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Detection and Initial Response to a Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus—Sichuan Province,China,2019

China CDC weekly 2020年第11期2卷 172-175页

作者： Jiushun Zhou Ning Wen Yong Zhang Qi Qi Chunxiang Fan Dongmei Yan Xiaoping Zhu Lixin Hao Shuangli Zhu Yu Liu Xiaozhen Ma Chao Ma Lei Nan Yong Chen Qianli Ma Cheng Wang Kun Deng Lei Cao Ge Shao Xianxiang Ding Hong Yang Zhijie An Lance ERodewald Aiqiang Xu Huaqing Wang Zijian Feng Zundong Yin Xianping Wu Wenbo Xu Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention ChengduSichuanChina National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention XichangSichuanChina Leibo county Center for Disease Control and Prevention LeiboLiangshanSichuanChina Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention JinanShandongChina

What is already known about this topic?After the type 2 strain of the live,attenuated poliovirus vaccine was withdrawn globally in 2016,any identification of a type 2 poliovirus is a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.A vaccinederived type 2 poliovirus(VDPV2)was identified in Sichuan,prompting an urgent,comprehensive investigation and *** is added by this report?Type 2 monovalent,live,attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine(mOPV2)is being used to respond to the numerous VDPV2 outbreaks seen around the *** contrast,the response in Sichuan used Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus(sIPV)to stop circulation of the *** the 6 months following the vaccination response,there have been no VDPV2s detected in Sichuan,despite extensive *** are the implications for public health practices?Further search for the VDPV2 must continue in order to determine whether transmission has been *** ongoing investigation and response to the Sichuan VDPV2 is providing evidence to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative on managing VDPV2 outbreaks.

关键词： prompt globally Type

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Acute Hepatitis B--China,2005−2019

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China CDC weekly 2020年第30期2卷 559-563页

作者： Ning Miao Hui Zheng Xiaojin Sun Fuzhen Wang Guomin Zhang Zundong Yin National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:Hepatitis B is a major public health threat in *** subtyping of acute hepatitis B(AHB)has been reported to China’s National Notifiable Disease Reporting System(NNDRS)since *** divided the years since NNDRS reporting started into three stages:a“primary stage”(2005−2008),a“catch-up stage”(2009−2012),and an“AHB surveillance pilot stage”(2013−2019).We evaluated characteristics of AHB and progress towards AHB control in these three ***:We obtained data on cases reported to NNDRS between January 1,2005 and December 31,2019 and compared the annual incidence of reported AHB in each of the three stages by region,age,and ***:The incidence of reported AHB declined from 7.52 per 100,000 in 2005 to 3.21 per 100,000 in 2019—a decrease of 57.31%.The annual incidences of AHB in the primary stage,the catch-up stage,and the AHB surveillance pilot stage were 7.45 per 100,000,5.78 per 100,000,and 4.26 per 100,000,respectively;7 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)had an annual incidence of more than 10 per 100,000 in the primary stage,5 PLADs in the catch-up stage,and 1 in the AHB surveillance pilot *** group aged 20−29 years old had the highest annual rate of reported AHB in the primary stage(14.35 per 100,000)and in the catch-up stage(10.42 per 100,000),and the group aged 30−39 years old had the highest annual rate in the surveillance pilot stage(5.89 per 100,000).AHB affected males and females in all age *** and Implications for Public Health Practice:The incidence of AHB had decreased significantly since the start of the NNDRS reporting in 2005,but additional action is needed to eliminate AHB in *** B vaccine(HepB)coverage in adults should be increased to reduce new AHB cases among people over 20 years old,epidemiological investigations of AHB cases should be conducted to identify risk factors for infection,and prevention of mother-to-child transmission needs to be strengthened.

关键词： prevention mother eliminate

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Immunogenicity of Short-Course,High-Dose Hepatitis B Vaccination in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease-Shanxi Province,China,2019-2020

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China CDC weekly 2024年第50期6卷 1331-1336,I0002-I0005页

作者： Linying Gao Xufeng Cui Xinyuan Mo Zhaoyue Men Xiuyang Xu Tian Yao Jianmin Wang Hongting Liu Hongping Guo Guowei Chai Liming Liu Fuzhen Wang Xiaofeng Liang Suping Wang Yongliang Feng School of Public Health Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan CityShanxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention(Shanxi Medical University) Ministry of EducationTaiyuan CityShanxi ProvinceChina Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan CityShanxi ProvinceChina First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan CityShanxi ProvinceChina Department of Nephrology Linfen Central HospitalLinfen CityShanxi ProvinceChina Department of Nephrology Yuncheng Central HospitalYuncheng CityShanxi ProvinceChina Department of Nephrology Linfen People’s HospitalLinfen CityShanxi ProvinceChina Department of Nephrology Houma People’s HospitalHouma CityShanxi ProvinceChina National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Institute of Vaccine Industry Jinan UniversityGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Institute of Disease Control and Prevention Jinan UniversityGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Chinese Preventive Medicine Association BeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?As one of the populations at high risk of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)require rapid and effective development of hepatitis B surface antibodies(anti-HBs).What is added by this report?The short-course,high-dose regimen of hepatitis B vaccination rapidly induced comparable immunological responses to the routine regimen,achieving a seroconversion rate of 88.5%,a high-response rate of 64.1%,and anti-HBs geometric mean concentrations of 824.1 mIU/*** are the implications for public health practice?The short-course,high-dose regimen represents an effective rapid immunization strategy for CKD patients,particularly when administered prior to immunosuppressive *** study provides compelling evidence for optimizing immunization protocols in the CKD population.

关键词： routine Kidney Shanxi

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Serial Interval and Reproductive Number of COVID-19 Among 116 Infector-infectee Pairs—Jingzhou City,Hubei Province,China,2020

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China CDC weekly 2020年第27期2卷 491-495页

作者： Tian Liu Li Qi Menglei Yao Keqing Tian Maowen Lin Hong Jiang Minmin Zeng Jigui Huang Department of Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control Jingzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionJingzhou cityHubei ProvinceChina Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Department of Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?The key epidemiological parameters including serial interval,basic reproductive number(R0),and effective reproductive number(Rt)are crucial for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)control and *** studies provided different estimations but were often flawed by some limitations such as insufficient sample size and selection *** is added by this report?In this study,a total of 116 infector-infectee pairs meeting strict inclusion criteria were selected for *** mean serial interval of COVID-19 was 5.81 days(standard deviation:3.24).The estimated mean with 95%confidence interval of R0 was 3.39(3.07–3.75)and 2.98(2.62–3.38)using exponential growth(EG)and maximum likelihood(ML)methods,*** Rt in the early phase of the epidemic was above 1 with the peak of 4.43 occurring on January 8,and then showing subsequent declines and approaching 1 on January *** are the implications for public health practices?This study supports previous findings that COVID-19 has high transmissibility and that implementing comprehensive measures is effective in controlling the COVID-19 outbreak.

关键词： approaching limitations measures

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Expert consensus for pertussis in children: new concepts in diagnosis and treatment

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第12期20卷 1209-1222页

作者： Yu-Mei Mi Ji-Kui Deng Ting Zhang Qing Cao Chuan-Qing Wang Sheng Ye Ying-Hu Chen Han-Qing He Bei-Bei Wu Yan Liu Mei Zeng Wei Li Fang Wu Hong-Mei Xu Shi-Yong Zhao Gang Liu Wang Hua Dan Xu Guan-Nan Bai Ying Yang Li-Su Huang Yi-Ping Chen Kai-Hu Yao Zhu-Jun Shao Chun-Zhen Hua Department of Infectious Diseases Children′s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052China Department of Infectious Diseases Shenzhen Children′s HospitalShenzhen 518038China Department of Infectious Diseases School of MedicineShanghai Children′s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200262China Department of Infectious Diseases Shanghai Children′s Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China Department of Nosocomial Infection Control Department of Clinical LaboratoryChildren′s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 201102China Department of General Intensive Care Medicine Children′s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052China Department of Immunization Program Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou 310052China Department of Microbiology Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou 310052China Department of Immunization Program Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina Department of Infectious Diseases Children′s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 201102China Department of Clinical Laboratory Children′s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052ZhejiangChina Department of Chinese Medicine Children′s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052China Department of Infectious Diseases Chongqing Children′s HospitalChongqing 400015China Department of Infectious Diseases Hangzhou Children′s HospitalHangzhou 310014China Department of Infectious Diseases Beijing Pediatric Research InstituteNational Center for Children′s HealthBeijing Children′s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100045China Department of Infectious Diseases Yuying Children′s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical Coll

Background Pertussis resurgence has been reported worldwide in the past two decades. Pertussis is still endemic and diffcult to control though with universal vaccination in children. The resurgence may be related to multiple variables, such as increased disease awareness and laboratory tests, waning of immunity following vaccination, and/or genetic mutations of Bordetella pertussis. For better pertussis prevention, diagnosis, and management, we called up an expert panel to develop this expert consensus to provide new concepts in diagnosis and treatment for clinical *** sources The expert groups collected clinical evidence, summarized their clinical experiences, evaluated preliminary recommendations or guidelines, and then organized open-ended discussions to form the recommendations. This consensus was developed by reviewing the literature and studies in databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, the China Biomedical Database, and the Chinese Journal Full-text Database up to May 2024. The search terms included “pertussis” or “whooping cough”, “children”, “diagnosis”, and “treatment”.Results The burden of pertussis has also changed from infants to school children and adults, and these age groups have consequently become the main source of infection for vulnerable population including infants and newborns. In China, a high prevalence of erythromycin-resistant Bordetella pertussis (ERBP) has been reported in the past decade. ERBP may lead to failed clinical empirical treatment with macrolides, which poses a great challenge for pertussis management and control. For better management of pertussis, a fow diagram for diagnosis and treatment of pertussis was presented in this consensus. This consensus also described the diagnostic criteria for pertussis, high-risk cases, and severe pertussis. Macrolides can still be used to treat confrmed erythromycin-sensitive B. pertussis (ESBP) infections, whereas oral trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole therapy is the initial tr

关键词： Children Diagnosis Expert consensus Pertussis Treatment

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A health equity framework to support the next generation of cancer population simulation models

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Journal of the National Cancer Institute - Monographs 2023年第62期2023卷 255-264页

作者： Chapman, Christina Jayasekera, Jinani Dash, Chiranjeev Sheppard, Vanessa Mandelblatt, Jeanne Department of Radiation Oncology Baylor College of Medicine the Center for Innovations in Quality Safety in the Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine and the Houston VA Houston TX United States Health Equity and Decision Sciences Research Laboratory National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Intramural Research Program National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD United States Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Cancer Prevention and Control Program Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center WA United States Department of Health Behavior and Policy and Massey Cancer Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA United States Departments of Oncology and Medicine Georgetown University Medical Center Cancer Prevention and Control Program at Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Georgetown Lombardi Institute for Cancer and Aging Research WA United States

Over the past 2 decades, population simulation modeling has evolved as an effective public health tool for surveillance of cancer trends and estimation of the impact of screening and treatment strategies on incidence and mortality, including documentation of persistent cancer inequities. The goal of this research was to provide a framework to support the next generation of cancer population simulation models to identify leverage points in the cancer control continuum to accelerate achievement of equity in cancer care for minoritized populations. In our framework, systemic racism is conceptualized as the root cause of inequity and an upstream influence acting on subsequent downstream events, which ultimately exert physiological effects on cancer incidence and mortality and competing comorbidities. To date, most simulation models investigating racial inequity have used individual-level race variables. Individual-level race is a proxy for exposure to systemic racism, not a biological construct. However, single-level race variables are suboptimal proxies for the multilevel systems, policies, and practices that perpetuate inequity. We recommend that future models designed to capture relationships between systemic racism and cancer outcomes replace or extend single-level race variables with multilevel measures that capture structural, interpersonal, and internalized racism. Models should investigate actionable levers, such as changes in health care, education, and economic structures and policies to increase equity and reductions in health-care-based interpersonal racism. This integrated approach could support novel research approaches, make explicit the effects of different structures and policies, highlight data gaps in interactions between model components mirroring how factors act in the real world, inform how we collect data to model cancer equity, and generate results that could inform policy. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights re

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Assessment of capacity and performance of points of entry in detection of public health events, reporting and responding to public health emergencies, Uganda, July–September 2022

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Discover Health Systems 2024年第1期3卷 1-11页

作者： Wanyana, Mercy Wendy King, Patrick Mayinja, Harriet Migisha, Richard Kadobera, Daniel Kwesiga, Benon Bulage, Lilian Ario, Alex Riolexus Harris, Julie R. Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program Uganda National Institute of Public Health Kampala Uganda Division of Surveillance Information and Knowledge Management Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Kampala Uganda

Expanded human mobility has increasingly led to the spread of disease outside of the areas in which it first occurs. Consequently, there is an enhanced focus on building capacity to detect disease at points of entry (PoEs). We assessed capacity and performance in the detection of public health events, reporting, and responding to public health emergencies (PHEs) at PoEs in Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional assessment from June 27 to September 12, 2022, at official PoEs in Uganda. We adopted a standardised assessment tool for the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) PoE capacity requirements. Capacity areas included coordination and communication, routine prevention and control measures expected at all times, and response to PHEs. We abstracted and analysed surveillance data on the performance of PoEs including completeness of PoE reporting, proportion of travellers screened, and proportion of suspected ill travellers isolated, investigated and referred for further care if necessary. We assessed all 53 gazetted PoEs (4 airports, 16 inland ports, and 33 ground crossings). Most (94%) reported communication capacities with national and sub-health authorities with 88% completeness of reporting. Forty-two per cent provided access to appropriate medical services for assessment and care of ill travellers, 42% had access to sanitary facilities, 21% had access to safe water, and 23% had appropriate waste management and vector control. Regarding the capacity to respond to PHEs, all designated PoEs had a public health emergency contingency plan,74% provided screening of all travellers but screened 56% of the travellers, 38% had the capacity to quarantine and isolate suspected human cases, and 15% had the capacity to transport suspected cases to referral health facilities. Twenty three percent of the suspected ill travellers were isolated, investigated and referred for further care if necessary. Only 8% assessed animals being transported through PoEs for priority animal transb

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Distribution of licensed acupuncturists and educational institutions in the United States at the start of 2023,during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期22卷 379-384页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan De-guang He Anu Sangraula Sarah Faggert Alemi Amy Matecki American Traditional Chinese Medicine Association ViennaVA 22182USA McLean Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine ViennaVA 22182USA New England School of Acupuncture Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesBostonMA 02115USA Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer Prevention and Control ProgramGeorgetown UniversityWashington DC 20057USA Eastern Roots Wellness PLCMcLeanVA 22101USA Sutter Health Alta Bates Summit Medical CenterOaklandCA 94609USA

This study was conducted to identify the number and density of active licensed acupuncturists(LAcs),as well as the number of accredited schools in acupuncture and Oriental medicine(AOM),as of January 1,2023,in the United States(U.S.).The number of active LAcs as of January 1,2023 was 34,524,potentially33,364 after removing license duplication in multiple states,among which the largest three states were California(with 7317 LAcs[21.19%of the total]),New York(5024[14.55%])and Florida(2644[7.66%]).The total number of LAcs decreased by 8.87%from 2018,and fell short of our projected number of LAcs in 2023 by 9037,or 20.75%.The overall LAc density in the *** as the number of LAcs per 100,000 populationDwas 10.36,less than in *** were 56 active,accredited AOM schools which offered a total of 147 programs(121 at the level necessary for licensing[entry-level],12 for an advanced practicing degree[advanced-level],and 14 for certifications).Broken down further,offerings included 50 master's degrees in acupuncture,40 master's degrees in Oriental medicine,31 entry-level doctorate degrees(10 in acupuncture and 21 in acupuncture plus Chinese herbal medicine),and 12advanced-level doctorate degrees in *** certification programs included one in East-Asian Medical Bodywork and 13 in *** these schools in 2023,institutions in the West and East Coast states comprised 67.86%(decreased from 77.42%in 2018)of the national ***,Florida and Illinois represented 39.29%.There were 48 jurisdictions with acupuncture practice laws in *** data suggests that the acupuncture profession in the *** been significantly impacted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

关键词： Acupuncturist Acupuncture educational institution Distribution Density Oriental medicine United States

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Using Wastewater Surveillance for Mpox as a Complement to Traditional Case-Based Reporting — Chicago, March–June 2023

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Foulkes, Dorothy Kittner, Alyse Korban, Colin Anderson, Kendall DeJonge, Peter M. Faherty, Emily A.G. Kerins, Janna L. Poretsky, Rachel Pierce, Melissa Atwater, Regina Tabidze, Irina Pacilli, Massimo Chicago Department of Public Health United States Career Epidemiologist Field Officer Program Centers for Disease Control and Prevention United States Epidemic Intelligence Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention United States University of Illinois Chicago United States University of Illinois System Discovery Partners Institute United States

The Chicago Department of Public Health tested wastewater samples for the presence of Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) from March 13 through June 26, 2023. There were persistent detections prior to reported cases. This indicated the baseline levels of MPXV prevalence might warrant routine monitoring. Detections in areas without corresponding reported clinical cases might highlight areas where cases are being under-reported by traditional surveillance. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Viruses

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An Epidemic of Hepatitis A--Liaoning Province,2020

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China CDC weekly 2020年第30期2卷 570-574页

作者： Jing Sun Yuanqiu Li Xing Fang Yan Wang Yinan Han Yang Liu Jingyuan Cao Wenting Zhou Hui Zheng Wenqing Yao Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention ShenyangLiaoningChina National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Institute of Preventive Medicine China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina Dalian City Center for Disease Control and Prevention DalianLiaoningChina Dandong City Center for Disease Control and Prevention DandongLiaoningChina National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for DiseaseControl and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Hepatitis A(HA)is caused by acute hepatitis A virus(HAV)infection and was once very common in *** the 2008 introduction of the HA vaccine into the national Expanded program on Immunization(EPI),the incidence of reported HA in China decreased ***,HA epidemics still occur in Liaoning Province every 3–5 years,although with far fewer cases than in the pre-HA-vaccination *** is added by this report?Between January 1,2020 and March 18,2020,the number of reported cases of HA in Dalian and Dandong cities of Liaoning Province increased significantly compared with the same period in previous *** cases were sporadic,and cases were seen in nearly every *** increase in HA occurred one month after local fresh seafood became available with most cases being among adults.A casecontrol study showed that consuming raw or undercooked seafood,clams,snapping shrimp,and oysters were significantly associated with the increase in *** are the implications for public health practices?Strengthening health education for residents to avoid consumption of raw seafood and encouraging HAV vaccination of adults aged 20 to 54 years are important to prevent periodic HAV endemic *** multisectoral cooperation must be emphasized on HA surveillance in areas with a high prevalence of HA.

关键词： consuming Liaoning vaccination

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