggest that VAE, which is derived from natural sources, possesses antioxidant and antidiabetic properties and may also be used as a potential source of bioactive compounds for managing hyperglycemia. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antioxidants

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