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The private well water climate impact index: Characterization of community-level climate-related hazards and vulnerability in the continental United States

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Science of the Total Environment 2024年 957卷 177409页

作者： Peer, Komal Hubbard, Brian Monti, Michele Vander Kelen, Patrick Werner, Angela K. National Environmental Public Health Tracking Program Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice National Center for Environmental Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AtlantaGA United States Environmental Health Services Program Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice National Center for Environmental Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AtlantaGA United States

Background: Private wells use groundwater as their source and their drinking water quality is unregulated in the United States at the federal level. Due to the lack of water quality regulations, those reliant on private wells have the responsibility of ensuring that the water is safe to drink. Where extreme weather is projected to increase with climate change, contamination due to climate-related hazards adds further layers of complexity for those relying on private wells. We sought to characterize community-level climate-related hazards and vulnerability for persons dependent on private wells in the continental United States (CONUS). Additional objectives of this work were to quantify the burden to private well water communities by climate region and demographic group. Methods: Grounded in the latest climate change framework and private well water literature, we created the Private Well Water Climate Impact Index (PWWCII). We searched the literature and identified nationally consistent, publicly available, sub-county data to build Overall, Drought, Flood, and Wildfire PWWCIIs at the national and state scales. We adapted the technical construction of this relative index from the California Communities Environmental Health Screening Tool (CalEnviroScreen 4.0). Results: The distribution of climate-related impact census tracts varied across CONUS by nationally-normed PWWCII type. Compared to the Southeast where the majority of the 2010 estimated U.S. private well water population lived, the estimated persons dependent upon private well water living in the West had an increased odds of living in higher impact census tracts for the Overall, Drought, and Wildfire PWWCIIs across CONUS. Compared to non-Hispanic White persons, non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons had an increased odds of living in higher impact census tracts for all four PWWCII types across CONUS. Conclusions: The PWWCII fills a gap as it provides a baseline understanding of potenti

关键词： Water wells

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Japanese Encephalitis in China in the Period of 1950–2018:From Discovery to control

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2021年第3期34卷 175-183页

作者： CHEN Xiao Jing WANG Huan Yu LI Xiao Long GAO Xiao Yan LI Ming Hua FU Shi Hong HE Ying LI Fan YIN Qi Kai XU Song Tao WU Dan LI Yi Xing YIN Zun Dong YANG Guang LIANG Guo Dong Department of Arbovirus NHC Key Laboratory of BiosafetyNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Department of Epidemiology School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632GuangdongChina Department of Environmental and Global Health College of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleUSA Department of Science and Technology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China Department of Microbiology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Japanese encephalitis(JE)was first discovered in Japan in 1871;in 1924,a major outbreak occurred,with 6,000 JE cases reported and a mortality rate of approximately 60%[1,2].Later studies showed that JE is caused by th... 详细信息

关键词： encephalitis Japanese JEV

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Examining Inequality in the Public Health Workforce Distribution in the Centers for Disease control and prevention(CDCs) System in China, 2008–2017

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2020年第5期33卷 374-383页

作者： LI Yuan Qiu CHEN Hao GUO Hao Yan Office of Policy Research Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

Objective Allocation of human resources to address inequalities in the public health system has increasingly attracted societal and political *** the Centers for Disease control and prevention(CDCs)system of China as an example,we evaluated inequality in the public health workforce distribution across different regions in China between 2008 and 2017,with the aim of providing information for policymakers to support resource allocation and address growing health *** We used three standard public health workforce inequality indices-Gini coefficient,Theil L,and Theil T-and spatial autocorrelation analysis to explore spatial clusters of the workforce in different provinces,visualized with geographical *** The aggregate workforce-to-population ratio decreased from 1.47 to 1.42 per 10,000 population from 2008 to 2017,and was consistently lower than the National Health Commission’s(NHC)recommended critical shortage threshold of *** workforce distribution inequality indices varied by regional socioeconomic and health system *** clustering of CDCs workforce distribution was evident,with H–H and L–L clusters in western China and the Guangdong-Fujian region,*** Our study addressed key issues for government and policymakers in allocation of public health human *** is an urgent need for careful identification of analytic questions that will help carry out public health functions in the new era,alongside policy implications for an equitable distribution of the public health workforce focusing on the western region and low–low cluster areas.

关键词： Inequality Public health workforce CDCs Gini coefficient Geographical distribution

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Immunogenicity of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease—Hebei Province,China,September−December,2019

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China CDC weekly 2021年第16期3卷 331-334,I0001页

作者： Yan Li Ying Ma Zhijie An Chenyan Yue Yamin Wang Liye Wang Yunqiu Liu Xiaodong Yuan Shuping Zhang Qiang Ye Hong Li Keli Li Zundong Yin Huaqing Wang National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Kailuan General Hospital TangshanHebeiChina National Institute for Food and Drug Control BeijingChina.

Summary What is already known on this topic?The global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is *** infection is associated with acute exacerbations of COPD(AECOPD).The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine(PPSV23)is recommended for COPD patients to decrease AECOPD due to pneumococcus,but evidence on the immunogenicity of PPSV23 in COPD patients is *** is added by this report?

关键词： AECOPD vaccine acute

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Comprehensive Analysis of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Trends in Costa Rica: Implications for Public Health

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2024年第5期15卷 219-221页

作者： Guzman Percy Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program (CPFP) Division of Cancer Prevention (DCP) National Cancer Institute (NCI) Rockville Maryland United States Health Assessment Research Branch (HARB) Health Delivery Research Program (HDRP) Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) Rockville Maryland United States

This commentary delves into the evolving landscape of cancer incidence and mortality in Costa Rica, presenting a comprehensive analysis of the data. Key findings reveal a concerning upward trajectory in cancer incidence rates, placing Costa Rica at the forefront within Central America. While prostate cancer and breast cancer dominate, disparities emerge when scrutinizing gender-specific trends. Notably, stomach and cervical cancers show declines, potentially attributed to targeted interventions. However, colorectal and liver cancers witness mortality increases, necessitating strategic responses. Geographical disparities persist across provinces, highlighting the need for equitable healthcare access. In conclusion, this commentary underscores the urgency of addressing the burgeoning cancer burden in Costa Rica, calling for evidence-based interventions and collaborative efforts on a global scale.

关键词： Cancer Incidence Cancer Mortality Costa Rica Cancer Trends Risk Factors Early Detection Public Health

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False alarm on a malaria "outbreak" linked to inconsistencies in malaria diagnostic supply: a call to strengthen supply chain management: Sierra Leone, May-July 2023

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MALARIA JOURNAL 2025年第1期24卷 1-10页

作者： Devita, Timothy N. Kabia, Aminata B. Khobi, James A. M. Malimbo, Mugagga Kamara, Samba Magoba, Bridget Gebru, Gebrekrstos N. Jammeh, Anna H. Painter, John A. Ansumana, Thomas K. Sillah-Kanu, Musa Schnabel, David C. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Malaria Branch Atlanta GA 30329 USA US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Epidem Intelligence Serv Atlanta GA 30329 USA African Field Epidemiol Network Freetown Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Field Epidemiol Training Program Freetown Sierra Leone WHO Freetown Sierra Leone United States Agcy Int Dev United States Presidents Malaria Initiat Freetown Sierra Leone CDCP US Presidents Malaria Initiat Atlanta GA USA Minist Hlth Freetown Sierra Leone Ctr Dis Control & Prevention United States Presidents Malaria Initiat Freetown Sierra Leone

BackgroundMalaria transmission in Sierra Leone is intense and perennial, accounting for 40% of clinical consultations. Medical workers diagnose suspected malaria cases using rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and microscopy, with facility-level results reported to the Health Management Information System (HMIS) as monthly aggregates. Commodity stocks are reported to the Logistics Management Information System (LMIS). Partners investigated a striking increase in confirmed malaria during May-July 2023 in Sierra Leone, peaking in June to 46% above the June 2018-2022 *** team first analysed national, district, and facility HMIS/LMIS data for RDT stocks, testing rates, and confirmed cases during January 2018-October 2023. Epidemic thresholds, defined as case counts two standard deviations (sigma) above the previous 5 years' monthly mean, were assessed. Then four facilities in two districts were visited to interview staff. Lastly, the team reanalysed LMIS RDT stock data for all facilities in Sierra Leone using R to categorize their stock status by *** epidemic thresholds were surpassed in May (2.56 sigma) and June (4.81 sigma) 2023. Twelve of sixteen districts surpassed epidemic thresholds during May-June. Investigation revealed inconsistent RDT distribution to facilities over time. National RDT distribution spiked in May 2023, when 551,888 RDT test kits were delivered. This was substantially larger than the 2019-2022 mean for May (53,121, 1,000% increase) and all months (126,866, 435% increase). Subsequently in June 2023, 386,343 tests were performed, 36% higher than the June 2018-2022 mean (285,123). Staff at all four visited facilities reported recurrent RDT stockouts. The proportion of facilities in Sierra Leone reporting positive RDT stocks at both the start and end of the month increased from 14% in April to 74% in June. 51% of facilities began May with RDT stockout and received RDTs that *** 2023 spike in confirmed malaria w

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Three Cases of COVID-19 Variant Delta With and Without Vaccination——Chengdu City,Sichuan Province,April-May,2021

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China CDC weekly 2021年第25期3卷 544-546页

作者： Heng Chen Yi Mao Zhenhua Duan Liang Wang Yue Cheng Yingxue Dai Haixia Luo Wenjun Xie Shuangfeng Fan Yuzhen Zhou Jingpei Xu Lan Feng Liwen Hu Zhu Liu Xian Liang Liangshuang Jiang Xiaoli Tuo Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduSichuanChina Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention ChengduSichuanChina Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu ChengduSichuanChina Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

On April 26,2021,a 33-year-old male Chinese sailor returning from India via Kathmandu,Nepal,tested positive for the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)by Chengdu Customs and was confirmed positive by Chengdu CDC(Case A).On May 2,2021,a housewife in the same flight tested positive for COVID-19 by Pengzhou CDC in Sichuan Province during her quarantine period and was confirmed positive by Chengdu CDC the next day(Case B).

关键词： fir Chengdu COV

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Establishing a Strategic Foresight Learning and Action Network (SF-LAN) at the Centers for Disease control and prevention (CDC)

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World Futures Review 2024年第3期16卷 244 - 260页

作者： Andy Hines Martin J. Vincent Richard W. Puddy University of Houston Foresight Program Houston TX USA Policy Analysis and Engagement Office (PAEO) Office of Policy Performance and Evaluation (OPPE) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta Georgia

This article chronicles the experiences and lessons learned in establishing strategic foresight (SF) in a U.S. government organization. This has value to the field of foresight, which is seeking to establish foresight in organizations as an intentional capability to explore alternative futures and work towards preferred futures. This work also has particular value to other federal agencies establishing or considering establishing a SF practice.

关键词： strategic foresight community of practice horizon scanning framework foresight futurists

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Effectiveness of Catch-Up Vaccinations after COVID-19 Containment--China,2020

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China CDC weekly 2020年第50期2卷 968-974页

作者： Jing Wu Wenzhou Yu Lei Cao Lingsheng Cao Lance Rodewald Jiakai Ye Yifan Song Li Li Xiaoxue Liu Ning Wen Fuzhen Wang Lixin Hao Yixing Li Hui Zheng Keli Li Chao Ma Dan Wu Yanmin Liu Guomin Zhang Zhijie An Huaqing Wang Zundong Yin National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention NanchangJiangxiChina

Introduction:In the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic in China,the highest level of public health emergency response(Level 1 Response)was launched in all province-level administrative divisions(PLADs)across the *** of vaccination services was selectively suspended due to the physical distancing and gathering restrictions required of Level 1 *** purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on vaccination services and the effectiveness of selective vaccination service suspension and catch-up vaccinations in ***:Vaccine doses administered,routine vaccination coverage levels,catch-up vaccine doses administered,and coverage levels after the catch-up campaign were determined from individual vaccination records in sampled clinics,standard routine immunization administrative coverage reports,and catch-up vaccination activity reports submitted by PLADs between October 2019 and October ***:National Immunization program(NIP)and non-NIP vaccine doses administered in sampled clinics decreased by 80% and 90%,respectively,compared with doses administered before the COVID-19 *** with the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine(HepB1)and the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine(BCG)—two vaccinations recommended to continue throughout the epidemic due to their timecritical nature—were maintained at over 85%,while coverage of other NIP vaccines decreased to below 60%by February ***-up vaccination coverage of the 29 PLADs,excluding Xinjiang and Xizang(Tibet),began in April 2020 and exceeded 90%;Hubei catch-up coverage was 95% by October *** and Implications for Public Health Practice:The COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on China’s vaccination *** the epidemic and time of local transmission of the coronavirus,HepB1,BCG,rabies vaccine for postexposure prophylaxis,and tetanus antitoxin(TAT)for wound prophylaxis were maintained at high *** the 69 million vacci

关键词： doses routine maintained

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Detection and Initial Response to a Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus—Sichuan Province,China,2019

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China CDC weekly 2020年第11期2卷 172-175页

作者： Jiushun Zhou Ning Wen Yong Zhang Qi Qi Chunxiang Fan Dongmei Yan Xiaoping Zhu Lixin Hao Shuangli Zhu Yu Liu Xiaozhen Ma Chao Ma Lei Nan Yong Chen Qianli Ma Cheng Wang Kun Deng Lei Cao Ge Shao Xianxiang Ding Hong Yang Zhijie An Lance ERodewald Aiqiang Xu Huaqing Wang Zijian Feng Zundong Yin Xianping Wu Wenbo Xu Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention ChengduSichuanChina National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention XichangSichuanChina Leibo county Center for Disease Control and Prevention LeiboLiangshanSichuanChina Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention JinanShandongChina

What is already known about this topic?After the type 2 strain of the live,attenuated poliovirus vaccine was withdrawn globally in 2016,any identification of a type 2 poliovirus is a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.A vaccinederived type 2 poliovirus(VDPV2)was identified in Sichuan,prompting an urgent,comprehensive investigation and *** is added by this report?Type 2 monovalent,live,attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine(mOPV2)is being used to respond to the numerous VDPV2 outbreaks seen around the *** contrast,the response in Sichuan used Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus(sIPV)to stop circulation of the *** the 6 months following the vaccination response,there have been no VDPV2s detected in Sichuan,despite extensive *** are the implications for public health practices?Further search for the VDPV2 must continue in order to determine whether transmission has been *** ongoing investigation and response to the Sichuan VDPV2 is providing evidence to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative on managing VDPV2 outbreaks.

关键词： prompt globally Type

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