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Experimental demonstration of dynamic demand response scheduling for PEM-electrolyzers

Applied Energy 2025年 393卷

作者： Keller, Roger Baader, Florian Joseph Bardow, André Müller, Martin Peters, Ralf IET-4: Electrochemical Process Engineering Jülich52425 Germany Energy & Process Systems Engineering Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland Ruhr University Bochum Chair of Process Engineering for Synthetic Fuels Bochum Germany

The use of renewable energy sources, such as wind power and photovoltaics is expected to produce fluctuating electricity prices. These fluctuations give PEM electrolyzers the opportunity to reduce costs, as they can adapt their production rates rapidly. Moreover, typically slow temperature dynamics of electrolyzers increase their flexibility for effective operational management strategies. With a defined temperature trajectory during scheduling optimization, overload operation of the electrolyzer for a given amount of time is possible. However, the temperature dynamics are typically nonlinear. In conjunction with discrete on/off decisions, temperature dynamics lead to mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problems for scheduling that are highly challenging to solve in real time. In this study, we experimentally validate the dynamic ramping scheduling optimization method that precisely linearizes nonlinear temperature dynamics using a flatness-based coordinate transformation. Utilizing the available information from the dynamic scheduling optimization a 100 kW PEM electrolyzer was operated by studying three stack temperature control methods, rejecting disturbances from load variations. Identifying a suitable control method was essential to guarantee the desired temperature tracking performance of the optimization. Our experiments show a 3.8 % cost reduction compared to the benchmark without overload operation. The designed PEM electrolyzer model also deviated only 0.6 % in costs from the experiment. Simulative scaling of PEM electrolysis to 2 MW demonstrates even higher cost reductions with the dynamic ramping method, as the larger electrolyzer has slower dynamics. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Integer programming

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Performance-Optimize Adaptive Robust Tracking control for USV-UAV Heterogeneous systems With Uncertainty

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 7251-7262页

作者： Chen, Guangjun Wang, Wencheng Dong, Jiuxiang Northeastern University College of Information Science and Engineering Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Safe Operation Technique for Autonomous Unmanned Systems State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Shenyang110819 China Weifang University College of Machinery and Automation Weifang261061 China

This paper investigates the performance-optimized tracking control problem of the heterogeneous system consisting of the unmanned surface vehicle (USV) and the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) under uncertain dynamics. Based on the target tracking strategy, a performance optimization control framework for cooperative tracking in sea-air 3D space is established. To avoid the singularity of the UAV in the position loop inverse solution of the desired attitude, the saturation control strategy is designed to solve the UAV guidance problem, and the UAV position loop obtains bounded thrust. For the kinematic layer of the USV-UAV system, based on the prescribed performance control and optimal control methods, a prescribed performance-optimized control strategy is designed to optimize the virtual control input while ensuring the prescribed control performance. In addition, to reduce the impact of uncertainty on the USV-UAV control system, a prescribed performance compensation control scheme is proposed in the kinetic loop, which improves the USV-UAV control system robustness. The established sea-air 3D cooperative target tracking control framework can also be extended to complex formation control. Finally, experimental simulations verify the effectiveness of the designed control scheme. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Research progress of steel slag-based carbon sequestration

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Fundamental Research 2025年第1期5卷 282-287页

作者： Qing Zhao Chengjun Liu Xiaohui Mei Henrik Saxén Ron Zevenhoven Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Process and Systems Engineering Laboratory Åbo Akademi UniversityÅbo/Turku 20500Finland

Large amounts of steel slag(SS)and CO_(2)are produced globally each year during steel *** SS-based carbon capture and utilization(SS-CCU)process for CO_(2)mineralization is suitable specifically for steel-making industries for simultaneous mitigation of CO_(2)emissions and valorization of ***,the SS-CCU process is currently in the stage of laboratory research and far away from industrial *** this review,some SS-CCU processes,including direct and indirect carbonation processes,were explored and ***,the key factors and mechanisms of the SS-based CO_(2)sequestration process were *** carbonation process efficacy and its environmental impact(including global warming,energy use,water use,and metallic pollutants)were ***,the challenges and prospects of the further development of the SS-CCU process were discussed.

关键词： Steel slag Carbon sequestration Carbon neutrality Resources recycling Carbonation

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Biomass as an alternative solution to energy production and reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions: a review

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International Journal of Power and Energy Conversion 2025年第1期16卷 78-99页

作者： Abouallal, Hafida El Idrissi, Ayoub Najah Dkhireche, Nadia Touhami, Mohammed Ebn Laboratory of Advanced Material Engineering Process Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ibn Tofail University University Campus P.O. Box 242 Kenitra Morocco Advanced Systems – Engineering Laboratory National School of Applied Science Ibn Tofail University University Campus P.O. Box 242 Kenitra Morocco

The increase in population and the expansion of transportation, agriculture, and industry drive the need for energy, leading to a reliance on fossil fuels as the primary energy source. This reliance results in heightened greenhouse gas emissions and environmental damage. To address this, efforts have been made to harness the diverse range of available biomass for energy production, including gas, heat, and electricity through various conversion methods. This article explores the global availability of biomass for energy production, current energy consumption and production trends, biomass classifications and sources, conversion techniques, challenges hindering biomass implementation, and the potential of biomass as an alternative energy source alongside wind, geothermal, and hydroelectric power to eventually replace fossil fuels. The analysis indicates that biomass holds promise for energy generation and can complement other renewable resources in transitioning away from fossil fuels. Copyright © 2025 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Greenhouse gas emissions

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A review on computational fluid dynamics modeling of fixed-bed biomass gasifiers: Recent advances and design analysis

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 130卷 654-671页

作者： Ngamsidhiphongsa, Nathada Limleamthong, Phantisa Prasertcharoensuk, Phuet Arpornwichanop, Amornchai Center of Excellence in Process and Energy Systems Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok10900 Thailand Bio-Circular-Green-economy Technology & Engineering Center Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand

Biomass gasifiers, especially fixed-bed type, have been perceived as a promising technology for small-scale power generation from renewable sources. Depending on production capacity and end-use applications, various modifications of fixed-bed gasifiers have emerged to generate clean synthesis gas (syngas) with less waste disposal and higher gasifier efficiency. Recently, H2-rich and CO2-free syngas production has been experimented with by modifying operating conditions and gasifier design. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, incorporating hydrodynamics, chemical reaction mechanism, reactor development, and process intensification, has been brought to pursue a rigorous investigation of gasifier design and the gasification process. This review presents a recent advance in developing the CFD model of fixed-bed gasifiers. A detailed characterization of the biomass gasification process, including devolatilization, homogeneous gas oxidation and reduction, and heterogeneous char reactions, is highlighted. Design analysis of fixed-bed gasifiers is also discussed. Tar species in the devolatilization reaction and their cracking mechanism are interpreted. In addition, the effects of a gasifier configuration and an equivalence ratio of gasifying agents on the producer gas composition, tar content in the producer gas, and the cold gas efficiency are analyzed as a basis for further improvement of the CFD gasifier models. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： Hydrogen production

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Extending the SAFT-γ Mie group-contribution approach to model cyclic ketones: application to monoterpenoids

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Molecular Physics 2025年

作者： Paliwal, Shubhani Perdomo, Felipe A. Bernet, Thomas Alyazidi, Ahmed Haslam, Andrew J. Jackson, George Galindo, Amparo Department of Chemical Engineering Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering Imperial College London London United Kingdom

Monoterpenoids such as menthone are essential in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and the fragrance industry for their versatile roles in developing complex molecules, flavours, and therapeutic agents. We extend the capability of the SAFT-γ Mie group-contribution equation of state by developing a new cyclic-ketone group, denoted as cCO, featuring two electron lone-pair sites that can interact with electropositive hydrogen sites in other associating compounds. The model parameters of the new cCO group are refined to represent target experimental thermophysical data of pure cyclic ketones, including the vapour pressure, single-phase density, heat capacity, and vaporisation enthalpy, as well as mixture data including the excess enthalpy, liquid density, vapour–liquid, liquid–liquid, and solid–liquid equilibria. New parameters that characterise the group interactions (one like interaction and 16 unlike interactions) are developed and used to calculate these thermophysical properties. We evaluate the robustness of the newly developed group and its transferability to other compounds, focussing on pure cyclobutanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone, and cyclooctanone, and their mixtures with hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, esters, aromatic compounds, and water. The theoretical calculations and found to be in good agreement with experiment, and the final model allows for accurate predictions of thermodynamic properties and complex phase behaviour, including azeotrope compositions. Morever, we transfer the parameters developed for the cyclic ketone group to predict the properties of pure 3-methylcyclohexanone and menthone, as well as the phase behaviour of binary mixtures of menthone with menthol and water, finding good agreement with available experimental data. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Enthalpy

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Letter to the Editor regarding "Methodological framework for life cycle assessment of sustainable aviation (SA) systems"

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 979卷

作者： Weinold, Michael P. McKenna, Russell Laboratory for Energy Systems Analysis PSI Centers for Nuclear Engineering & Sciences and Energy & Environmental Sciences Villigen Switzerland Chair of Energy Systems Analysis Institute of Energy and Process Engineering Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

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Letter to the Editor regarding "A comparison and methodological proposal for hybrid approaches to quantify environmental impacts: A case study for renewable energies"

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 964卷 178388页

作者： Weinold, Michael P. Laboratory for Energy Systems Analysis PSI Centers for Nuclear Engineering & Sciences and Energy & Environmental Sciences Villigen Switzerland Chair of Energy Systems Analysis Institute of Energy and Process Engineering Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

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Graph Neural Networks embedded into Margules model for vapor-liquid equilibria prediction

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Medina, Edgar Ivan Sanchez Sundmacher, Kai Process Systems Engineering Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Sandtorstraße 1 Saxony-Anhalt Magdeburg39106 Germany Chair for Process Systems Engineering Otto-von-Guericke University Universitätsplatz 2 Saxony-Anhalt Magdeburg39106 Germany

Predictive thermodynamic models are crucial for the early stages of product and process design. In this paper the performance of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) embedded into a relatively simple excess Gibbs energy model, the extended Margules model, for predicting vapor-liquid equilibrium is analyzed. By comparing its performance against the established UNIFAC-Dortmund model it has been shown that GNNs embedded in Margules achieves an overall lower accuracy. However, higher accuracy is observed in the case of various types of binary mixtures. Moreover, since group contribution methods, like UNIFAC, are limited due to feasibility of molecular fragmentation or availability of parameters, the GNN in Margules model offers an alternative for VLE estimation. The findings establish a baseline for the predictive accuracy that simple excess Gibbs energy models combined with GNNs trained solely on infinite dilution data can achieve. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Identifying Dealbreakers and Robust Policies for the Energy Transition Amid Unexpected Events

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Coppitters, Diederik Wiest, Gabriel Göke, Leonard Contino, Francesco Bardow, André Moret, Stefano Place du Levant 2 Louvain-la-Neuve1348 Belgium Energy & Process Systems Engineering Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zürich Switzerland Reliability and Risk Engineering Institute of Energy and Process Engineering ETH Zürich Switzerland

Disruptions in energy imports, backlash in social acceptance, and novel technologies failing to develop are unexpected events that are often overlooked in energy planning, despite their ability to jeopardize the energy transition. We propose a method to explore unexpected events and assess their impact on the transition pathway of a large-scale whole-energy system. First, we evaluate unexpected events assuming "perfect foresight", where decision-makers can anticipate such events in advance. This allows us to identify dealbreakers, i.e., conditions that make the transition infeasible. Then, we assess the events under "limited foresight" to evaluate the robustness of early-stage decisions against unforeseen unexpected events and the costs associated with managing them. A case study for Belgium demonstrates that a lack of electrofuel imports in 2050 is the main dealbreaker, while accelerating the deployment of renewables is the most robust policy. Our transferable method can help policymakers identify key dealbreakers and devise robust energy transition policies. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy transition

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