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作者： J. McCalla K.C. Baldwin J.D. Irish D.R. Blidberg K. Sivaprasad Ocean Systems Engineering Houston TX USA Ocean Engineering Program University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA Ocean process Analysis Laboratory University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA Marine Systems Engineering Laboratory University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA

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Comparative analysis of RDBMS and OODBMS: a case study

Comparative analysis of RDBMS and OODBMS: a case study

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IEEE Compcon

作者： M.A. Ketabchi S. Mathur T. Risch J. Chen Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences Santa Clara University Santa Clara CA USA Data Management Systems Division Hewlett Packard Company Cupertino CA USA Database Technology Department/Stanford Science Center Hewlett Packard Laboratories Palo Alto CA USA Corporate Product Generation Process Department Hewlett Packard Company Palo Alto CA USA

The underlying hypothesis of the case study described is that the development, implementation, operations, and maintenance of large, complex, data-intensive applications, such as computer-integrated manufacturing, can be simplified through the use of object-oriented database management systems (DBMSs). The objective of the case study is to verify this hypothesis. The approach is to prototype selected representative components of a computer-integrated-manufacturing system; these components have been developed on top of a relational DBMS, using an object-oriented DBMS, called Iris. The fundamental elements of the data model of Iris are objects, types, and functions. An Iris object is represented by a unique identifier. Each object is associated with at least one type. This association supports classification. An object is said to be the instance of the types with which it has classification associations. The results of the study illustrate that the object-oriented prototype has a superior schema, is capable of providing convenient access to information, and is easier to extend and maintain.< >

关键词： Computer aided software engineering Object oriented modeling Transaction databases Data models Computer integrated manufacturing Prototypes Database languages Laboratories Milling machines Application software

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FLAMMABILITY AND TOXICITY OF COMPOSITE-MATERIALS FOR MARINE VEHICLES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第5期102卷 45-54页

作者： SEVART, JL GRIFFIN, OH GURDAL, Z WARNER, GA Jeffrey L. Sevart:is a native of Kansas and a 1985 graduate of Kansas State University with a B.S. in mechanical engineering (magna cum laude). After working as a stress analysis engineer at Boeing Military Airplane Company in Wichita Kans. he attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and received an M.S. in engineering mechanics in February 1988. He currently resides in Akron Ohio working as a research engineer in tire composites research at The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. O. Hayden Griffin Jr.:received his B.S. and M.S. in mechanical engineering from Texas Tech University in 1970 and 1971 respectively. He received his Ph.D. in engineering mechanics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1980. Prior to joining the faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University as associate professor of engineering science and mechanics in September 1985 he was employed at the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center (Dahlgren Virginia) BF Goodrich Tire Group (Akron Ohio) the Bendix Advanced Technology Center (Columbia Maryland) and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (Laurel Maryland). He is currently an associate director of the Virginia Institute for Material Systems. He is a registered professional engineer in Virginia and is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Society for Composites. Zafer Gürdal:received his M.S. in mechanical and aerospace engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology in 1981 and his Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985. He worked as a research associate in the Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Department at Virginia Tech before joining the Engineering Science and Mechanics Department as an assistant professor in September 1985. Professor Gürdal's research interests include: composite structures failure mechanics of composites structural optimization and damage tolerant design. He is a member of the American Institute

Characteristics of both thermoplastic and thermoset composite materials as they pertain to marine vehicle applications are discussed. Comparison of various material selection factors such as strength, damage and moisture resistance, and flammability and toxicity as well as cost and availability of thermoset and thermoplastic composite materials are presented. Methods for testing and reducing the flammability and toxicity are discussed. Many commercially available composite systems are reported to provide favorable characteristics for marine applications. Although there seems to be a need for improved production technology for thermoplastics, they present potential advantages in physical properties over thermoset composites.

关键词： Composite Materials

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FIRE PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEM FOR SHIPBOARD ELECTRICAL CABLES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 154-161页

作者： WARD, TA YKEMA, JI Thomas A. Ward:is manager of Fire Protective Materials Research for PPG Industries at their Coatings & Resins Group's Research & Development Center located in Springdale Pa. He received a B.S. degree in wood and polymer chemistry in 1972 from S. U.N.Y. College of Environmental Science and Forestry at Syracuse University. He worked as a research assistant at the S.U.N. Y. Polymer Research Center until 1975. He was a research chemist for Velsicol Corp. involved in the synthesis and process development of fire retardant chemicals for a variety of polymer materials. Since joining PPG in 1978 he has been involved in various coating development work most recently he has responsibility for developing fire protective intu-mescent coatings. John I. Ykema:is vice president and chief technical officer at SPD Technologies Philadelphia Pa. He has served in various capacities within SPD (formerly I-T-E) since 1955. He served for three years (1951–1954) with NavSea (formerly BuShips Code 560) engineering electrical power systems for aircraft carriers and cruisers. Mr. Ykema received his M.S. degree in electrical power systems engineering from IIT in 1955 after which he joined I-T-E Circuit Breaker Company in Philadelphia Pa. having various assignments on circuit breakers switch-gear relays transformers and rectifiers for both the commercial and the military market. He is currently responsible for providing technical oversight and the coordination of the technical efforts of SPD companies. Mr. Ykema is a member of ASNE ASTM IEEE and SNAME. He serves on the IEEE Marine Transportation Committee.

Fires aboard U.S. naval ships pose a threat not only to human life, but to ship survivability and combat readiness. The U.S. Navy recognized the need to upgrade and utilize state of the art fire fighting equipment, reduce the flammability of materials used on ships and to employ methods to control fire propagation. This paper focuses on the historical development of a method to control fire propagation from compartment to compartment via the ships electrical cable system. The jacket insulation material on the cables is plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These cables will ignite when exposed to a fire source and transport the fire along the cable runs. The Navy, being cognizant of the potential disasterous effects of electrical cable fires, implemented programs to assess the problem. Actual shipboard fire characteristics of cables were studied in conjunction with evaluating methods and materials to control ignition and flame spread. The development and testing of a fire protective intumescent coating to meet the Navy's requirements to control fire propagation along cableways on existing ships is delineated.

关键词： Electric Cables

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A NEURAL NETWORK METHODOLOGY FOR process FAULT-DIAGNOSIS

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AICHE JOURNAL 1989年第12期35卷 1993-2002页

作者： VENKATASUBRAMANIAN, V CHAN, K Laboratory for Intelligent Process Systems School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907

The ability of knowledge-based expert systems to facilitate the automation of difficult problems in process engineering that require symbolic reasoning and an efficient manipulation of diverse knowledge has generated considerable interest recently. Rapid deployment of these systems, however, has been difficult because of the tedious nature of knowledge acquisition, the inability of the system to learn or dynamically improve its performance, and the unpredictability of the system outside its domain of *** paper proposes a neural-network-based methodology for providing a potential solution to the preceding problems in the area of process fault diagnosis. The potential of this approach is demonstrated with the aid of an oil refinery case study of the fluidized catalytic cracking process. The neural-network-based system successfully diagnoses the faults it is trained upon. It is able to generalize its knowledge to successfully diagnose novel fault combinations it is not explicitly trained upon. Furthermore, the network can also handle incomplete and uncertain data. In addition, this approach is compared with the knowledge-based approach.

关键词： Chemical Operations

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control structure determination and enhanced self-tuning using the 'MUSE' AI toolkit

Control structure determination and enhanced self-tuning usi...

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IEE Colloquium on Knowledge Based Environments for Industrial Applications Including Co-Operating Expert systems in control

作者： R. Corea D. Peel A.J. Morris Advanced Process Control and Knowledge Based Systems Research Group Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Newcastle UK

The basis of a comprehensive real-time knowledge based system for control structure design and supervisory control is developed using the MUSE AT toolkit. Representation of control engineering knowledge as procedural code in an object-based structure ensures that the knowledge base is easily understood and modified by domain experts. The simple learning capability that has been implemented has proved to be extremely useful and is being developed further as part of continuing research in this area. It is also hoped to extend the capabilities of the supervisory modules particularly in dealing with loop interactions, the prediction and diagnosis of faults and the provision of an intelligent operator interface.< >

关键词： Adaptive control Digital control Design automation control systems Knowledge based systems Knowledge representation

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DEVELOPMENT OF A DIAGNOSTIC EXPERT SYSTEM FOR A WHIPPED TOPPINGS process

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JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE process INDUSTRIES 1989年第3期2卷 145-154页

作者： RICH, SH VENKATASUBRAMANIAN, V NASRALLAH, M MATTEO, C Engineering Department Mobil Research and Development Corporation Princeton NJ 08540 USA Laboratory for Intelligent Process Systems Department of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA General FoodsCorporation Technical Center 250 North Street White Plains NY 10625 USA

A diagnostic expert system for the whipped toppings process was developed in an effort to: improve product quality/consistency; improve process efficiency by reducing downtime; improve product yield by minimizing production of marginal product; and standardize diagnostic performance by further educating the plant operators. The expert system is PC-based and has been implemented using VP-Expert, a rule-based development tool, and VP-Info, a database management system. The main principles of operation are as follows. First, the expert system runs off-line and is triggered when the plant operator recognizes, during normal inspection, that a problem exists in the process or with the product. Then, the diagnostic expert system, acting as a consultant to the plant operator, seeks to locate the physical or process malfunctions that are the root causes of the observed process abnormalities. During the course of diagnostic consultations, the expert system serves to focus the attention of the plant operators and aids in coordinating the diagnostic activity of the plant operators and plant maintenance personnel. The expert system proposes corrective actions upon discovery of a malfunction in the plant. The system architecture is of a modular construction so that it may act as a template for future diagnostic expert systems. This paper also includes a discussion of lessons learned from experience in building the expert system.

关键词： fault administration process flexibility expert systems

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Interactions Between process Design and process control

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1989年第8期22卷 195-203页

作者： J.D. Perkins IRC in Process Systems Engineering Imperial College London SW7 2BY UK

Techniques to consider aspects of process control during the early stages of process design are considered in this paper. A survey of existing theory and its application to process examples is given. Needs for further... 详细信息

关键词： process control controllability multivariable systems linear systems nonlinear systems

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Video animation on the Macintosh factory floor

Video animation on the Macintosh factory floor

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IEEE Compcon

作者： F. Schindler Systems Assembly Process Engineering Apple Computer Inc. Fremont CA USA

Apple Computer has successfully replaced traditional written assembly procedures with living text-video animations of the highest clarity in its Macintosh factory. Able to cross language barriers, these tutors guide both novice and veteran employees in the right way to do things. These videos are available at all times on the assembly station's computer, and can be shown at variable speed, with or without sound, as needed.< >

关键词： Animation Production facilities Assembly systems process control Inspection Documentation systems engineering and theory Employee rights Profitability Manufacturing

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TOWARDS A SPECIALIZED SHELL FOR DIAGNOSTIC EXPERT systems FOR CHEMICAL-PLANT

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JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE process INDUSTRIES 1988年第2期1卷 84-91页

作者： VENKATASUBRAMANIAN, V Intelligent Systems in Process Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia University NY 10027 USA

Recent developments on the application of artificial intelligence (Al) concepts and techniques for the automation of chemical process fault diagnosis has met with some success. However, the process of developing such systems, called knowledge engineering, is time-consuming and expensive involving specialized labour. This bottleneck presents a serious barrier that must be overcome if the benefits of Al-based approaches are to be realized at large in the process industry. Towards that goal, we present an analysis of the knowledge engineering process in the context of process diagnosis and a possible solution strategy. By viewing the knowledge engineering activity at different levels of abstraction, one is able to identify how the different aspects of the bottleneck emerge and also clarify methodological issues from formalization- and implementation-related ones. The analysis suggests that a specialized environment or shell, that already possesses the diagnostic methodology and the related modelling constructs, is the natural way of circumventing the bottleneck. As a potential knowledge core of such a shell, a diagnostic methodology that has the characteristics to facilitate rapid prototyping, easy modification, and maintenance of diagnostic expert systems is described.

关键词： expert systems fault administration modelling

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