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Ecological niches and blood sources of sand fly in an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Jiuzhaigou,Sichuan,China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 288-293页

作者： Huiying Chen Kaili Li Hua Shi Yong Zhang Yu Ha Yan Wang Jinjin Jiang Yubin Wang Zhenzhou Yang Jiannong Xu Yajun Ma Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases Faculty of Tropical Medicine and Public HealthSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Biology Department Molecular Biology ProgramNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 88003USA Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA Beijing 100071China Jiuzhaigou Center of Disease Control and Prevention JiuzhaigouSichuan 623400China Center of Disease Control and Prevention General Equipment Department of PLABeijing 100101China

Background:Sand fly Phlebotomus chinensis is a principle vector for the visceral leishmaniasis(VL)in China with a wide geographic ***,Sichuan is a mountain type endemic area of VL in *** term effective control efforts in the region have successfully reduced VL *** assess the current status of the sand flies and their ecological aspects in the region,a survey was conducted in the summer of 2014 and ***:Sand fly specimens were collected by light traps in a village and blood sources were identified by PCR and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b ***:In a rock cave,65.2%–79.8%of collected sand flies were *** a rabbit farm,92.9%–98.8%of specimens were *** pig pens,61.1%of specimens were *** females had visible blood *** feeding rate was 49.4%from the pig pens,12.3%from the cave,and only 1.7%from the rabbit ***,rabbit,chicken,dog,and human blood were detected in the fed *** blood,present in all tested samples,was a preferred blood source,while chicken and dog blood were present in a third of the ***:In Jiuzhaigou County,Sichuan Province of China,the considerable sandfly density and the peridomestic feeding behavior all increases the risk of VL transmission,and insecticide spraying in animal sheds could be exploited to reduce sand fly populations in human surroundings.

关键词： Sand fly Phlebotomus chinensis Ecological niche Blood sources China

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Expert Consensus on Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Fatal Familial Insomnia

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Chinese Medical Journal 2018年第13期131卷 1613-1617页

作者： Li-Yong Wu Shu-Qin Zhan Zhao-Yang Huang Bin Zhang Tao Wang Chun-Feng Liu Hui Lu Xiao-Ping Dong Zhi-Ying Wu Jie-Wen Zhang Ji-Hui Zhang Zhong-Xin Zhao Fang Han Yah Huang Jun Lu Serge Gauthier Jian-Ping Jia Yu-Ping Wang Department of Neurology Xuan Wu Hospital Capital Medical University Belling 100053 China Department of Psychiatry Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 China Department of Neurology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430022 China Department of Neurorogy Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310009 China Department of Neurology Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou Henan 450003 China Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin NT Hong Kong SAR 000000 China Department of Neurology Changzheng Hospital The Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003 China Department of Respiratory Medicine Peking University People's Hospital Beijing 100044 China Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730 China Department of Neurology Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston 02215 MA USA McGill Centre for Studies in Aging Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit Montreal H4H 1R3 Canada

INTRODUCTION Fatal familial insomnia （FFI） is a serious and rare prion disease, which was first reported by Lugaresi et al. in *** diagnosis of FFI might be important for early and sufficient counseling of patients and their relatives, also concerning the risk of inheritance, and potentially also for treatment studies. However, the diagnosis of FFI might be difficult because of the heterogeneity of clinical features, low sensitivity of diagnostic tests, and absence of family history. The aim of the present study was to develop a clinical scheme and diagnostic criteria for FFI based on our research and expert consensus.

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2741. Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Timing in Children and Adults Hospitalized with Influenza in the United States, FluSurv-NET, 2013–2017

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2019年第SUPPLEMENT_2期6卷 S964–S965页

作者： Haston, Julia C Garg, Shikha Campbell, Angela P Ferdinands, Jill O’Halloran, Alissa Cummings, Charisse N Kirley, Pam Daily Stephens, Samantha Yousey-Hindes, Kim Openo, Kyle P Fawcett, Emily Farley, Monica M Monroe, Maya Kim, Sue McMahon, Melissa Irizarry, Lourdes Dufort, Elizabeth Bennett, Nancy M Billing, Laurie M Thomas, Ann Talbot, Keipp Spencer, Melanie Anderson, Evan J Emory University School of Medicine Decatur Georgia Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Influenza Division Atlanta Georgia California Emerging Infections Program Oakland California Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Denver Colorado Connecticut Emerging Infections Program New Haven Connecticut Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Atlanta VA Medical Center Decatur Georgia Emory University Atlanta Georgia Maryland Department of Health Baltimore Maryland Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Lansing Michigan Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota New Mexico Department of Health Santa Fe New Mexico NYSDOH Albany New York University of Rochester Rochester New York Ohio Department of Health Columbus Ohio Oregon Health Authority Portland Oregon Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee Salt Lake County Health Department Salt Lake City Utah

Background Seasonal influenza vaccine may attenuate disease severity among people infected with influenza despite vaccination, but vaccine effectiveness may decrease with increasing time between vaccination and infection. Patient characteristics may play a role in the timing of vaccine receipt. Methods We used data from the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) and included patients ≥ 9 years hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza during October 1–April 30 of influenza seasons 2013–2014 through 2016–2017 who received seasonal influenza vaccine ≥ 14 days prior to admission. Vaccine history was obtained from vaccine registries, medical charts, and patient interviews. We defined “early vaccination” as vaccine receipt before October 15 and “late vaccination” as receipt after (date selected using typical season onset and median vaccination dates). Early and late groups were compared using Chi-square or Fisher exact tests. Results Among 21,751 vaccinated patients, 61% received vaccine before October 15, and distribution of vaccination date was similar across seasons (figure). Vaccination occurred earlier with increasing age (45% were vaccinated early among those 9–17 years but 65% in those ≥ 80 years, P < 0.01). White non-Hispanic patients were more likely to receive vaccine early compared with black non-Hispanic and Hispanic patients (63% vs. 55% and 54%; P < 0.01). Those with metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and cancer were vaccinated earlier whereas those with HIV and liver disease were vaccinated later. Vaccine timing also varied by state ( P < 0.01) but not by sex. Conclusion Among influenza-vaccinated older children and adults hospitalized with influenza, older age, white race, and certain medical conditions were associated with early receipt of influenza vaccination in unadjusted analysis. This may be due to frequent healthcare encounters and targeted public health strategies in high-risk groups. Understa

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1712. Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in Children in the post-2009 Pandemic Era

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2020年第SUPPLEMENT_1期7卷 S839–S840页

作者： Satoshi Kamidani Shikha Garg Angela P Campbell Charisse N Cummings Kyle P Openo Chelsea L McMullen Shua Chai Rachel Herlihy Kim Yousey-Hindes Maya Monroe Sue Kim Ruth Lynfield Elizabeth Dufort Laurie M Billing Melissa Sutton Helen Talbot Keegan McCaffrey Evan J Anderson Emory University Suwanee Georgia Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia CDC Atlanta GA Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Atlanta VA Medical Center Decatur GA New Mexico Department of Health Santa Fe New Mexico California Department of Public Health Oakland CA Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Denver Colorado Connecticut Emerging Infections Program New Haven Connecticut Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Baltimore Maryland Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Lansing Michigan Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota NYSDOH Albany NY Ohio Department of Health Columbus Ohio Oregon Health Authority Portland Oregon Vanderbuilt University Nashville Tennessee Utah Department of Health Salt Lake City UT Emory University Atlanta VA Medical Center Atlanta Georgia

Background Significant changes in influenza vaccination coverage and antiviral treatment guidance occurred following the 2009 influenza pandemic in children. However, data are limited describing recent epidemiology, clinical characteristics, antiviral use, vaccine coverage, and outcomes of influenza-related hospitalizations in children.

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Hepatitis B Immunoprophylactic Failure and Characteristics of the Hepatitis B Virus Gene in Mother-Infant Pairs in Parts of China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期29卷 790-801页

作者： YIN Wen Jiao SHEN Li Ping WANG Fu Zhen ZHANG Guo Min ZHENG Hui WANG Feng LIU Tie Zhu MENG Qing Ling YI Yao CUI Fu Qiang BI Sheng Li National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Department of Immunization Planning Program Chinese Center for Disease Controland PreventionBeijing 102206China

Objective To determine the hepatitis B immunoprophylactic failure rate in infants born to hepatitis B virus （HBV） infected mothers and to characterize HBV genes. Methods HBV-serological testing was conducted for pregnant women and infants. The complete genomes of 30 HBV isolates were sequenced, and genetic characteristics were analyzed using MEGA 5 software. Results The immunoprophylactic failure rate for infants who had completed the scheduled hepatitis B vaccination program was 5.76% （32/556）. High sequence homology （99.8%-100%） was observed in 8 of the 10 mother-infant pairs. We identified 19 subgenotype C2 strains, 9 subgenotype B2 strains, and 2 subgenotype Cl strains. Three serotypes were detected： adr （19/30）, adw （9/30）, and ayw （2/30）. The frequency of amino acid mutation of the ＇a＇ determinant region was 16.67% （5/30）, including that of Q129H, F134Y,S136Y, and G145E. We detected 67 amino acid mutations in the basal core promoter, precore, and core regions of the genome. Conclusion The immunoprophylactic failure rate in infants born to HBV-infected mothers is low in the regions of China examined during this study. Moreover, HBV mutation in the ＇a＇ determinant region could not account for immunoprophylactic failure for all infants.

关键词： Mother-to-infant transmission Scheduled vaccination Gene characteristics ＇a＇ determinantmutation Immune escape

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363. National Burden of Candidemia, United States, 2017

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018年第SUPPL_1期5卷 S142–S143页

作者： Tsay, Sharon Williams, Sabrina Mu, Yi Epson, Erin Johnston, Helen Farley, Monica M Harrison, Lee H Vonbank, Brittany Shrum, Sarah Dumyati, Ghinwa Zhang, Alexia Schaffner, William Magill, Shelley Vallabhaneni, Snigdha Mycotic Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Healthcare-Associated Infections Program California Department of Public Health Richmond California Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Denver Colorado Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine and Atlanta VA Medical Center Atlanta Georgia Maryland Emerging Infections Program Pittsburg Pennsylvania Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota New Mexico Department of Health Santa Fe New Mexico NY Emerging Infections Program Center for Community Health and Prevention University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York Oregion Emerging Infections Program Portlant Oregon Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville Tennessee Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia

Background Candidemia is a common healthcare-associated bloodstream infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. No current estimates exist for understanding its burden in the United States. Methods In 2017, CDC’s Emerging Infections program (EIP) performed laboratory- and active population-based candidemia surveillance in 45 counties in nine states (California, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Tennessee), encompassing ~17 million persons. A case was defined as Candida species isolated from blood in a surveillance area resident. EIP site staff reviewed medical records to collect demographic and clinical data. Using 2016 US census data, we created weighted estimates of national and regional incidence rates and mortality in persons with candidemia (defined as death from any cause within 7 days of incident candidemia). Results A total of 1,226 candidemia cases were identified in 2017. We estimated 23,000 candidemia cases (95% CI 20,000–25,000) occurred in the United States in 2017. Overall estimated incidence was 7.0/100,000 persons, with elevated rates in adults ≥65 years (20.3/100,000), males (8.0/100,000), and people of Black race (12.6/100,000) (table). Incidence was highest in the South Atlantic region (8.0/100,000) and lowest in the Pacific (6.0/100,000). Estimated number of deaths was 3,000 (1,000–5,000). Conclusion Our analysis highlights the substantial burden of candidemia in the US Because candidemia is only one form of invasive candidiasis, the true burden of invasive infections due to Candida species is likely higher. Ongoing surveillance can support future burden estimates and help assess the impact of prevention interventions. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Medical expenditure for esophageal cancer in China:a 10-year multicenter retrospective survey(2002-2011)

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2017年第11期36卷 548-559页

作者： Lan-Wei Guo Hui-Yao Huang Ju-Fang Shi Li-Hong Lv Ya-Na Bai A-Yan Mao Xian-Zhen Liao Guo-Xiang Liu Jian-Song Ren Xiao-Jie Sun Xin-Yu Zhu Jin-Yi Zhou Ji-Yong Gong Qi Zhou Lin Zhu Yu-Qin Liu Bing-Bing Song Ling-Bin Du Xiao-Jing Xing Pei-An Lou Xiao-Hua Sun Xiao Qi Shou-Ling Wu Rong Cao Li Lan Ying Ren Kai Zhang Jie He Jian.Gong Zhang Min Dai Department of Cancer Epidemiology Henan Office for Cancer Control and Research The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Cancer Hospital No. 127 Dongming Road Zhengzhou 450008 Henan P. R China Program Office for Cancer Screening in Urban China Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Peking Union Medical College National Cancer Center of China No. 17 Panjiayuannanli Chaoyang District Beijing 100021 P. R. China Department of Human Resources The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Cancer Hospital Zhengzhou 450008 Henan P. R. China Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 Gansu P. R. China Public Health Information Research Office Institute of Medical Information Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Beijing 100020 P. R. China Hunan Office for Cancer Control and Research Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital Changsha 410006 Hunan P. R. China Department of Health Economics School of Health Management Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081 Heilongjiang P. R. China Center for Health Management and Policy Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Shandong University Jinan 250012 Shandong P. R. China Institute of Chronic Non.Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu P. R. China Science and Education Department Public Health Division Shandong Tumor Hospital Jinan 250117 Shandong P. R. China Chongqing Office for Cancer Control and Research Chongqing Cancer Hospital Chongqing 400030 P. R. China Teaching and Research Department Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ürümqi 830011 Xinjiang P. R. China Cancer Epidemiology Research Center Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital Lanzhou 730050 Gansu P. R. China Heilongjiang Office for Cancer Control and Research Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150081 Heilongjiang P R. China Zhejiang Office for Cancer

Background: Esophageal cancer is associated with substantial disease burden in China, and data on the economic burden are fundamental for setting priorities in cancer interventions. The medical expenditure for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer in China has not been fully quantified. This study aimed to examine the medical expenditure of Chinese patients with esophageal cancer and the associated ***: From 2012 to 2014, a hospital-based multicenter retrospective survey was conducted in 37 hospitals in 13 provinces/municipalities across China as a part of the Cancer Screening program of Urban China. For each esophageal cancer patient diagnosed between 2002 and 2011, clinical information and expense data were extracted by using structured questionnaires. All expense data were reported in Chinese Yuan(CNY; 1 CNY = 0.155 USD) based on the2011 value and inflated using the year-specific health care consumer price index for ***: A total of 14,967 esophageal cancer patients were included in the analysis. It was estimated that the overall average expenditure per patient was 38,666 CNY, and an average annual increase of 6.27% was observed from 2002(25,111 CNY) to 2011(46,124 CNY). The average expenditures were 34,460 CNY for stage Ⅰ,39,302 CNY for stage Ⅱ,40,353 CNY for stage Ⅲ, and 37,432 CNY for stage IV diseases(P < 0.01). The expenditure also differed by the therapy type, which was 38,492 CNY for surgery, 27,933 CNY for radiotherapy, and 27,805 CNY for chemotherapy(P < 0.05).Drugs contributed to 45.02% of the overall ***: These conservative estimates suggested that medical expenditures for esophageal cancer in China substantially increased in the last 10 years, treatment for early-stage esophageal cancer costs less than that for advanced cases, and spending on drugs continued to account for a considerable proportion of the overall expenditure.

关键词： Esophageal neoplasms Medical expenditure Diagnosis and treatment China

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Can Ebola virus become endemic in the human population？

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Protein & Cell 2016年第1期7卷 4-6页

作者： Gary Wong George F. Gao Xiangguo Qiu Special Pathogens Program National Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg MB CanadaDepartment of Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada Department of Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 China National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100052 China Officeof Director-General Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China

The 2014-15 Ebola virus reported during March 2014 Guinea. has shown itself to （EBOV） outbreak, originally n the Western African nation of be resistant to traditional con- tainment methods, with over 28,000 infections and 11,000 deaths over 18 months. Recently, news that a Scottish nurse had relapsed to EBOV disease with neurological symptoms at 10 months after recovery have astonished experts. The prolonged nature of the outbreak has led to questions whether EBOV can become endemic in the human popula- tion, an undesirable outcome due to the large amount of resources required to keep this virus under control. In this commentary, we discuss aspects EBOV disease with those caused by pathogens considered endemic in humans, as well as factors which may contribute to sustained EBOV transmission in humans.

关键词： Can Ebola virus become endemic

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Epidemiological shift and geographical heterogeneity in the burden of leptospirosis in China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 552-565页

作者： Pandji Wibawa Dhewantara Abdullah AMamun Wen-Yi Zhang Wen-Wu Yin Fan Ding Danhuai Guo Wenbiao Hu Federico Costa Albert Icksang Ko Ricardo JSoares Magalhaes Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia National Institute of Health Research and Development(NIHRD) Ministry of Health of IndonesiaUnit of Vector-borne Diseases ControlPangandaranWest Java 46396Indonesia Institute for Social Science Research The University of QueenslandIndooroopillyQLD 4068Australia Center for Disease Surveillance and Research Institute of Disease Control and Prevention of PLABeijing 100071People’s Republic of China Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206People’s Republic of China Scientific Data Center Computer Network Information CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveQLD 4059Australia Instituto Gonçalo Moniz Fundação Oswaldo CruzMinistério da SaúdeSalvadorBA 40296-710Brazil Instituto da Saúde Coletiva Federal University of Bahia(UFBA)SalvadorBA 40110-040Brazil Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCT 06520USA Children’s Health and Environment Program Child Health Research CentreThe University of QueenslandSouth BrisbaneQLD 4101Australia

Background:Leptospirosis morbidity and mortality rates in China have decreased since the *** analyses of the spatiotemporal and demographic changes occurring in the last decade and its implication on estimates of disease burden are required to inform intervention *** this study,we quantified the epidemiological shift and geographical heterogeneity in the burden of leptospirosis during 2005-2015 in ***:We used reported leptospirosis case data from 1st January 2005 to 31st of December 2015 that routinely collected by the China Information System for Disease control and prevention(CISDCP)to analyze the epidemiological trend and estimate the burden in terms of disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs)over space,time,and demographical ***:A total of 7763 cases were reported during *** which,2403(31%)cases were the laboratoryconfirmed *** 2005,the notified incidence rate was gradually decreased(P<0.05)and it was relatively stable during 2011-2015(P>0.05).During 2005-2015,we estimated a total of 10313 DALYs were lost due to leptospirosis comprising a total of 1804 years-lived with disability(YLDs)and 8509 years-life lost(YLLs).Males had the highest burden of disease(7149 DALYs)compared to females(3164 DALYs).The highest burden estimate was attributed to younger individuals aged 10-19 years who lived in southern provinces of *** 2005-2015,this age group contributed to approximately 3078 DALYs corresponding to 30%of the total DALYs lost in ***,our analysis indicated a declining trend in burden estimates(P<0.001)since 2005 and remained relatively low during *** burden estimates have been identified in the endemic regions where infections principally *** of the changes in DALY estimates were driven by changes in ***:In the last 11-years,the burden estimates of leptospirosis have shown a declining trend across the country;however,leptospirosis should not be neglected as it re

关键词： Leptospirosis Epidemiology Burden China DALY Spatiotemporal trends

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Impact and effectiveness of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in children <5 years of age in Burkina Faso

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Vaccine 2018年第47期36卷 7170-7178页

作者： Bonkoungou, Isidore Juste O. Aliabadi, Negar Leshem, Eyal Kam, Madibèlè Nezien, Désiré Drabo, Maxime K. Nikiema, Moumouni Ouedraogo, Boureima Medah, Isaïe Konaté, Souleymane Ouédraogo-Traoré, Rasmata Sangaré, Lassana Kam, Ludovic Yé, Diarra Ouattara, Ma Biey, Joseph N. Mwenda, Jason M. Tate, Jacqueline E. Parashar, Umesh D. University Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Public Health Laboratory Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Division of Viral Diseases National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Internal Medicine C Sheba Medical Center Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University Israel Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Immunization Program Minister of Health Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre hospitalier Régional de Gaoua Burkina Faso Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso World Health Organization Burkina Faso Office Ouagadougou Burkina Faso World Health Organization IST/WA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo

Background: Burkina Faso was one of the first African nations to introduce pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5, RotaTeq) into its national immunization program in October 2013. We describe the impact and effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine on acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations among Burkinabe children. Methods: Sentinel hospital-based surveillance for AGE was conducted at four hospitals during December 2013 – February 2017. Demographic, clinical, and vaccination information was collected and stool specimens were tested by EIA. Trends in rotavirus AGE hospitalizations and changes in the proportion of AGE hospitalizations due to rotavirus were examined at two sentinel sites from January 2014 – December 2016. Unconditional logistic regression models using data from all 4 surveillance sites were used to calculate vaccine effectiveness (VE, defined as 1-odds ratio) by comparing the odds of vaccination among rotavirus AGE (cases) and non-rotavirus AGE (controls) patients, controlling for age, season, hospital site and socioeconomic factors. Results: The proportion of AGE hospitalizations that tested positive for rotavirus declined significantly among children <5 years of age, from 36% (154/422) in 2014 to 22% (71/323, 40% reduction, p <.01) in 2015 and 20% (61/298, 44% reduction, p <.01) in 2016. Among infants, the percentage of AGE admissions due to rotavirus fell significantly from 38% (94/250) in 2014 to 21% (32/153, 44% reduction, p <.01) in 2015 and 17% (26/149, 54% reduction, p <.01) in 2016. The adjusted VE for full 3-dose series of RV5 against rotavirus hospitalization was 58% (95% [CI], 10%, 81%) in children 6–11 months of age and 19% (−78%, 63%) in children ≥12 months. Conclusion: Rotavirus hospitalizations declined after introduction of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in children, particularly among infants. RV5 significantly protected against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants, but effectiveness decreased in older children. © 2017

关键词： Acute gastroenteritis Burkina Faso Hospitalization Rotavirus Vaccine effectiveness

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