作者:
R. BarsR. HaberDepartment of Automation
Technical University of Budapest Goldmann Gy. tér 3 Budapest Hungary Fachhochschule Köln
Faculty of Plant and Process Engineering Köln FRG and Ruhr-University Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of Control Systems Bochum FRG
The unknown nonlinear process is approximated by the Hammerstein model, which is one of the natural expansions of the discrete convolution model to nonlinear systems· Because of the large number of the parameters...
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The unknown nonlinear process is approximated by the Hammerstein model, which is one of the natural expansions of the discrete convolution model to nonlinear systems· Because of the large number of the parameters an identification procedure with scalar convergence coefficients is recommended. The control task is to follow a reference model output predicted ahead in a given horizon· The present and future control activities during the prediction horizon are determined minimizing a functional of the error signal between the predicted values of the reference model and the system output. The control signal is assumed constant during the control horizon and the calculation is repeated in each control interval. Simulation results represent the robust behaviour of the control algorithms.
The underlying hypothesis of the case study described is that the development, implementation, operations, and maintenance of large, complex, data-intensive applications, such as computer-integrated manufacturing, can...
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The underlying hypothesis of the case study described is that the development, implementation, operations, and maintenance of large, complex, data-intensive applications, such as computer-integrated manufacturing, can be simplified through the use of object-oriented database management systems (DBMSs). The objective of the case study is to verify this hypothesis. The approach is to prototype selected representative components of a computer-integrated-manufacturing system; these components have been developed on top of a relational DBMS, using an object-oriented DBMS, called Iris. The fundamental elements of the data model of Iris are objects, types, and functions. An Iris object is represented by a unique identifier. Each object is associated with at least one type. This association supports classification. An object is said to be the instance of the types with which it has classification associations. The results of the study illustrate that the object-oriented prototype has a superior schema, is capable of providing convenient access to information, and is easier to extend and maintain.< >
Characteristics of both thermoplastic and thermoset composite materials as they pertain to marine vehicle applications are discussed. Comparison of various material selection factors such as strength, damage and moist...
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Characteristics of both thermoplastic and thermoset composite materials as they pertain to marine vehicle applications are discussed. Comparison of various material selection factors such as strength, damage and moisture resistance, and flammability and toxicity as well as cost and availability of thermoset and thermoplastic composite materials are presented. Methods for testing and reducing the flammability and toxicity are discussed. Many commercially available composite systems are reported to provide favorable characteristics for marine applications. Although there seems to be a need for improved production technology for thermoplastics, they present potential advantages in physical properties over thermoset composites.
作者:
WARD, TAYKEMA, JIThomas A. Ward:is manager of Fire Protective Materials Research for PPG Industries at their Coatings & Resins Group's Research & Development Center located in Springdale
Pa. He received a B.S. degree in wood and polymer chemistry in 1972 from S. U.N.Y. College of Environmental Science and Forestry at Syracuse University. He worked as a research assistant at the S.U.N. Y. Polymer Research Center until 1975. He was a research chemist for Velsicol Corp. involved in the synthesis and process development of fire retardant chemicals for a variety of polymer materials. Since joining PPG in 1978 he has been involved in various coating development work most recently he has responsibility for developing fire protective intu-mescent coatings. John I. Ykema:is vice president and chief technical officer at SPD Technologies
Philadelphia Pa. He has served in various capacities within SPD (formerly I-T-E) since 1955. He served for three years (1951–1954) with NavSea (formerly BuShips Code 560) engineering electrical power systems for aircraft carriers and cruisers. Mr. Ykema received his M.S. degree in electrical power systems engineering from IIT in 1955 after which he joined I-T-E Circuit Breaker Company in Philadelphia Pa. having various assignments on circuit breakers switch-gear relays transformers and rectifiers for both the commercial and the military market. He is currently responsible for providing technical oversight and the coordination of the technical efforts of SPD companies. Mr. Ykema is a member of ASNE ASTM IEEE and SNAME. He serves on the IEEE Marine Transportation Committee.
Fires aboard U.S. naval ships pose a threat not only to human life, but to ship survivability and combat readiness. The U.S. Navy recognized the need to upgrade and utilize state of the art fire fighting equipment, re...
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Fires aboard U.S. naval ships pose a threat not only to human life, but to ship survivability and combat readiness. The U.S. Navy recognized the need to upgrade and utilize state of the art fire fighting equipment, reduce the flammability of materials used on ships and to employ methods to control fire propagation. This paper focuses on the historical development of a method to control fire propagation from compartment to compartment via the ships electrical cable system. The jacket insulation material on the cables is plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These cables will ignite when exposed to a fire source and transport the fire along the cable runs. The Navy, being cognizant of the potential disasterous effects of electrical cable fires, implemented programs to assess the problem. Actual shipboard fire characteristics of cables were studied in conjunction with evaluating methods and materials to control ignition and flame spread. The development and testing of a fire protective intumescent coating to meet the Navy's requirements to control fire propagation along cableways on existing ships is delineated.
The ability of knowledge-based expert systems to facilitate the automation of difficult problems in processengineering that require symbolic reasoning and an efficient manipulation of diverse knowledge has generated ...
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The ability of knowledge-based expert systems to facilitate the automation of difficult problems in processengineering that require symbolic reasoning and an efficient manipulation of diverse knowledge has generated considerable interest recently. Rapid deployment of these systems, however, has been difficult because of the tedious nature of knowledge acquisition, the inability of the system to learn or dynamically improve its performance, and the unpredictability of the system outside its domain of *** paper proposes a neural-network-based methodology for providing a potential solution to the preceding problems in the area of process fault diagnosis. The potential of this approach is demonstrated with the aid of an oil refinery case study of the fluidized catalytic cracking process. The neural-network-based system successfully diagnoses the faults it is trained upon. It is able to generalize its knowledge to successfully diagnose novel fault combinations it is not explicitly trained upon. Furthermore, the network can also handle incomplete and uncertain data. In addition, this approach is compared with the knowledge-based approach.
The basis of a comprehensive real-time knowledge based system for control structure design and supervisory control is developed using the MUSE AT toolkit. Representation of controlengineering knowledge as procedural ...
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The basis of a comprehensive real-time knowledge based system for control structure design and supervisory control is developed using the MUSE AT toolkit. Representation of controlengineering knowledge as procedural code in an object-based structure ensures that the knowledge base is easily understood and modified by domain experts. The simple learning capability that has been implemented has proved to be extremely useful and is being developed further as part of continuing research in this area. It is also hoped to extend the capabilities of the supervisory modules particularly in dealing with loop interactions, the prediction and diagnosis of faults and the provision of an intelligent operator interface.< >
A diagnostic expert system for the whipped toppings process was developed in an effort to: improve product quality/consistency; improve process efficiency by reducing downtime; improve product yield by minimizing prod...
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A diagnostic expert system for the whipped toppings process was developed in an effort to: improve product quality/consistency; improve process efficiency by reducing downtime; improve product yield by minimizing production of marginal product; and standardize diagnostic performance by further educating the plant operators. The expert system is PC-based and has been implemented using VP-Expert, a rule-based development tool, and VP-Info, a database management system. The main principles of operation are as follows. First, the expert system runs off-line and is triggered when the plant operator recognizes, during normal inspection, that a problem exists in the process or with the product. Then, the diagnostic expert system, acting as a consultant to the plant operator, seeks to locate the physical or process malfunctions that are the root causes of the observed process abnormalities. During the course of diagnostic consultations, the expert system serves to focus the attention of the plant operators and aids in coordinating the diagnostic activity of the plant operators and plant maintenance personnel. The expert system proposes corrective actions upon discovery of a malfunction in the plant. The system architecture is of a modular construction so that it may act as a template for future diagnostic expert systems. This paper also includes a discussion of lessons learned from experience in building the expert system.
Techniques to consider aspects of processcontrol during the early stages of process design are considered in this paper. A survey of existing theory and its application to process examples is given. Needs for further...
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Techniques to consider aspects of processcontrol during the early stages of process design are considered in this paper. A survey of existing theory and its application to process examples is given. Needs for further developments are identified.
Apple Computer has successfully replaced traditional written assembly procedures with living text-video animations of the highest clarity in its Macintosh factory. Able to cross language barriers, these tutors guide b...
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Apple Computer has successfully replaced traditional written assembly procedures with living text-video animations of the highest clarity in its Macintosh factory. Able to cross language barriers, these tutors guide both novice and veteran employees in the right way to do things. These videos are available at all times on the assembly station's computer, and can be shown at variable speed, with or without sound, as needed.< >
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