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Transmission of Clostridium difficile across Multiple Healthcare Facilities Revealed through Whole-Genome Sequencing

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American Journal of Infection control 2017年第6期45卷 S15-S15页

作者： Jacob M. Vinocur Joel Terriquez Linus Nienstadt Paul Keim Infection Control Scientist Northern Arizona Healthcare Infectious Disease and HIV specialist Medical Director of Infection Prevention and Antibiotic Stewardship Program Flagstaff Medical Center Infection Prevention Manager Northern Arizona Healthcare Regents' Professor and Cowden Chair Northern Arizona University

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Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is overexpressed in colorectal cancer onset

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Translational Medicine Communications 2017年第1期2卷 1-9页

作者： Míriam Tarrado-Castellarnau Santiago Diaz-Moralli Ibrahim H. Polat Marta Cascante Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona Víctor Moreno Cristina Alenda Antoni Castells Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Faculty of Biology Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit Barcelona Spain Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility Cancer Prevention and Control Program Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) IDIBELL and CIBERESP Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain Department of Pathology Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Alicante Spain Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Clínic IDIBAPS CIBEREHD Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain

BackgroundGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an essential regulator of glycolysis used as a housekeeping marker for gene/protein normalisation. Given the pivotal role of GAPDH in tumour metabolism, ou... 详细信息

Background

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an essential regulator of glycolysis used as a housekeeping marker for gene/protein normalisation. Given the pivotal role of GAPDH in tumour metabolism, our aim was to correlate its protein expression with tumour staging and prognosis of colorectal cancer.

Methods

GAPDH expression was immunohistochemically analysed in tumour tissues from 62 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and validated at mRNA level in an independent dataset comprising 98 paired stage II CRC and normal samples. Staining quantification was performed by computational image analysis, and correlations between GAPDH expression and tumour progression stage were assessed. Gene expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix microarrays. Probability of patient survival and disease-free survival were analysed by the univariate product-limit method of Kaplan-Meier. Groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results

Overexpression of GAPDH is positively associated with early stage tumours without regional lymph node and distant metastases involved. These results were reinforced by those obtained at mRNA level.

Conclusion

Studying the role of GAPDH in malignant transformation can shed new light on the understanding of tumour onset and lead to the design of more efficient personalised therapies.

关键词： GAPDH Colorectal cancer Tumour progression Tumour onset Biomarker

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1859. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Use in US Hospital Patients, 2011 vs. 2015

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018年第SUPPL_1期5卷 S531–S531页

作者： Magill, Shelley S O’Leary, Erin Ray, Susan M Morabit, Susan Perry, Lewis Kainer, Marion A Beard, Raphaelle H Bamberg, Wendy Johnston, Helen L Lynfield, Ruth Rainbow, Jean Warnke, Linn Nadle, Joelle Thompson, Deborah L Sievers, Marla M Sharmin, Shamima Hancock, Emily B Pierce, Rebecca Zhang, Alexia Y Maloney, Meghan Wilson, Lucy E Buhr, Nicolai Richards, Katherine Dumyati, Ghinwa Edwards, Jonathan R Emerging Infections program Hospital Prevalence Survey Team Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia Georgia Emerging Infections Program Decatur Georgia Tennessee Department of Health Nashville Tennessee Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Denver Colorado Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota California Emerging Infections Program Oakland California Presbyterian Healthcare Services Albuquerque New Mexico New Mexico Department of Health Santa Fe New Mexico Oregon Health Authority Portland Oregon Connecticut Department of Health Hartford Connecticut Maryland Department of Health Baltimore Maryland New York Emerging Infections Program at the University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York

Background Antimicrobial stewardship (AS) is increasingly recognized as an essential component of patient safety programs. In a US hospital prevalence survey in 2011, 50% of patients received antimicrobial drugs (ADs). The survey was repeated in 2015 to describe changes in inpatient antimicrobial use, approximately one year after CDC published the “Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship programs.” Methods Emerging Infections program (EIP) sites in 10 states recruited up to 25 hospitals each, seeking to re-engage hospitals that participated in the 2011 survey. Hospitals selected survey dates from May to September 2015 and completed AS questionnaires. Patients were randomly sampled from the hospital census on the survey date. EIP staff retrospectively reviewed medical records to collect AD data. Percentages of patients on ADs on the survey date or the day before were compared using chi-square tests (SAS 9.4, OpenEpi 3.01). Results In 2015, among 148 hospitals participating in both surveys, 29 (19.6%) reported having no AS team (AST); 63 (42.6%) had ASTs for <4 years, and 56 (37.8%) had ASTs for ≥4 years. Antimicrobial use prevalence in 2015 was approximately 50% in hospitals with and without ASTs. Percentages of patients on ADs was not different in 2015 (4,590/9,169, 50.1%) compared with 2011 (4,606/9,283, 49.6%, P = 0.55). Antimicrobial use prevalence in most hospital locations did not change, although the percentage of neonatal intensive and special care unit patients on ADs was lower in 2015 compared with 2011 (22.1% vs. 30.7%, P = 0.005). The percentage of patients on fluoroquinolones was lower in 2015, while percentages of patients on carbapenems or cephalosporins were higher in 2015 than in 2011 (figure). Conclusion Some observed differences between 2011 and 2015 provide evidence of stewardship impact. The decrease in antimicrobial use in selected neonatal locations may reflect implementation of tools to improve neonatal sepsis prescribing, while decre

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482. Association between Socioeconomic Status Factors and Incidence of Community-Associated Clostridium difficile Infection Utilizing Factor Analysis—United States, 2014–2015

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Open Forum Infect Dis 2018年第SUPPL 1期5卷 S179-S179页

作者： Kimberly Skrobarcek Yi Mu Jennifer Ahern Zintars Beldavs Geoff Brousseau Ghinwa Dumyati Monica M Farley Stacy Holzbauer Marion A Kainer James I Meek Rebecca Perlmutter Erin C Phipps Lisa G Winston Alice Y Guh Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California Oregon Health Authority Portland Oregon Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Denver Colorado NY Emerging Infections Program Center for Community Health and Prevention University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine and Atlanta VA Medical Center Atlanta Georgia Minnesota Department of Health Saint Paul Minnesota Communicable and Environmental Diseases and Emergency Preparedness Tennessee Department of Public Health Nashville Tennessee Connecticut Emerging Infections Program Yale School of Public Health New Haven Connecticut Maryland Department of Health Baltimore Maryland New Mexico Emerging Infections Program University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico Medicine University of California San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center San Francisco California

Background Traditionally a healthcare-associated infection, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasingly emerging in communities. Health disparities in CDI exist, but the social determinants of health that influence community-associated (CA) CDI are unknown. We used factor analysis and disparate data sources to identify area-based socioeconomic status (SES) factors associated with CA-CDI incidence. Methods CDC’s Emerging Infections program conducts population-based CDI surveillance in 35 US counties. A CA-CDI case is defined as a positive C. difficile specimen collected as an outpatient or within 3 days of hospitalization in a person aged ≥1 year without a positive test in the prior 8 weeks or an overnight stay in a healthcare facility in the prior 12 weeks. 2014–2015 CA-CDI case addresses were geocoded to a 2010 census tract (CT) and incidence rates were calculated. CT-level SES variables were obtained from the 2011–2015 American Community Survey. The Health Resources and Services Administration provided medically underserved area (MUA) designations. Exploratory factor analysis transformed 15 highly correlated SES variables into threefactors using scree plot and Kaiser criteria: “Low Income,” “Foreign-born,” and “High Income.” To account for CT-level clustering, a negative binomial generalized linear mixed model was used to evaluate the associations of these factors and MUA with CA-CDI incidence, adjusting for age, sex, race and diagnostic test. Results Of 13,903 CA-CDI geocoded cases, 63% were female, 80% were white, and 36% were aged ≥65 years. Annual CA-CDI incidence was 63.4/100,000 persons. In multivariable analysis, “Low Income” (rate ratio [RR]: 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.13) and “High Income” (RR: 0.90; CI: 0.87–0.93) were significantly associated with CA-CDI incidence. Conclusion Factor analysis was instrumental in identifying key drivers of disparities among interrelated SES variables. Low-income areas were surprisingly associated

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Risk Model for Colorectal Cancer in Spanish Population Using Environmental and Genetic Factors: Results from the MCC-Spain study (vol 7, 43263, 2017)

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2017年第1期7卷 1-12页

作者： Ibanez-Sanz, Gemma Diez-Villanueva, Anna Henar Alonso, M. Rodriguez-Moranta, Francisco Perez-Gomez, Beatriz Bustamante, Mariona Martin, Vicente Llorca, Javier Amiano, Pilar Ardanaz, Eva Tardon, Adonina Jimenez-Moleon, Jose J. Peiro, Rosana Alguacil, Juan Navarro, Carmen Guino, Elisabet Binefa, Gemma Fernandez-Navarro, Pablo Espinosa, Anna Davila-Batista, Veronica Molina, Antonio Jose Palazuelos, Camilo Castano-Vinyals, Gemma Aragones, Nuria Kogevinas, Manolis Pollan, Marina Moreno, Victor Cancer Prevention and Control Program Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Madrid Spain. Gastroenterology Department Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain. Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Department National Center of Epidemiology - Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain. Oncology and Hematology Area IIS Puerta De Hierro Cancer Epidemiology Research Group Madrid Spain. ISGlobal Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) Barcelona Spain. Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED). Grupo de investigación en interacciones gen ambiente y salud. Universidad de León León Spain. Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL Santander Spain. Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa Biodonostia Research Institute San Sebastian Spain. Navarra Public Health Institute Navarra Spain. University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Hospitales Universitarios de Granada Granada Spain. Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana FISABIO-Salud Pública Valencia. Centre for Research in Health and Environment (CYSMA) Universidad de Huelva Huelva Spain. Department of Epidemiology IMIB-Arrixaca and Department of Health and Social Sciences Murcia Regional Health Council Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain. IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute) Barcelona Spain. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona Spain. School of Public Health Athens Greece. Cancer Prevention and Control Program Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain. v.moreno@***. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Madrid Spain. v.moreno@***. Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain. v.moreno@iconcologia.net.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening of the average risk population is only indicated according to age. We aim to elaborate a model to stratify the risk of CRC by incorporating environmental data and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The MCC-Spain case-control study included 1336 CRC cases and 2744 controls. Subjects were interviewed on lifestyle factors, family and medical history. Twenty-one CRC susceptibility SNPs were genotyped. The environmental risk model, which included alcohol consumption, obesity, physical activity, red meat and vegetable consumption, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, contributed to CRC with an average per factor OR of 1.36 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.45). Family history of CRC contributed an OR of 2.25 (95% CI 1.87 to 2.72), and each additional SNP contributed an OR of 1.07 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.10). The risk of subjects with more than 25 risk alleles (5 quintile) was 82% higher (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.98) than subjects with less than 19 alleles (1 quintile). This risk model, with an AUROC curve of 0.63 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.66), could be useful to stratify individuals. Environmental factors had more weight than the genetic score, which should be considered to encourage patients to achieve a healthier lifestyle.

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Will participatory syndromic surveillance work in Latin america? piloting a mobile approach to crowdsource influenza-like illness data in Guatemala

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JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 2017年第4期3卷 e87页

作者： Prieto, José Tomás Jara, Jorge H. Alvis, Juan Pablo Furlan, Luis R. Murray, Christian Travis Garcia, Judith Benghozi, Pierre-Jean Kaydos-Daniels, Susan Cornelia Center for Health Studies Universidad del Valle de Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemala Centre de Recherche en Gestion Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Ecole Polytechnique Palaiseau France Center for Studies in Applied Informatics Universidad del Valle de Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemala Ministry of Health Guatemala City Guatemala Influenza Program US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guatemala City Guatemala

Background: In many Latin American countries, official influenza reports are neither timely nor complete, and surveillance of influenza-like illness (ILI) remains thin in consistency and precision. Public participation with mobile technology may offer new ways of identifying nonmedically attended cases and reduce reporting delays, but no published studies to date have assessed the viability of ILI surveillance with mobile tools in Latin America. We implemented and assessed an ILI-tailored mobile health (mHealth) participatory reporting system. Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the quality and characteristics of electronically collected data, the user acceptability of the symptom reporting platform, and the costs of running the system and of identifying ILI cases, and to use the collected data to characterize cases of reported ILI. Methods: We recruited the heads of 189 households comprising 584 persons during randomly selected home visits in Guatemala. From August 2016 to March 2017, participants used text messages or an app to report symptoms of ILI at home, the ages of the ILI cases, if medical attention was sought, and if medicines were bought in pharmacies. We sent weekly reminders to participants and compensated those who sent reports with phone credit. We assessed the simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, stability, timeliness, and data quality of the system. Results: Nearly half of the participants (47.1%, 89/189) sent one or more reports. We received 468 reports, 83.5% (391/468) via text message and 16.4% (77/468) via app. Nine-tenths of the reports (93.6%, 438/468) were received within 48 hours of the transmission of reminders. Over a quarter of the reports (26.5%, 124/468) indicated that at least someone at home had ILI symptoms. We identified 202 ILI cases and collected age information from almost three-fifths (58.4%, 118/202): 20 were aged between 0 and 5 years, 95 were aged between 6 and 64 years, and three were aged 65 years or

关键词： Crowdsourcing Developing countries Grippe Human flu Influenza MHealth Mobile apps Short message service Text message Texting

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Corrigendum to "Spumaretroviruses: Updated taxonomy and nomenclature" [Virology 516 (2018) 158-164]

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Virology 2019年 528卷 208-208页

作者： Arifa S Khan Jochen Bodem Florence Buseyne Antoine Gessain Welkin Johnson Jens H Kuhn Jacek Kuzmak Dirk Lindemann Maxine L Linial Martin Löchelt Magdalena Materniak-Kornas Marcelo A Soares William M Switzer Laboratory of Retroviruses US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD 20993 USA. Electronic address: arifa.khan@fda.hhs.gov. Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany. Unit of Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic Viruses Institut Pasteur Paris France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR3569 Paris France. Biology Department Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA. Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Frederick MD 21702 USA. Department of Biochemistry National Veterinary Research Institute Puławy Poland. Institute of Virology Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany. Division of Basic Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA 98109 USA. Research Program Infection Inflammation and Cancer German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ) Heidelberg Germany. Instituto Nacional de Câncer and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil. Laboratory Branch Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30329 USA.

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Prevalence of and Factors Associated withClostridium difficileCo-infection Among Patients with Candidemia, United States, 2014–2016

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2017年第SUPPL_1期4卷 S55-S55页

作者： Sharon Tsay Kaitlin Benedict Zintars G Beldavs Monica M Farley Lee H Harrison William Schaffner Taryn Gerth Tom Chiller Snigdha Vallabhaneni Mycotic Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Epidemic Intelligence Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Oregon Health Authority Portland Oregon Oregon Emerging Infections Program Portland Oregon Georgia Emerging Infections Program Atlanta Georgia Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine and Atlanta VA Medical Center Atlanta Georgia Maryland Emerging Infections Program Baltimore MD Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville Tennessee Tennessee Emerging Infections Program Nashville Tennessee

Background Candidemia and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) are two common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and share risk factors such as antibiotic use and prolonged hospitalization. CDI and CDI treatment disrupt gut microbial diversity, allowing Candida overgrowth and translocation to the bloodstream. We describe CDI co-infection among patients with candidemia. Methods Population-based surveillance for candidemia was conducted through CDC’s Emerging Infections program during 2014–2016. A case of candidemia was defined as a blood culture positive for Candida species collected from a surveillance area resident. Demographic and medical information, including occurrence of CDI was collected. We defined co-infection as CDI within 90 days of candidemia and performed bivariable analysis to assess factors associated with co-infection. Results Among 2129 cases of candidemia, 190 (9%) had CDI co-infection; 116 (5%) had CDI in the 90 days before candidemia (median: 10 days) and 60 (3%) had CDI following candidemia (median: 8 days). The median age of those with CDI-candidemia co-infection was 61 years and 100 (53%) were male. Compared with candidemia alone, the odds of CDI-candidemia co-infection was significantly greater for patients of black race (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.05–1.90), those with diabetes (OR 1.68, 1.24–2.27), pancreatitis (OR 1.91, 1.01–3.61), or solid organ transplant (OR 4.15, 2.09–8.22). Those with co-infection had higher odds of certain healthcare exposures: hemodialysis (OR 2.27, 1.57–3.28), hospital stay in the past 90 days (OR 1.9, 1.37–2.64), ICU admission in the past 14 days (OR 1.78, 1.20–2.66), and central venous catheter (CVC) at the time of candidemia (OR 1.71, 1.19–2.46). There were no significant differences in 30-day mortality or in type of Candida species, although C. parapsilosis was less common in the co-infection group (8% vs. 13%). Conclusion Nearly one in ten patients with candidemia also had CDI co-infection. Black race, certain und

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Emerging roles of podoplanin in vascular development and homeostasis

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Frontiers of Medicine 2015年第4期9卷 421-430页

作者： Yanfang Pan Lijun Xia Department of Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hangzhou 310051 China State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China Cardiovascular Biology Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation OK 73104 USA

Podoplanin （PDPN） is a mucin-type O-glycoprotein expressed in diverse cell types, such as lymphatic endothelial cells （LECs） in the vascular system and fibroblastic reticular cells （FRCs） in lymph nodes. PDPN on LECs or FRCs activates CLEC-2 in platelets, triggering platelet activation and/or aggregation through downstream signaling events, including activation of Syk kinase. This mechanism is required to initiate and maintain separation of blood and lymphatic vessels and to stabilize high endothelial venule integrity within lymph nodes. In the vascular system, normal expression of PDPN at the LEC surface requires transcriptional activation of Pdpn by Proxl and modification of PDPN with core 1-derived O-glycans. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the roles of PDPN in vascular development and lymphoid organ maintenance and discusses the mechanisms that regulate PDPN expression related to its function.

关键词： podoplanin CLEC-2 Proxl O-glycosylation lymphatic vascular development and maintenance lymphoid organ homeostasis

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Health Seeking Behaviors of Current and Former Smokers: 2015 National Health Interview Survey Results

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Annals of Epidemiology 2017年第8期27卷 536-536页

作者： Cassie L. Odahowski Erica Sercy Jan M. Eberth Cancer Prevention and Control Program University of South Carolina Columbia SC Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of South Carolina Columbia SC SC Rural Health Research Center University of South Carolina Columbia SC

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