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Sex-mediated Gene Flow in Grayfoot Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus griseipes) in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique

International Journal of Primatology 2025年 1-32页

作者： Ferreira da Silva, Maria Joana Tralma, Paula Colmonero-Costeira, Ivo Cravo-Mota, Mariana Farassi, Rassina Hammond, Philippa Lewis-Bevan, Lynn Bamford, Marion K. Biro, Dora Lüdecke, Tina Mathe, Jacinto Bobe, René Capelli, Cristian Carvalho, Susana Martínez, Felipe I. CIBIO Centro de Investigação Em Biodiversidade E Recursos Genéticos InBIO Laboratório Associado Universidade do Porto Campus de Vairão Vairão 4485 - 661 Portugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Campus de Vairão Vairão 4485 - 661 Portugal ONE Organisms and Environment Division School of Biosciences Cardiff University Sir Martin Evans Building The Museum Ave Cardiff CF10 3 AX United Kingdom Departamento de Arqueología Universidad Austral de Chile Los Ríos Chile CIAS Research Centre for Anthropology and Health Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Departamento de Ciências da Vida Centre for Functional Ecology Universidade de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Gorongosa National Park Sofala Mozambique Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab Institute of Human Sciences School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Evolutionary Studies Institute University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences University of Rochester Rochester 14627 NY United States Emmy Noether Group for Hominin Meat Consumption Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz 55128 Germany Department of Science Gorongosa National Park Sofala Mozambique ICArEHB Interdisciplinary Centre for Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Behaviour Universidade do Algarve Faro Portugal Department of Chemistry Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma Parma Italy Escuela de Antropología Facultad de Ciencias Sociales Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile

Dispersal behavior influences gene flow and the spatial distribution of genetic diversity, which is crucial for a species' evolutionary trajectory and population persistence under environmental changes. We used gene flow as a proxy to investigate dispersal patterns in the grayfoot chacma baboon (Papio ursinus griseipes) in Gorongosa National Park (GNP), central Mozambique. The baboons inhabit a mosaic landscape with a seasonally variable environment. Thirty-two years ago, GNP was the epicenter of a major war that severely reduced apex predators, resulting in limited mammalian predation on baboons. We aimed to characterize genetic diversity, examine the extent and direction of sex-biased gene flow at different time frames and investigate changes in population size and recent migration events. We collected 121 non-invasive DNA samples and analyzed uni- and bi-parentally inherited markers, comprising mitochondrial DNA, autosomal and Y-linked microsatellites, at two geographic locations (GNP and Catapú Forest Reserve) 150 km apart. We observed high genetic diversity and no evidence of a recent population decline. We identified six mitochondrial haplotypes, including a genetically distinct one in Catapu Forest Reserve. We found molecular evidence for historical and current male-mediated gene flow and female philopatry. Our results highlight the resilience of dispersal patterns in Papio sp. in diverse and seasonally variable ecosystems which have been disturbed by anthropogenic activities. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Behavioral flexibility Male-biased dispersal Southern Africa Warfare Zambezi River

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West Side Story: Regional Inter-Troop Variation in Baboon Bark-Stripping at Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique

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American Journal of Biological Anthropology 2025年第1期187卷 e70057页

作者： Biro, Dora Muschinski, Jana Hammond, Philippa Bobe, René Bamford, Marion K. Capelli, Cristian d’Oliveira Coelho, João Farassi, Rassina Lüdecke, Tina Martinez, Felipe I. Mathe, Jacinto Silva, Maria Joana Ferreira Carvalho, Susana Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences University of Rochester Rochester NY United States Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab Institute of Human Sciences School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB) University of Algarve Faro Portugal Department of Science Gorongosa National Park Sofala Mozambique Evolutionary Studies Institute University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Department of Chemistry Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma Parma Italy Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE) Department of Life Sciences Universidade de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Departamento de Ciências da Vida Universidade de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Emmy Noether Group for Hominin Meat Consumption Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany Escuela de Antropología Facultad de Ciencias Sociales Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Ciudad de México Chile CIBIO Centro de Investigação Em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos InBIO Laboratório Associado Campus de Vairão Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Vairão Portugal One Organisms and Environment Division School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom

Objectives: Baboons possess sophisticated physical and social cognitive abilities;hence, the lack of evidence to date of large-scale behavioral variation in these primates is puzzling. Here we studied a candidate for such variation—the stripping of bark from Acacia robusta trees for consumption of the sap and soft tissue underneath—in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique. Materials and Methods: We surveyed an area inhabited by ~60 troops of chacma baboons, recording the availability and characteristics of the target trees, as well as the presence or absence of bark-stripping at 45 habitat plots distributed across a grid covering an area of ~300 km². Results: Camera traps confirmed the presence of baboons at all habitat plots, and we identified regional clumping in the distribution of the behavior, a pattern consistent across two consecutive years. Proportion and mean height/width of A. robusta did not predict whether bark-stripping behavior was present at a given site, nor did broader ecological variables such as habitat type and distance to the nearest water source. However, stripping sites had significantly higher numbers of A. robusta than non-stripping sites, and within a given bark-stripping site, baboons preferred to strip taller and wider trees among those available. Discussion: The prominent geographical clustering we uncovered may have been driven by opportunity (i.e., the prevalence of A. robusta at a given site), but is also consistent with a possible (non-mutually exclusive) cultural interpretation. We propose avenues for future research on Gorongosa's baboons to better quantify the relative contributions of ecology, genetics, and social learning to the prevalence of bark stripping. We also briefly consider the potential relevance of baboon bark stripping to elucidating early hominin foraging strategies. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： a cacia bark-stripping behavioral variation chacma baboon habitat survey non-technological material traces

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