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Editorial Commentary: Preventing Malaria in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women

Clinical Infectious Diseases 2014年第5期58卷 660-662页

作者： Bulterys, Philip L. Kaplan, Jonathan E. Gutman, Julie UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Division of Global HIV/AIDS Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria Center for Global Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia

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Selected abstracts from the Breastfeeding and Feminism International Conference 2016 Abstracts

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INTERNATIONAL BREASTFEEDING JOURNAL 2016年第SUPPL 1期11卷 26-26页

作者： [Anonymous] Judith Lumley Centre La Trobe University Melbourne Australia Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine New Orleans LA USA Ochsner Health System New Orleans LA USA Health and Wellness Program at Union Institute and University Cincinnati Ohio USA The Healthy Children Project Inc East Sandwich MA USA University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA Lactation Consultant Private Practice Wyndmoor PA USA News Analysis and Crisis Communications Consultant Edmonton Alberta Canada Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute Gillings Global School of Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Women’s Birth & Wellness Center Chapel Hill NC USA Women Infants and Children (WIC) Department State of Nevada Nevada USA School of Nursing University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Department of Maternal and Child Health Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Department of Nursing and Midwifery University of the West of England Bristol UK University of the West of England Bristol UK School of Nursing Boise State University Boise ID USA Department of Nursing Saint Anselm College Manchester NH USA College of Nursing Texas Woman’s University Denton TX USA School of Science and Health Western Sydney University Richmond Australia National Association of County and City Health Officials Washington DC USA Richmond Healthy Start Initiative Richmond VA USA St. Louis Breastfeeding Coalition St. Louis MO USA VA Alliance for Breastfeeding Laws Richmond VA USA Family Support Hawaii Kealakekua HI USA Maternal and Child Health Program School of Public Health University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico Coalición para la Lactancia Materna en Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico Behavioral Sciences Community College of Baltimore County Maryland USA

A1. Infant feeding and poverty: a public health perspective in a global context Lisa H. Amir A2. Mothers’ experiences with galactagogues for lactation: an exploratory cross sectional study Alessandra Bazzano, Shelley Thibeau, Katherine P. Theall A3. The motherhood journey and breastfeeding: from self-efficacy to resilience and social stigma Anna Blair, Karin Cadwell A4. Breastfeeding as an evolutionary adaptive behavior Emily A. Bronson A5. Conflict-of-interest in public health policy: as real as that logo on your website Elizabeth C. Brooks A6. Co-opting sisterhood and motherhood: behind the scenes of Similac’s aggressive social media campaigns Jodine Chase A7. The exclusion of women from the definition of exclusive breastfeeding Ellen Chetwynd, Rebecca Costello, Kathryn Wouk A8. Healthy maternity policies in the workplace: a state health department’s experience with the “Bring Your Infant to Work” program Lindsey Dermid-Gray A9. Implications for a paradigm shift: factors related to breastfeeding among African American women Stephanie Devane-Johnson, Cheryl Woods Giscombe, Miriam Labbok A10. Social experiences of breastfeeding: building bridges between research and policy: an ESRC-funded seminar series in the UK Sally Dowling A11. Manager’s perspectives of lactation breaks Melanie Fraser A12. The challenging second night: a dialogue from two perspectives Jane Grassley, Deborah McCarter-Spaulding, Becky Spencer A13. The role of lactation consultants in two council breastfeeding services in Melbourne, Australia – some preliminary impressions Jennifer Hocking, Pranee Liamputtong A14. Integrating social marketing and community engagement concepts in community breastfeeding programs Sheree H. Keitt, Harumi Reis-Reilly A15. What happens before and after the maternity stay? Creating a community-wide Ten Steps approach Miriam Labbok A16. #RVABREASTFEEDS: cultivating a breastfeeding-friendly community Leslie Lytle A17. Public health vs. free trade: a longitudinal analysis o

关键词： African American Woman Exclusive Breastfeed Infant Feeding Maternity Leave Infant Sleep

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HCV – Free hospital, prospective study

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Journal of Patient Safety & Infection control 2015年第2期3卷 52-52页

作者： Nagwa Khamis Hala Zaied Ihab Attia Taher Abdullah Hamdy Badr Ahmed Amin Gehan Fahmy Salwa Mokhtar Shereen Elmasry Ashraf Ewiss Mohamed Fawzy Hatem ElWakeel Amr Abdullah Hatem Khater Sarah Serry Infection Prevention Control at Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital and DASH Secretary of IFIC India Monitoring and Auditing Sector at Ministry of Health and Population India National Hepatitis Control Program at Ministry of Health and Population India Engineering Authority of the Armed Forces India Military Engineers Administration India Infection Control Consultant – Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital India Infection Control Unit – Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital India Clinical Pathology Department Ain Shams University India Nahdet Benisuief Foundation India Terous Misr Foundation for Development India

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Geospatial and contextual approaches to energy balance and health

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Annals of GIS 2015年第2期21卷 157-168页

作者： Berrigan, David Hipp, J. Aaron Hurvitz, Philip M. James, Peter Jankowska, Marta M. Kerr, Jacqueline Laden, Francine Leonard, Tammy McKinnon, Robin A. Powell-Wiley, Tiffany M. Tarlov, Elizabeth Zenk, Shannon N. the TREC Spatial and Contextual Measures and Modeling Work Group Applied Research Program Division of Cancer Control Population Sciences National Cancer Institute Bethesda 20892 MD United States Brown School Prevention Research Center in St. Louis Washington University in St. Louis One Brookings Drive Campus Box 1196 St. Louis 63130 MO United States Urban Form Lab Department of Urban Design and Planning College of Built Environments University of Washington Box 354802 Seattle 98195-4802 WA United States Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology Harvard TH CHAN School of Public Health 401 Park Drive Boston 02215 MA United States Department of Family Medicine and Public Health University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive-0628 La Jolla 92093-0628 CA United States Economics Department University of Dallas 1845 East Northgate Drive Irving 75062-4736 TX United States Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch Division of Intramural Research National Heart Lung Blood Institute Bethesda 20892 MD United States Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare Hines VA Hospital Hines 60141 IL United States College of Nursing University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago 60612 IL United States

In the past 15 years, a major research enterprise has emerged that is aimed at understanding associations between geographic and contextual features of the environment (especially the built environment) and elements of human energy balance, including diet, weight and physical activity. Here we highlight aspects of this research area with a particular focus on research and opportunities in the United States as an example. We address four main areas: (1) the importance of valid and comparable data concerning behaviour across geographies;(2) the ongoing need to identify and explore new environmental variables;(3) the challenge of identifying the causally relevant context;and (4) the pressing need for stronger study designs and analytical methods. Additionally, we discuss existing sources of geo-referenced health data which might be exploited by interdisciplinary research teams, personnel challenges and some aspects of funding for geospatial research by the US National Institutes of Health in the past decade, including funding for international collaboration and training opportunities. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.

关键词： contextual energy balance geospatial obesity physical activity spatial

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Effect of Diagnostic and Treatment Delay on the Risk of Tuberculosis Transmission in Shenzhen,China:An Observational Cohort Study,1993-2010

Effect of Diagnostic and Treatment Delay on the Risk of Tube...

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作者： Shiming Cheng Wei Chen 杨应周 Ping Chu Xiaoli Liu Meigui Zhao Weiguo Tan Li Xu Qingfang Wu Hongyun Guan Jinhong Liu Haitao Liu Ray Y.Chen Zhongwei Jia National Centre for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen Chronic Disease Control Centre Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics Ministry of EducationBeijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention Ministry of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases U.S.National Institutes of Healthbased at the U.S.Embassy National Institute on Drug Dependence Health Science CentrePeking University Takemi Program in International Health Department of Global Health and PopulationHarvard School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUnited States of America

Introduction:To understand better the risk of tuberculosis transmission with increasing delay in tuberculosis treatment,we undertook a retrospective cohort study in Shenzhen,***:All pulmonary tuberculosis cases in the Shenzhen tuberculosis surveillance database from 1993-2010 were *** smear positivity and presence of pulmonary cavity were used as proxies for risk of tuberculosis ***:Among 48,441 pulmonary tuberculosis cases,70%presented with symptoms of pulmonary TB,62%were sputum smear positive,and 21%had a pulmonary cavity on chest x-ray.95.3%of patients self-presented for evaluation of illness after a median 58 days of delay after symptoms *** proportion presenting sputum smear positive(p<0.001) and with a pulmonary cavity(p<0.001) increased significantly with increasing duration of ***:Delayed diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis is associated with a significantly increased risk of pulmonary sputum smear positivity and pulmonary *** decrease risk of transmission,treatment delay needs to be reduced further.

关键词： Effect of Diagnostic and Treatment Delay on the Risk of Tuberculosis Transmission in Shenzhen,China:An Observational Cohort Study,1993-2010

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Skutecznos̈ć 10-walentnej skoniugowanej szczepionki przeciwko pneumokokom w profilaktyce inwazyjnych chorób pneumokokowych w Brazylii: sparowane badanie kliniczno-kontrolne

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Pediatria Polska 2015年第6期90卷 T1-T12页

作者： Domingues, Carla Magda Allan S. Verani, Jennifer R. Renoiner, Ernesto Issac Montenegro Brandileone, Maria Cristina De Cunto Flannery, Brendan Oliveira, Lucia Helena De Santos, Joəo Barberino Moraes, José Cássio De National Immunization Program Secretariat for Health Surveillance Ministerstwo Zdrowia Brasília Brazil Center for Tropical Medicine University of Brasília Brasília Brazil National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States National Reference Laboratory for Meningitis and Pneumococcal Infections Bacteriology Center Adolfo Lutz Institute Secretary of Health of the State of Səo Paulo Səo Paulo Brazil Pan American Health Organization Brasília Brazil Pan American Health Organization Washington DC United States Department of Social Medicine School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa Səo Paulo Brazil

Wprowadzenie W marcu 2010 r. wprowadzono do stosowania w Brazylii 10-walentną skoniugowaną szczepionkę przeciwko pneumokokom ( pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ; PCV10). Podstawą dopuszczenia jej do obrotu było wykazanie, że w zakresie wskaźników immunologicznych dotyczących skuteczności w zapobieganiu zakażeniom pneumokokowym nie była ona gorsza od szczepionki 7-walentnej. Schemat dawkowania PCV10 obejmuje podanie trzech podstawowych dawek w wieku 2, 4 i 6 miesięcy oraz dawki przypominającej w wieku 12 miesięcy. W czasie wprowadzania szczepionki na rynek zaproponowano szczepienie pojedynczą dawką wszystkich dzieci w wieku 12–23 miesięcy, nieobjętych podstawowym cyklem szczepień. Analizowano skuteczność szczepionki PCV10 w profilaktyce inwazyjnych chorób pneumokokowych u dzieci w Brazylii. Metody Od 1 marca 2010 r. do 31 grudnia 2012 r. w 10 stanach w Brazylii u dzieci w wieku kwalifikującym do podania co najmniej jednej dawki PCV10 prowadzono badania przesiewowe w kierunku inwazyjnych chorób pneumokokowych, określanych jako wyhodowanie Streptococcus pneumoniae z krwi, płynu mózgowo-rdzeniowego lub innego miejsca, które w warunkach fizjologicznych nie jest skolonizowane przez bakterie. U dzieci wykonywano badania laboratoryjne oraz prowadzono obserwację szpitalną. Jednym z celów badania było utworzenie w każdym przypadku odpowiedniej grupy kontrolnej, obejmującej 4 dzieci odpowiadających pod względem wieku i miejsca zamieszkania. Do analizy wykorzystano warunkową regresję logistyczną, a skuteczność PCV10 obliczono jako (1 – skorygowany sparowany iloraz szans) × 100% zarówno do typu szczepionki, jak i odpowiednich serotypów bakterii zawartych w szczepionce (to znaczy w tej samej grupie serologicznej co serotyp szczepionki). Wyniki W 316 przypadkach chorób inwazyjnych (mediana wieku 13,2 miesiąca, zakres 2,6–53,1) i u 1219 dzieci w grupie kontrolnej (13,3 miesiąca, 2,6–53,1) skorygowana skuteczność dostosowanego do wieku schematu szczepienia PCV10 wyniosła 83,8% (95% CI

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Infection control & Hospital Epidemiology 2015年第11期25卷 900-900页

作者： Dejana Selenic Mathew Arduino Adelisa Panlilio Michele Pearson Jerome Tokars Fred Cardinali Benjamin Blount Jeff Jarrett Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion National Center for Infectious Diseases and Epidemic Intelligence Service Division of Applied Public Health Training Epidemiology Program Office Atlanta Georgia Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion National Center for Infectious Diseases Atlanta Georgia Division of Laboratory Sciences National Center for Environmental Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia

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Comment

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Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology 2013年第2期1卷 118-124页

作者： Crawford, Carol A. Gotway Division of Behavioral Surveillance Public Health Informatics and Surveillance Program Office Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States

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African-American and hispanic perceptions of HIV vaccine clinical research: A qualitative study

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American Journal of Health Promotion 2014年第2期29卷 e82-e90页

作者： Toledo, Lauren McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor Arreola, Sonya Campbell, Chadwick Sutton, Madeline Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention ICF International Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-45 Atlanta 30333 GA United States Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention National Center for HIV Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Atlanta GA United States Urban Health Program Research Triangle Institute San Francisco CA United States Center for Research and Education on Gender and Sexuality San Francisco State University San Francisco CA United States

Purpose. To examine perceptions of phase-I human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine trial participation among African-Americans and Hispanics in San Francisco, California.;Design. Qualitative, semistructured interviews.;Setting. San Francisco Department of Health.;Participants. Thirty-six African-American and Hispanic men and women, 18 to 50 years of age, residing in the San Francisco Bay Area.;Method. Purposive sampling using advertisements, community-based organization rosters, and snowball referrals. Thematic analysis of transcripts identified salient themes and patterns.;Conclusion. Historically, African-Americans and Hispanics in the United States have had limited participation in HIV trials. Understanding their perceptions of HIV biomedical research, identifying facilitators and barriers to participation, addressing misinformation about HIV, distorted risk perceptions, HIV stigma, and providing accessible opportunities to participate are imperative to ensure health equity and generalizability of findings. (Am J Health Promot 2014;29[2]:e82-e90.).;Results. Participants viewed participation in HIV research as important;however, they held that HIV was not a health priority given limited awareness about HIV research or beliefs that only infected or high-risk persons were eligible for participation. Altruism and personal gain, trustworthy trial staff, convenient schedules and facilities, and involvement of trusted community groups in recruitment were perceived to motivate participants. Concerns about the social consequences of participating in HIV research and product-related side effects were seen as discouraging participation. Limitations include the possibility that participants in interview research have more favorable views of biomedical research than those who refuse to participate. Copyright © 2014 by American Journal of Health Promotion, Inc.

关键词： African- Americans Aids vaccine Biomedical research Clinical trials Health focus: medical self-care Hispanic americans Outcome measure: behavioral prevention research. manuscript format: research Race/ethnicity Research purpose: descriptive Setting: clinical/health care Strategy: behavior change Study design: qualitative Target population age: Adults Target population circumstances: geographic location

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GW25-e3400 Epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of the unexplained sudden death clustered in the mountain area of Yunnan province in China: a retrospective study of 44 cases from 1975 to 2013

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Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2014年第16期64卷 C101-C101页

作者： Zhao Su Zhao Hong Wang Hongyue Wang Yuebing Shi Guoqing Li Zhaoxiang Yang Lin Zhang Jian Lei Pu-Ping Qu Yongqiang Ma Lin Li Jiaguo Bao Jianzhong Li Huachang Ke Chunrong Robert E. Fontaine Yang Yuejin Zeng Guang Huang Wenli Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control & Prevention Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Forensic Medicine College Kunming Medical University Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chuxiong Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Linchang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Dali Prefecture United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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