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Machine Learning for Identifying Emotional Expression in Text: Improving the Accuracy of Established Methods

Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science 2017年第1期2卷 21-27页

作者： O’Carroll Bantum, Erin Elhadad, Noémie Owen, Jason E. Zhang, Shaodian Golant, Mitch Buzaglo, Joanne Stephen, Joanne Giese-Davis, Janine Cancer Prevention & Control Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center Honolulu HI United States Biomedical Informatics Columbia University New York NY United States Dissemination & Training Division VA Palo Alto Health Care System Livermore CA United States Cancer Support Community Washington DC United States Alberta Health Services Calgary AB Canada Cumming School of Medicine Department of Oncology University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada

Expression of emotion has been linked to numerous critical and beneficial aspects of human functioning. Accurately capturing emotional expression in text grows in relevance as people continue to spend more time in an online environment. The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) is a commonly used program for the identification of many constructs, including emotional expression. In an earlier study by Bantum and Owen (Psychol. Assess. 21:79–88, 2009), LIWC was demonstrated to have good sensitivity yet poor positive predictive value. The goal of the current study was to create an automated machine learning technique to mimic manual coding. The sample included online support groups, cancer discussion boards, and transcripts from an expressive writing study, which resulted in 39,367 sentence-level coding decisions. In examining the entire sample, the machine learning approach outperformed LIWC, in all categories outside of sensitivity for negative emotion (LIWC sensitivity = 0.85;machine learning sensitivity = 0.41), although LIWC does not take into consideration prosocial emotion, such as affection, interest, and validation. LIWC performed significantly better than the machine learning approach when removing the prosocial emotions (p = <.0001). The sample overrepresented examples of emotion that fit into the overarching category of positive emotion. Remaining work is needed to create more effective machine learning features for codes that are thought to be important emotionally but were not well represented in the sample (e.g., frustration, contempt, and belligerence), and machine learning could be a fruitful method for continued exploration. © 2017, Springer International Publishing.

关键词： Cancer Emotional expression Linguistic analysis Machine learning

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Diversity and Function of Bacterial Microbiota in Aedes albopictus

Diversity and Function of Bacterial Microbiota in Aedes albo...

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中国动物学会寄生虫学专业委员会第十六次全国学术会议暨第七次国际寄生虫学学术研讨会

作者： Xiaoming Wang Kexing Huang Yijia Guo Kun Wu Guiyun Yan Xiao-Guang Chen Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical University Program in Public Health School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineUSA

Background: Aedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae) is the most important vector of arboviruses such as dengue and Zika ***'s also a highly invasive and very aggressive *** population control is currently the only effective method for dengue *** microbiota is ubiquitous and is intimately associated with invertebrates and vertebrates in ***,it's still unknown about the effects of microbiota on mosquito development and ***: Life table studies were conducted to determine the impact of bacterial microbiota in larval habitats on Aedes albopictus mosquito larval survivorship and *** Seq pyrosequencing of 16 S r RNA gene V4 hyper-variable region was used to examine the diversity and dynamics of microbiota in aquatic habitats,larvae and adult mosquitoes under the laboratory and natural *** assemblages of bacterial microbiota in Aedes albopictus wildtype strain,Wolbachia-free strain and a strain transfected by new types of Wolbachia were also examined by High-Throughput ***: Life table analysis found 6% larval-to-pupal survival rate in water from natural larval habitats,bacterial removed by filtration led to 3% pupation rate,but bacterial depletion of the same water using ampicillin antibiotics resulted in 0% pupation *** bacterial microbiota diversity was found in aquatic habitats,and each type of aquatic habitats possessed a large number of unique *** of adult mosquitoes differed significantly from those in the habitat *** diversity generally decreased from aquatic stage to *** content of Wolbachia increased with the age of mosquitoes in both laboratory strain and wild strain.q PCR revealed that w Alb A and w Alb B strains were the major components,and w Alb B was the dominant *** of Wolbachia from Aedes albopictus from the use of antibiotics and transfection of exogenous Wolbachia strain reshaped the composition of bacterial

关键词： Aedes albopictus Bacterial microbiota Diversity Function Wolbachia

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111. Pediatric and Adolescent Sepsis Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics, Emerging Infections program, 2014–2015

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2019年第SUPPLEMENT_2期6卷 S87–S87页

作者： Gokhale, Runa Hatti Sapiano, Matthew Dantes, Raymund Abanyie-Bimbo, Francisca Wilson, Lucy E Thompson, Nicola Perlmuter, Rebecca Nadle, Joelle Frank, Linda Brousseau, Geoff Johnston, Helen Bamberg, Wendy M Dumyati, Ghinwa Lynfield, Ruth DaSilva, Malini Kainer, Marion A Zhang, Alexia Y Ocampo, Valerie Samper, Monika Irizarry, Lourdes Sievers, Marla M Maloney, Meghan Ray, Susan Magill, Shelley Katz, David Epstein, Lauren Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion Atlanta Georgia University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore Maryland Maryland Department of Health Baltimore Maryland California Emerging Infections Program Oakland California Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Denver Colorado New York Rochester Emerging Infections Program at the University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York Minnesota Department of Health Saint Paul Minnesota HealthPartners Institute Minneapolis Minnesota Tennessee Department of Health Nashville Tennessee Oregon Public Health Division-Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention Portland Oregon Oregon Health Authority Portland Oregon New Mexico Department of Health Santa Fe New Mexico Connecticut Department of Health Hartford Connecticut Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia

Background Sepsis is an important contributor to mortality among children and young adults. However, recent studies focused on hospital management and burden estimation do not provide critical data to inform prevention efforts. We conducted detailed medical record reviews to describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of children and young adults with sepsis to inform prevention and early recognition targets. Methods We utilized the Emerging Infections program (EIP) to collect comprehensive data via retrospective record review for patients with severe sepsis or septic shock discharge diagnosis codes from a nonrandom sample of hospitals across 10 states. Children and young adults, aged 30 days through 21 years, discharged between September 30, 2014 and October 1, 2015, were randomly selected for inclusion. We performed a descriptive analysis of these data. Results Among 734 patients hospitalized with sepsis, 92% were living in a private residence 4 days before admission, 38% had an outpatient medical encounter in the 7 days before admission, 14% had sepsis onset after hospital day 3, and 11% died within 90 days of sepsis diagnosis. The most frequently identified infection was lower respiratory tract infection (14%); for 317 (43%) no infection was documented as a cause of sepsis. The most frequently identified pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus (10%); for 326 (44%) no pathogen was identified as a cause of sepsis. Among 394 (54%) patients with ≥1 chronic underlying medical condition (CUMC), the most common were pulmonary disease (35%), hematologic/oncologic disease (31%), immune compromise (24%), and cardiovascular disease (20%). Patients with CUMC had a higher percentage of their sepsis onset after hospital day 3, death within 90 days of sepsis diagnosis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a cause of sepsis (table). The percentage of patients with no pathogen identified was similar between those with CUMC and those without. Conclusion In our large cohort of chil

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962. Trends in Cervical Pre-cancers by Race and Ethnicity During the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Era, HPV Vaccine Impact Monitoring Project (HPV-IMPACT), United States, 2008–2016

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Open Forum Infect Dis 2019年第SUPPL 2期6卷 S29-S29页

作者： Julia Gargano Rayleen Lewis Hillary Hunt Nancy McClung Nancy M Bennett Marie Griffin Linda Niccolai Ina Park Melissa Powell Monica Brackney Mary Scahill Manideepthi Pemmaraju Deanna Fink Sara Ehlers Angela Cleveland Elizabeth R Unger Lauri Markowitz Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Division of Viral Diseases National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases CDC Atlanta Georgia University of Rochester Rochester New York Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee Yale School of Public Health New Haven Connecticut University of California at San Francisco California Oregon Health Authority Portland Oregon University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York California Emerging Infections Program Richmond California

Background Since human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine introduction in the United States in 2006, cervical pre-cancer incidence has declined in young women, but pre-cancer trends have not been reported by race/ethnicity. We evaluated trends in cervical pre-cancers from 2008 to 2016 in non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH black, NH Asian, and Hispanic women identified through active population-based surveillance in the 5-site Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Impact Monitoring Project (HPV-IMPACT). Methods We analyzed data on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2–3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2+) cases aged 20–39 years. Annual CIN2+ rates per 100,000 women were calculated stratified by race/ethnicity in 5-year age groups, using multiple imputation to account for 10% missing race/ethnicity data. Rates were also calculated using estimated numbers screened for cervical cancer to control for known declines in screening. Trends, evaluated using JoinPoint software, are presented as average annual percentage changes (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results A total of 18,222 CIN2+ cases (62% NH white, 16% NH black, 16% Hispanic, 6% Asian) were reported from 2008 to 2016. CIN2+ rates among 20–24 year-olds declined significantly in all groups: NH white, AAPC: −14.2 (95% CI: −16.3, −12.1); NH black, AAPC: −15.5 (−19.5, −11.4); Asian, AAPC: −14.8 (−20.5, −8.8); Hispanic, AAPC: −14.3 (−17.9, −10.5). In 25–29 year olds, a significant decline was observed for NH whites only (AAPC: −2.4, [−4.0, −0.8]). No declines were seen in 30–34 or 35–39 year olds. Among screened 20–24 year-olds, significant but smaller declines were observed (AAPC: −9.8 to −8.4); no declines were observed in screened 25–29 year olds or older groups. Conclusion In this evaluation of CIN2+ trends by race/ethnicity during the HPV vaccine era, the significant declines in 20–24 year olds across all groups, including among screened women, is consistent with equitable vaccine impact on CIN2+. Disclosures All A

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2553. Individual Patient-Level Data Meta-Analysis of Live Attenuated and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Among US Children, 2013–2014 Through 2015–2016

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018年第SUPPL_1期5卷 S68–S68页

作者： Chung, Jessie Flannery, Brendan Begue, Rodolfo Caspard, Herve Demarcus, Laurie Fowlkes, Ashley Kersellius, Geeta Steffens, Andrea Fry, Alicia M Influenza Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Infectious Diseases Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New orleans Louisiana AstraZeneca Gaithersburg Virginia DoD Global Laboratory-Based Influenza Surveillance Program is Defense Health Agency/Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch Air Force Satellite Cell Wright-Patterson AFB Ohio

Background Quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) was not recommended for use in the United States for the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 influenza seasons based on US observational studies of vaccine effectiveness (VE) from 2013–2014 to 2015–2016. We pooled individual patient data on children aged 2–17 years enrolled in 5 US studies during these 3 influenza seasons to further investigate VE by vaccine type. Methods Analyses included 17,173 children enrolled in the US Department of Defense Global Laboratory-based Influenza Surveillance program, US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network, Influenza Incidence Surveillance Project, Influenza Clinical Investigation for Children, and a Louisiana State University study. Participants’ specimens were tested for influenza by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), culture, or a combination of rapid antigen testing and RT-PCR. VE was calculated by comparing odds of vaccination with either inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) or LAIV4 among influenza-positive cases to test-negative controls and calculated as 100 × (1 − odds ratio) in logistic regression models with age, calendar time, influenza season, and study site (random effect). Patients were stratified by prior season vaccination status in a subanalysis. Results Overall, 38% of patients ( N = 6,558) were vaccinated in the current season, of whom 30% ( N = 1,979) received LAIV4. Pooled VE of IIV against any influenza virus was 51% (95% CI: 47, 54) versus 26% (95% CI: 15, 36) for LAIV4. Point estimates for pooled VE against any influenza by age group ranged from 45% to 58% for IIV and 19% to 34% for LAIV4 during the 3 seasons (Figures 1 and 2). Pooled VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 67% (95% CI: 62, 72) for IIV versus 20% (95% CI: −6, 39) for LAIV4. Pooled VE against influenza A(H3N2) was 29% (95% CI: 14, 42) for IIV versus 7% (95% CI: −11, 23) for LAIV4, and VE against influenza B was 52% (95% CI: 42, 60) for IIV and 66% (95% CI: 47, 77) fo

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*** aureusBacteremia Treatment: Results From Pilot Surveillance in Four US States

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018年第SUPPL_1期5卷 S316–S317页

作者： Kabbani, Sarah Jackson, Kelly Epstein, Lauren Gellert, Anita Bernu, Carmen Overton, Rahsaan Nadle, Joelle Dumyati, Ghinwa Lynfield, Ruth Ray, Susan M Epson, Erin See, Isaac Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia NY Emerging Infections Program Center for Community Health and Prevention University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota Georgia Emerging Infections Program Atlanta Georgia California Emerging Infections Program Oakland California University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia Healthcare-Associated Infections Program California Department of Public Health Richmond California

Background Staphylococcus aureus treatment guidelines are being revised to include proposed quality measures for evaluation of patients with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) (e.g., infectious disease [ID] consultation, echocardiogram, and documenting clearance of bacteremia). We describe current management practices of SAB to identify opportunities for quality improvement. Methods We conducted a pilot assessment of SAB cases reported to CDC’s Emerging Infections program active, laboratory- and population-based surveillance from 24 hospitals in four states during 1–2 months in 2017 or 2018. An SAB case was the isolation of S. aureus from a blood culture among adults (≥18 years) in the catchment area. We collected clinical and demographic information and performed a descriptive analysis of management of SAB cases. Results Among 109 SAB cases identified, 50 (46%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). While hospitalized, 87 (80%) patients were evaluated by ID consultation, 90 (83%) underwent an echocardiogram (26 were transesophageal), and 92 (84%) had documented clearance of bacteremia. During the hospitalization, 15 (14%) died and 12 (11%) left against medical advice (AMA). Of those who survived and did not leave AMA, median duration of hospitalization after initial culture was 10.5 days (interquartile range 7–18). In total, 10 survivors (9% of cases) completed at least 2 weeks of antibiotics while hospitalized, and 65 (60% of cases) were discharged on antibiotic therapy. Among the 25 MRSA patients discharged on antibiotics, common treatments were vancomycin (64%), daptomycin (8%), ceftaroline (8%), and linezolid (4%). Among the 40 methicillin-susceptible SAB patients discharged on antibiotics, cefazolin (56%), ceftriaxone (13%), cefepime (5%), linezolid (5%), nafcillin (3%), and vancomycin (3%) were most common. The remainder of outpatient treatments included oral β-lactams, clindamycin, doxycycline, levofloxacin, and erythromycin. Conclusion Overall, the majority o

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746. Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Among Hospitalized Adults, United States, 2014–2017

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018年第SUPPL_1期5卷 S268–S268页

作者： Kim, Lindsay Cikesh, Bryanna Kirley, Pam Daily Anderson, Evan J Eckel, Seth Como-Sabetti, Kathryn Dufort, Elizabeth M Felsen, Christina B Crawford, Courtney Talbot, H Keipp Langley, Gayle E Gerber, Susan I Division of Viral Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia California Emerging Infections Program Oakland California Emerging Infections Program Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center Atlanta Georgia Pediatrics and Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia Communicable Disease Division Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Lansing Michigan Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota Division of Epidemiology New York State Department of Health Albany New York NY Emerging Infections Program Center for Community Health and Prevention University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention Section Oregon Health Authority Portland Oregon Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee Respiratory Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines are in clinical development for older adults. We described RSV infections among adults requiring hospitalization and risk factors for severe outcomes using a population-based platform, the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET). Methods Surveillance occurred October 1–April 30 (2014–2017) at sites located in seven states (California, Georgia, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Oregon, and Tennessee) covering an annual catchment population of up to 13 million adults ≥18 years. Laboratory-confirmed RSV cases were identified using hospital and state public health laboratories, hospital infection preventionists, and/or reportable condition databases. Medical charts were reviewed for demographic and clinical data. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) discharge codes were abstracted. Odds ratios (Oregon) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined to assess risk factors for ICU hospitalization and deaths. Results A total of 2,326 hospitalized RSV cases were identified. Over half were ≥65 years (62%, n = 1,438/2,326), female (59%, n = 1,362/2,326), white (70%, n = 1,301/1,855), and had ≥3 underlying medical conditions (52%, n = 1,204/2,326). 20% ( n = 398/2,000) were hospitalized in the ICU (median length of stay, 3 days; interquartile range, 1–6 days), and 5% ( n = 96/2,001) died in the hospital. Congestive heart failure (CHF; OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.8) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.7) were associated with ICU admission, while age ≥80 years (OR: 4.1, 95% CI: 1.8–12.1) and CHF (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.6–3.6) were associated with in-hospital deaths. RSV-specific ICD codes were listed in the first 9 positions in only 44% (879/1,987) of cases. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the largest US case series of RSV-infected hospitalized adults. Most cases were ≥65 years and had multiple underlying medical conditions. Older age, CHF, and COPD were associat

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Sex-Specific Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Adverse Birth Outcomes: Results from the Korean Children's Environmental Health Study (Ko-Chens)

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Oh, Jongmin Shah, Surabhi Lee, Kyung A. Park, Eunkyo Lee, Dong-Wook Hong, Yun-Chul Song, Sanghwan Kim, Sung Yeon Park, Huibyeol Ha, Eunhee Kim, Suejin Park, Choonghee Song, Sanghwan Lee, Jueun Park, Huibyeol Jo, JungHeum Jung, A-Ra Yu, Seung Do Kim, Hyun Jeong Jung, Soon-Won Hong, Sooyeon Seo, Heung Won Hwang, Namkyoung Kang, Tack Shin Jeong, Dong Jin Lee, Seungjune Kim, Hwan-Cheol Jeong, Kyoung Sook Kim, Byungmi Lee, Seulbi Kim, Hyesook Kook, Hoon Baek, Hee Jo Moon, Jai Dong Park, Won Ju Shin, Myung-Geun Ha, Mina Paik, Ki-Chung Kwon, Ho-Jang Lim, Myung-Ho Yoo, Seung Jin Bae, Sanghyuk Kim, Jin Kyung Bae, Jisuk Hong, Young-Seoub Kim, Yu-Mi Son, Hyunjin Park, Mi-Hye Lim, Dae Hyun Kim, Jeong Hee Hong, Sung-Chul Lee, Keun Hwa Kim, Su-Young Kim, Woo Jin Na, Sunghun Lim, Myoung-Nam Yoo, Young Song, Dae Jin Lee, Jue Seong Yoon, Wonsuck Choe, Seung-Ah Kim, Seunghyun Choung, Ji Tae Kim, Sukyung Kim, Jihyun Ahn, Kangmo Hong, Yun-Chul Choi, Baek-Yong Ryoo, Seung-Woo Son, Seok-Yoon Lee, Ji-Hyeon Lee, Dong-Wook Woo, KuckHyeun Yoon, Seong Yong Hur, Jongil Choi, Kyung-Hwa Park, Myung-Sook Lee, Seung-Hwa Chu, Yeonhee Kim, Jung-Ah Kim, Yangho Lee, Jiho Sim, Chang Sun Kim, A. Ram Oh, Inbo Department of Environmental Medicine School of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Human Systems Medicine College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Inha University Hospital Inha University Incheon Korea Republic of Institute of Environmental Medicine Medical Research Center Seoul National University Korea Republic of Environmental Health Research Division National Institute of Environmental Research Incheon Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Ewha Medical Research Institute College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Environmental Health Research Division Department of Environmental Health Research National Institute of Environmental Research Ministry of Environment Incheon Korea Republic of Environmental Health Policy Division Office of Environmental Health Ministry of Environment Sejong Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Inha University School of Medicine Incheon Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Wonju College of Medicine Yonsei University Wonju Korea Republic of Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Control Institute National Cancer Center Goyang Korea Republic of Department of Big Data Strategy National Health Insurance Service Wonju Korea Republic of Department of Food and Nutrition Wonkwang University Iksan Korea Republic of Environmental Health Center for Childhood Leukemia and Cancer Department of Pediatrics Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital Hwasun Korea Republic of Environmental Health Center for Childhood Leukemia and Cancer Department of Occupational and

Objectives Although previous epidemiological studies have reported the effects of fetal exposure to phthalates and phenols on birth outcomes, evidence is limited. The objective of this study was to investigate whether prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals [EDCs;phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA)] is associated with birth outcomes and whether there are sex-specific *** We used data from the Korean CHildren’s ENvironmental health Study (Ko-CHENS) cohort. Exposure to phthalates and BPA was measured by urine tests, and the information on outcomes and confounders was obtained from delivery records, biomarker assessment, and a self-reported questionnaire. We performed multivariate logistic regression to estimate the association between exposure to individual EDCs and each birth outcome. Additionally, to evaluate the effects of EDC mixture exposure, we performed weighted quantile sum regression analysis. Subgroup analysis stratified by maternal age and sex at birth was performed to examine potential differences in *** This study included 2,176 mother-child pairs from the Ko-CHENS. We observed a significant association between the risk of PTB and exposure to BPA during early pregnancy and mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP) during late pregnancy, with odds ratios of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.49) and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.62), respectively. Additionally, there was a positive association between exposure to MCOP during early pregnancy and the risk of LBW (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.89). For male infants, exposure to MCOP during early pregnancy was associated with the risk of LBW (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.43, 4.15), and exposure to MCOP during late pregnancy was associated with the risk of PTB (OR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.02).Conclusions This study presents quantitative evidence for the association between prenatal exposure to EDCs, especially BPA and MCOP, and PTB/LBW. Moreover, the effect was particularly pronounced for older mothers (≥35 years) an

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LB9. Rising High Rate of Invasive Group AStreptococcusInfections Among Persons Experiencing Homelessness in San Francisco, 2010–2017

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018年第SUPPL_1期5卷 S762–S762页

作者： Scheuer, Tara Libby, Tanya Van Beneden, Chris Watt, James Reingold, Arthur Apostol, Mirasol Vugia, Duc California Emerging Infections Program Oakland California Respiratory Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia California Department of Public Health Richmond California School of Public Health University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California

Background Rates of invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) disease in the United States have risen since 2014; reasons remain unclear. Outbreaks of iGAS infection among persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) and persons who inject drugs in Europe, Canada, and the United States have been described. Using active, population-based surveillance data from California’s Emerging Infections program, we describe incidence trends and characteristics of iGAS infection among PEH and persons not experiencing homelessness (PNEH) in San Francisco (SF) County during 2010–2017. Methods We defined an iGAS case as infection with GAS isolated from a normally sterile site (e.g., blood) in an SF resident. We calculated annual iGAS disease incidence rates (cases per 100,000 population) for PEH and PNEH using denominators from SF’s Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing and the State of California Department of Finance. Demographic, clinical, and exposure characteristics of PEH and PNEH were compared by chi-square or t-test. Results We identified 673 iGAS cases in SF during 2010–2017. Among these, 34% (229/673) were among PEH. Annual iGAS incidence among PEH rose from ~300 (2010–2014) to 547 (95% CI: 379–714) per 100,000 in 2017 ( P < 0.001, Cochran-Armitage trend test); rates peaked at 758 (95% CI: 561–955) in 2016. Annual iGAS incidence in PNEH rose from a mean of 5 in 2010–2013 to 9.3 (95% CI: 7.3–11.4) per 100,000 in 2017 ( P < 0.001). Annual iGAS incidence in PEH was 42–72 times that in PNEH. PEH with iGAS infections were significantly younger and more likely to be male, white, and uninsured or enrolled in Medicaid ( P < 0.05 for each) compared with PNEH with iGAS disease. Case fatality ratios, ICU admission, infection type, and length of hospital stay did not differ significantly. Smoking, current injection drug use, current alcohol abuse, and AIDS diagnosis were significantly more common among PEH with iGAS. Obesity, diabetes, and cancer were significantly more common amo

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Corrigendum to: Environmental Sampling for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 During a COVID-19 Outbreak on the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship

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The Journal of infectious diseases 2021年第3期223卷 540页

作者： Takuya Yamagishi Makoto Ohnishi Nobuaki Matsunaga Kensaku Kakimoto Hajime Kamiya Kiyoko Okamoto Motoi Suzuki Yoshiaki Gu Mikiyo Sakaguchi Taichi Tajima Saho Takaya Norio Ohmagari Makoto Takeda Shutoku Matsuyama Kazuya Shirato Naganori Nao Hideki Hasegawa Tsutomu Kageyama Ikuyo Takayama Shinji Saito Koji Wada Retsu Fujita Hiroki Saito Keiji Okinaka Mathew Griffith Amy Elizabeth Parry Brenda Barnetson James Leonard Takaji Wakita Infectious Disease Surveillance Center National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan. National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan. Antimicrobial Resistance Clinical Research Center National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan. Field Epidemiology Training Program National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan. Disease Control and Prevention Center National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan. Department of Virology III National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan. Influenza Virus Research Center National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan. Graduate School of Public Health International University of Health and Welfare Chiba Japan. Innovation & Research Support Center International University of Health and Welfare Chiba Japan. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Yokohama City Seibu Hospital St. Marianna University School of Medicine Yokohama Japan. Division of General Internal Medicine National Cancer Center Hospital East Chiba Japan. Health Emergency Programme World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Manila Philippines. Department of Health Services Princess Cruises USA.

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