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THE ELECTRIC UTILITY SULFURIC-ACID PLANT

ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS 1986年第4期5卷 273-276页

作者： ARAGON, FG TAYLOR, HS PETRIE, JC Public Service Company of New Mexico San Juan Generating Station Waterflow New Mexico Frank G. Aragon:is a lead chemical engineer in the Plant Engineering Department at San Juan Generating Station. He earned his B.S.Ch.E. degree from New Mexico State University and is a registered professional engineer in the state of New Mexico. He has worked for Public Service Company of New Mexico since 1977 and his responsibilities have included start-up acceptance testing process optimization and modification of the flue gas desulfurization and wastewater recovery systems. He is also a member of AIChE. Henry S. Taylor:is a Chemical Engineering supervisor at San Juan Generating Station. He has engineering support responsibility for the Flue Gas Desulfurization System Wastewater Treatment Systems Environmental Regulations Corrosion Problems and Boiler Water/Cooling Water Treatment processes. Prior to joining Public Service Company of New Mexico he worked for Dow Chemical Company as a Unit Supervisor. He received his B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of New Mexico and is a registered Professional Engineer in N.M. He is a member of Tau Beta Pi AICHE NACE and APCA. James C. Petrie:is Director of Plant Engineering at San Juan Generating Station located near Farmington New Mexico and has worked in management of Engineering and Operations with PNM Atlantic Richfield Co. and Crown Zellerbach Corporation. He graduated with a MS in Chemical Engineering from the University of Idaho and a BS in Chemical Engineering from the University of Wyoming. His PE registration is with the State of Washington and he is a member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

AbstractSan Juan Generating Station is a coal‐fired power plant utilizing the Wellman‐Lord SO2recovery process for meeting SO2compliance regulations. A sulfuric acid plant was designed and built for reliably producing a saleable product from the recovered SO2. Criteria are presented to describe some of the features incorporated into the plant design to meet this unique applicat

关键词： POWER PLANTS

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MAKING SINGLE-MODE PREFORMS BY THE MCVD process

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AT&T TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1986年第1期65卷 56-61页

作者： FLEGAL, WM HANEY, EA ELLIOTT, RS KAMINO, JT ERNST, DN William M. Flegal Eugene A. Haney Ray S. Elliott John T. Kamino: andDavid N. Ernstare engineers in AT&T Network Systems Media Division Atlanta Georgia. They are responsible for preform and single-mode fiber process development and fabrication. Mr. Flegal received a B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology and joined AT&T in 1970.

Optical fibers for telecommunications consist of a core of high-purity doped silica and a silica cladding. The fiber, which has a diameter of 125 mu m, is drawn from a preform, and replicates its dimensional and refractive-index characteristics. A process to produce preforms named the Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition (MCVD) process uses a fused quartz tube on whose inner surface layers of high-purity glasses are deposited. The tube subsequently becomes the fiber cladding. Although multimode systems were very successful, it soon became apparent that the future belonged to single-mode systems. A single-mode fiber does not have modal dispersion problem and, therefore, has a bandwidth many times higher. Continued growth in the demand for single-mode fiber cables has resulted in the conversion of over 90 percent of production capacity to single-mode products.

关键词： OPTICAL FIBERS

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process DESIGNED TO RECYCLE CO2

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HYDROCARBON processING 1985年第4期64卷 67-69页

作者： NETZER, D Combustion Engineering Inc Randall Process Systems Houston TX USA Combustion Engineering Inc Randall Process Systems Houston TX USA

The Randall process for CO//2 separation uses very low CO//2 recompression energy and almost negligible heat energy for solvent regeneration. Overall light hydrocarbons recovery on heat content basis is more than 97% in this high-pressure process which uses a water-based physical solvent or pure water for separation. CO//2 regenerated at relatively high pressure and liquefied while used as a heat source for CO//2-hydrocarbons fractionation. Oxidation of residual H//2S in the CO//2 is incorporated into the CO//2 absorption system. This approach to CO//2-hydrocarbon-H//2S separation integrates CO//2 absorption fractionation and H//2S removal.

关键词： PETROLEUM REFINING

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Adaptive LQ control of Fermentation processes

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1985年第17期18卷 43-47页

作者： H.N.J. Poulisse C. van Helden Departament of Physics and Meteorology Section Systems and Contral Engineering Agricultural University Duivendaal 2 6701 AP Wageningen The Netherlands Departament of Process Engineering Agricultural University Wageningen The Netherlands

A mathematical model is developed for a fairly large class of so-called fed-batch fermentation processes. The model consists of a set of non-linear stochastic differential equations. Measurements of a linear combination of states with additive noise are available at sampling instants. Our objective is to control the system such that it follows same prespecified trajectory. An integral criterion is formulated which should be minimized to achieve the desired system performance. The non-linear stochastic differential equations are linearized around the prespecified trajectory. The linearized continuous time system is transformed into an equivalent discrete time system (EDS) and the integral criterion is transformed into a sum criterion. Robustness of the control is achieved by applying adaptive control to the fermentation process. The EDS is rewritten as an ARMAX-representation and the sum criterion is formulated in terms of output and control rather than in terms of states and control. The relation between the parameters of the ARMAX-mode1 and the original microbiological parameters are established. Finally an adaptive control law is formulated, which, under certain restrictive conditions, will be close to optimal with respect to the averaged quadratic sum criterion.

关键词： Adaptive control biocontrol equivalent discrete time system nonlinear control systems parameter estimation time varying systems

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NAVAL PROPULSION systems WATER-TREATMENT AND control

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 133-137页

作者： EICHINGER, BJ The Author is head of the Water Technology and Process Materials Section Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station (NAVSSES) in Philadelphia. She graduated from Marywood College in 1965 with a bachelor's degree in chemistry. Ms. Eichinger began her career with the Navy as an analytical chemist responsible for resolution of shipboard problems involving water water-formed deposits corrosion contamination and chemical cleaning. She with NAVSSES engineers corrected significant fleet problems arising from contaminants in submarine main hydraulic fluid systems and distillate fuel systems. Ms. Eichinger coordinated with the Naval Sea Systems Command to develop evaluate and implement the water treatment program now in use for all non-nuclear naval propulsion and auxiliary water and steam systems. She is a current member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the author of the Naval Ships' Technical Manual chapter Boiler Water/Feedwater Test and Treatment.

The causes and effects of corrosion and contamination in conventional steam generator systems are described briefly. Treatment and control methodologies currently used by the Navy for feedwater, steam, condensate, and boiler water are detailed. Examples are cited of the manner in which Navy personnel are trained in interpretation of analytical data and in trend analysis in order that the ship can exercise preventive and corrective control of problems. Ancillary subjects discussed include chemical cleaning, mechanical cleaning, and out-of-service preservation. An overview of planned improvements is provided.

关键词： FEEDWATER TREATMENT

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RETROFIT OF SOPHISTICATED control INTO AN EXISTING CHEMICAL COMPLEX.

RETROFIT OF SOPHISTICATED CONTROL INTO AN EXISTING CHEMICAL ...

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Proceedings - Thirty-Ninth Annual Symposium on Instrumentation for the process Industries.

作者： Groves, D.M. Exxon Chemical Co Process Control Systems Baytown TX USA Exxon Chemical Co Process Control Systems Baytown TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)0876648014

This paper examines the retrofit of a sophisticated control system into an existing petrochemical complex. Exxon has been pursuing modern process control systems development since the early 1960's. These systems generally include improved instrumentation, control computers, and the expanded use of analyzers, all aimed at improved higher level control. In the 1963-1965 time frame, Exxon began to explore the use of electronic instrumentation coupled with computers.

关键词： CHEMICAL PLANTS

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CHANGES AND CHALLENGES FACING THE process control INDUSTRY.

Chilton's I&CS (Instruments & Control Systems)

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Chilton's I&CS (Instruments & control systems) 1984年第8期57卷 47-49页

作者： Britton, Robert Rosemount Inc Process Control Systems Burnsville MN USA Rosemount Inc Process Control Systems Burnsville MN USA

Many economic, technical, and market forces will affect the future of the process industry, and the equipment used for control. This article looks at the forces, and predicts what changes are in store for users and manufacturers alike. Subjects covered include production changes, buying patterns, market characteristics, and others.

关键词： process control

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CUT AND SPLICE - A METHOD OF WEIGHT ESTIMATING FOR REPEAT SHIP DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第6期96卷 31-39页

作者： BURCH, GJ The Authorreceived his BS degree in electrical engineering from the Colorado School of Mines in 1975 Postgraduate studies in mechanical engineering at the University of Maryland resulted in an MS degree in 1980. During this time he was an instructor in engineering materials and automatic controls and later a research assistant in solar energy applications for industrial process heat. Since 1978 he has been a naval architect in the Weight Division of the Naval Sea Systems Command. His responsibilities include weight control and weight monitoring of SSN-688 class construction deep submersibles and speciality vehicles. Mr. Burch is a member of ASNE ASE SNAME and SAWE. He serves on the ASNE Day Exhibits Subcommittee.

“Cut and splice” is a weight estimating method for repeat design and modified repeat design of naval ships where a change in length of the original design is necessary. Beginning with the highest level of detail weight available for the design, usually a final weight report, expressed in one of the U.S. Navy's accounting systems (BSCI or SWBS), and in the format for use with the ship design weight estimate (SDWE) computer program, the original details are manipulated with the aid of the high speed computer to simulate cutting the ship at a specific longitudinal point, shifting all weight aft of that cut plane a specific distance, and filling the void space created by the shift with a homogeneous length of ship. The resultant ship inherits the design philosophy incorporated into the original ship. Where many potential changes to the original design will be contemplated, a unit length insert for each functional section of the ship may be derived so that the weight and moment impact of any change anywhere in the ship can be assessed quickly when the true length increase becomes known.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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A NEW APPROACH TO OVERHAUL REPAIR WORK PLANNING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第1期96卷 59-65页

作者： SMITH, BD received his B.S. degree in Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1957 and hk M.S. and Naval Engineer degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963. In addition he succesfully completed nuclear power operational training at the DIG prototype in 1965. He has served as Weapons Officer and Executive Officer in Destroyer-type ships and as Engineer Officer in both a Guided Miwile Frigate and an Attack Aircraft Carrier. His maintenance experience in addition to engineering &oat incfudes overhaul and conversion project management assignments in a Naval Shipyard and service as Engineering Officer on an Aircraft Type Commander's Staff. Currently he is a Principal with American Management Systems Inc. analyzing the overhaul planning process for surface combatant ships. A member of ASNE since 1961 he aiso is a member of ASME and SNAME.

ABSTRACT If one were to define the objectives of a proper maintenance program in simple but all-inclusive terms, he would be hard pressed to improve upon the following extract from the Foreword to the ReliabiIity-Centered Maintenance Handbook “… Our goal to have a Fleet of reliable modern ships requires that we be effective in maintaining their readiness… As maintainers we must focus on not one, but two objectives - do things right - and do the right things.” ABSTRACT The historical focus on overhaul improvement efforts bas been on the fitst of these two aspects - doing things “right” which involves the quality of work accomplished by the overhauling activity. The thrust of this paper will be in the direction of the second aspect of maintenance; to ensure that the right things are being done. The basis of the approach to identifying these “right things” to be done in overhaul will be the principle of Reliability-Centered Maintenance. The objective of the new approach to repair work planning is to hit the work to be accomplished in overhaul to that justifid as applicable and effective, eliminating unnecessary or ineffective work that increases overhaul duration and compromises post-overhaul operational reliability through maintenance-induced failure.

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THE NO FRAME CONCEPT - ITS IMPACT ON SHIPYARD COST

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 218-232页

作者： NAPPI, NS WALZ, RW WIERNICKI, CJ Natale S. Nappi:graduated from City College of New York in 1954 with a B.S. degree in civil engineering and received his M.S. in civil engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1959. He began his professional career in 1954 at the New York Naval Shipyard as a naval architect (structures) performing detail structural design and fabrication studies for CVAs LPDs DDs and CGs and eventually became a supervisory naval architect (structures). From 1965 to 1973 he was a member of the staff of the Computer-Aided Design Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC). As such he was involved in the development of the computer structural design tool the SSDP (in association with Frank M. Lev) and automated detail design programs (CASDOS). His current position is Senior Naval Architect Consultant in the structural integrity group of the Ship Structures Division Structures Department DTNSRDC. Mr. Nappi is the author and co-author of numerous technical papers and reports covering a wide spectrum of topics such as automated structural design process design for producibility and survivability material weight and cost trade-off studies and structural weight determination for high performance ships (i.e. SES SWATH HYSWAS). He has lectured on the subjects of design for survivability and ship structures at the Naval Post Graduate School and MIT. He is a member of ASNE ASCE U.S. Naval Institute Sigma Xi and is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of New York. Mr. Nappi was a member of the NAVSEA working commitee for the computer supported design planning effort and is currently a member of the DTNSRDC ASSET Advisory Committee. Ronald W. Walz:graduated in 1974 from Pennsylvania State University with a B.S. degree in civil engineering. He began his professional career in 1974 at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center as a structural engineer in the structural design concepts group of the Ship Structures Division Structures Department.

A proposed cost effective alternative to current U.S. Navy structurally configured hulls is presented in this paper. This proposed design for producibility concept involves the elimination of structural stanchions and transverse web frames. The potential impact of this “no frame” concept on structural design, weight and construction and material costs for naval surface frigates and destroyers is reflected in 1) reduced costs for the installation of distributive systems and 2) a reduced number and complexity of structural details providing a more reliable and less costly structure. This study was performed in three parts: 1) Determine the most feasible length between bulkheads without frames; 2) Using this length perform detail weight studies and construction and material costs analysis comparison on a 72-foot long hull module, with and without frames, for a FFG-7, and 3) Estimate the saving in man hours of labor on the installation of distributive systems and shipfitting for an FFG-7. For the feasible length studies on the “no frame” structural configuration, thirty-seven strength, weight and vertical center of gravity studies were performed on two ship classes; twenty-two on the FFG-7 class and fifteen on the DD-963 class. The detailed weight studies and construction and material cost analyses were conducted for FFG-7 “no frame” and “as built” modules. Results indicating the “no frame” concept module was 6.8% heavier and 14.8% less costly than the “as built” module. For the impact of an FFG-7 “no frame” structurally configured hull on the cost of labor required for the installation of distributive systems and for other functional work such as ship fitting, welding, and electrical, this study indicated a reduction of 169,206 labor hours per ship, representing 7.12% of the total required man hours to fabricate an FFG-7 class ship. With the employment of the “no frame” concept, certain areas of significant concern and potential risk were addressed. These include: 1) t

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