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MULTILEVEL OPTIMIZATION FOR MULTI-OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS

APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING 1981年第3期5卷 173-178页

作者： TAKAMA, N LOUCKS, DP Process Systems Engineering Department CHIYODA Chemical Engineering and Construction Co Ltd Tsurumi Yokohama Japan Department of Environmental Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NewYork USA

A multi-level solution method is presented for multi-objective optimization of large-scale systems associated with the hierarchical structure of decision-making. The method, consisting of a multi-level problem formulation and an interactive algorithm, has distinct advantages in handling the difficulties which are often experienced in engineering. The method is illustrated by its application to an optimal design of a processing system.

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A control Strategy of Heat Exchange System for Energy Conservation

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1981年第2期14卷 3249-3254页

作者： N. Takama T. Kuriyama K. Shiroko T. Umeda Process Systems Engineering Department Chiyoda Chemical Engineering and Construction Co. Ltd. P. O. Box 10 Tsurumi Yokohama Japan

A method for optimizing the operating conditions of a heat exchange system has been developed using a system sensitivity concept. The optimal values for manipulated variables are determined by the sensitivities associated with the system performance and constraints so as to maximize the amount of heat recovery. To calculate the sensitivities a simple but useful model has been derived by means of a signal flow diagram. As an illustrative example, a heat exchange system around a topping column in a petroleum refinery has been taken up to show the usefulness of the proposed method.

关键词： Optimal control supervisory control computer control sensitivity analysis heat exchangers energy conservation

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THERMODYNAMIC APPROACH TO STEAM-POWER SYSTEM-DESIGN

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY PROCESS DESIGN AND DEVELO...

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INDUSTRIAL & engineering CHEMISTRY process DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 1980年第2期19卷 306-312页

作者： NISHIO, M ITOH, J SHIROKO, K UMEDA, T Process Systems Engineering Department Chiyoda Chemical Engineering & Construction Co. Ltd. Tsurumi Yokohama Japan

Chemical industries in general consume great amounts of energy, and in the past several years it has become very important to make a strong effort to conserve energy in design and operation. Among the several kinds of problems faced in a steam-power system design, the problem of determining system structure and design conditions is most important. In solving the problem with directly acceptable results, it is desirable to build a sound basis for gaining deep insights into the energy conservation problem. The paper is concerned with a thermodynamic approach to steam-power system design. The practical usefulness of the present method is illustrated by solving a problem of steam-power system design in a petroleum refinery. © 1980, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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OXYGEN-TRANSFER RATES, MECHANISMS, AND APPLICATIONS IN BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER-TREATMENT

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CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL control 1980年第4期9卷 301-392页

作者： BENNETT, GF [a]Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Toledo Toledo Ohio [b]Process Systems Operations The Envirotech Corporation Salt Lake City Utah

Oxygen is an essential element for the respiration and growth of aerobic bacteria. Since actively multiplying bacteria consume oxygen at a prodigious rate and since oxygen is a sparingly‐soluble gas, aerobic bacteria are generally minutes away from consuming the total dissolved oxygen supply and are therefore always close to self destruction. Hence, understanding and measuring the rate of oxygen supply and mechanism of transport from gas to microbial cell are vital to an effectively functioning aerobic system. But over‐supply, though not having serious consequences for the bacteria, does for the operation in expenditure of needless energy. Thus the bioengineer must carefully balance oxygen supply and usage. This review examines the various aspects of oxygen transfer and utilization — beginning with the basic physical processes governing transfer of oxygen from the air into solution, followed by complication due to chemical reaction and finally the problem introduced by mass transfer coupled with chemical reaction. Oxygen solubility and its measurement are discussed. Following establishment of the fundamental parameters governing transfer, the removal process, i.e., rate of uptake of oxygen by bacteria is treated. This section is followed by a discussion of the various methods of measurement of oxygen transfer and the physical factors affecting that rate. A major section is devoted to types of aeration equipment, their description, use, efficiency, etc. The review ends with three rather short sections on oxygen transfer economics, dissolved oxygen control and utilization of pure oxygen.

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S5: Computer control in the Fertilizer Industry

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1980年第9期13卷 49-54页

作者： A.E. Nisenfeld Process Control Systems Section Hooker Chemical Co. Grand Island New York U.S.A.

A survey of the 40 member nations of the International Federation of Automatic control and of the literature discloses about 40 applications of digital computers to fertilizer plants for the purpose of on-line control. These systems are primarily in ammonia plants with one or two in nitric acid plants. Benefits of computerization of these plants, as well as the technical details are discussed.

关键词： Computer control Automation Fertilizer Ammonia

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SEAKEEPING BY DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 157-178页

作者： COMSTOCK, EN KEANE, RG Mr. Edward N. Comstock is currently Head of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamics Section (SEA 32132) of the Hull Form Design Performance and Stability Branch Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his B.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering in 1970 and his M.S. degree in Ship Hydrodynamics in 1974 both from the University of Michigan. Mr. Comstock began his professional career with the U.S. Navy in 1974 as a Seakeeping Specialist in the Hull Form and Fluid Dynamics Branch of the former Naval Ship Engineering Center being involved in improving the design of naval ships through the integration of R&D technology advances into the ship design process. His efforts prior to 1980 were mainly aimed at developing and establishing Seakeeping Performance Assessment and Design Practices. Other responsibilities have included numerous ship performance investigations in still water and in the sea environment in support of ship design and specific Fleet problems. Prior to his employment by the Navy he worked in the Structural and Hydrodynamic Groups of General Dynamics' Electric Boat Division. There his activities spanned the areas of Submarine structural and Hydrodynamic Design and Construction. A member of ASNE since 1978. he is also a member of ASE and SNAME and has been active in supporting the efforts of the SNAME H-7 (Seakeeping) Panel the National Science Foundation (NSF). and the NATO Naval Armaments Group 6/Sub-Group 5 (Seakeeping). Mr. Robert G. Keane Jr. is presently Head of the Hull Form Design. Performance and Stability Branch (SEA 3213). Ship Design and Integration Directorate (SEA 03). Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He received his B.E.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from The Johns Hopkins University in 1962. his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Stevens Institute of Technology in 1967. and his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture from the University of Michigan in 1970. Additionally he has done graduate work in Management Science and Operations Research at The Johns Ho

“Seakeeping … is the ability of our ships to go to sea, and Successfully and safely execute their missions despite adverse environmental factors.” — VAdm. R.E. Adamson. USN In June 1975, VAdm. R.E. Adamson, USN, then Commander Naval Surface Forces, U.S. Atlantic Fleet, addressed the participants of the Seakeeping Workshop [1] and established what has come to be a most profound definition of seakeeping as it relates to the U.S. Navy. In those few words he identified the two major issues facing the operator today and provided the focus for all subsequent seakeeping efforts within the design community at the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA). For it is these two hues of mission sum and safety at sea which are addressed within NAVSEA, for each new ship design and for ships in the Fleet, in terms of: SEAKEEPING PERFORMANCE — Ability to execute mission in a sea environment, and SEAWORTHINESS — Ability to survive in an extreme sea environment. In the past, the design of ships exhibiting superior seakeeping performance and seaworthiness and seaworthiness has been looked upon by many as an art or an academic exercise. The objective of this paper then is to demonstrate clearly that the ability of our ships to execute their missions successfully and safely in a sea environment is not by chance but by design.

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THE EFFECT OF THERMAL FABRICATION PRACTICES ON ALUMINUM

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第5期92卷 37-43页

作者： HAY, RA HOLTYN, CH Mr. Robert A. Hayis currently a Welding Consultant and prior to his retirement in 1977 was the Director of Welding. Engineering & Technical Services Department. Reynolds Metals Company a position he had held since 1974. He received his formal education in Pennsylvania and New Jersey with additional studies in Welding Metallurgy at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). after which he spent seven years at the New York Naval Shipyard where he was a Welding Supervisor in charge of underwater welders (divers) and other specialized welding applications. Subsequent thereto he worked for the Linde Company Division Union Carbide Corporation in the R&D Laboratory on the development of the inert gas-welding processes TIG and MIG and as a Technical Sales Representative. In 1959. he joined the Engineering Services Department Reynolds Metals Company as a Welding Engineer where he specialized in cryogenic applications welder training programs and marine construction and was the Resident Welding Engineer in New Orleans. La. during the construction of the 306-foot all-aluminum Trailer shipSacal Borincano.In 1963 he accepted a position with Aero jet General Von Karman Center Azusa Calif. as a Process Engineer on the development of the aluminum and stainless steel propulsion systems for the APOLLO and ABLESTAR Space Vehicles. during which time he promoted the use of an electron beam welding system and a high strength aluminum alloy to produce the reliability required of the APOLLO Space Unit. Mr. Hay rejoined the Reynolds Metals Company as Chief Welding Engineer where he produced the first high speed technical movie “The Effect of Arc Variation on Aluminum Welds” and also developed the widely used technical comic book “MIG Welding Aluminum”with Pete and Harry which was later translated into the Parsi language for use in the Mideast. A Life Member of the American Welding Society a Past Chairman of the Welding and Joining Committee and a Past Member of SNAME. he has contributed numerous technical papers

Various thermal practices may be used during metal fabrication. Although certain operations are routine for steel, they are not for aluminum. The properties of aluminum are different from those of steel, and the effect of high temperature on each metal is different. Aluminum does not experience any color change while being heated to the melting point. Temperature control is essential in order to prevent damage, to minimize the loss of mechanical properties, and to safeguard against reduced corrosion resistance. Hot forming and flame straightening can be used effectively to fabricate aluminum provided adjustments are made to the shipyard's routine steel practices. Even with the best procedures the post thermal properties of thick, heavy, aluminum parts may be below the published minimums. Accordingly, parts that are exposed to high temperatures for extended periods of time should be designed with reduced properties in mind. Ship structures must meet prescribed fairness tolerances. Distorted aluminum assemblies can be brought within standards through the use of a flame/quench technique. The shipyard's procedures must be approved for Navy work and scrupulously followed by trained crews in order to obtain acceptable results.

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THERMODYNAMIC APPROACH TO HEAT INTEGRATION IN DISTILLATION systems

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AICHE JOURNAL 1979年第3期25卷 423-429页

作者： UMEDA, T NIIDA, K SHIROKO, K Process Systems Engineering Department Chiyoda Chemical Engineering and Construction Company Ltd. Yokohama Japan

Starting from a conventional distillation system without heat integration, a series of bottlenecks from the viewpoint of energy conservation is sequentially found by a thermodynamic analysis using a heat availability diagram, and modified systems are evolutionally synthesized as the result of debottlenecking. The present approach has made possible a unified interpretation of various energy integrated distillation systems with multieffect columns, intercondensers/interreboilers, heat pumps, etc.

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SHINPADS — A NEW SHIP INTEGRATION CONCEPT

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Naval Engineers Journal 1979年第2期91卷 155-163页

作者： CARRUTHERS, JAMES F. CANADIAN FORCES Cdr. James F. Carruthers is a native of Drumheller Alberta Canada. He joined the Royal Canadian Navy in 1961 and attended the Royal Roads Military College from 1961 to 1963 receiving his BE degree in Electrical Engineering. Following Pre-Fleet Training he was assigned to HMCS Gatineau for watchkeeping and engineering training. Work on the prototype AN/SQS-505 Sonar ASROC Missile System and the prototype ASW Data System (ASWDS) followed including shipboard installation and evaluation of the system in HMCS Terra Nova during which time he was the “guinea pig” Combat Systems Engineer. Later during the construction phase of the Canadian Navy's Combined Support Center he acted as Principal Engineer subsequently returning to graduate studies at the Nova Scotia Technical College in 1971 from which he received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering designing and building a computer intended for ship machinery health monitoring in the process. Posted to Headquarters in 1974 he served as Project Officer for a mini command and control system known as ADLIPS his additional interests being that of originating plasma and digital television developments. It was during this period that the SHINPADS concept was first put forward and following a year at the Canadian Forces Command and Staff College he was promoted to his present rank in 1977 and posted as Head of the Naval Command and Control Design Authority (DCMS 7). Cdr. Carruthers is a registered Professional Engineer (Ontario). and as an author has had several technical papers published on digital design machinery health monitoring and the SHINPADS concept. At the present time he is Assistant Director Maritime Combat Systems at the National Defense Headquarters in Ottawa where his current responsibilities include all aspects of C2systems. A member of ASNE since February 1978 he is also a member of IEEE U.S. Naval Institute and the IEEE Computer Society.

The Shipboard Integrated processing And Display System (SHINPADS) is a Canadian Forces Trademark, and is not really a system. It is rather a concept of ship integration. Not combat system integration or propulsion and machinery system integration but ship integration. It encompasses the entire ship system including all combat system equipments, marine engineering systems, and extending into administrative support hardware. It is a concept based upon the idea of synergism, a property which is best explained by stating the whole is greater than the sum of its constituent parts. When the normal horizons of the subsystem designer are discarded and the entire ship is considered as an entity, the number of constituent parts available increases dramatically. But how does one “get it all together”? A distributed system approach in which former local subsystem equipments are made to function as global ship resources is the answer. Whereas until recently (where shipboard computers were concerned) “bigger was better,” a distributed approach requires more numerous small processors to be considered. Of course information must be made available to all processors, so a high speed data exchange method must be provided. Enter the SHINPADS Data Bus which not only provides this “ship central nervous system” capability but replaces tons of point‐to‐point wiring in the process. Other aspects of the concept include standardization of hardware, software, and interfacing. The SHINPADS concept is Considered to provide redundancy and system survivability at a reduced life‐cycle cost. It is suggested that such survivability cannot otherwise be achieved. © 1979 American Society of Naval Engineers

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THE AUTOMATIC DATA LINK PLOTTING SYSTEM (ADLIPS)

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Naval Engineers Journal 1979年第2期91卷 185-191页

作者： CARRUTHERS, JAMES F. CANADIAN FORCES Cdr. James F. Carruthers is a native of Drumheller Alberta Canada. He joined the Royal Canadian Navy in 1961 and attended the Royal Roads Military College from 1961 to 1963 receiving his BE degree in Electrical Engineering. Following Pre-Fleet Training he was assigned to HMCS Gatineau for watchkeeping and engineering training. Work on the prototype AN/SQS-505 Sonar. ASROC Missile System and the prototype ASW Data System (ASWDS) followed including shipboard installation and evaluation of the system in HMCS Terra Nova during which time he was the “guinea pig” Combat Systems Engineer. Later during the construction phase of the Canadian Navy's Combined Support Center he acted as Principal Engineer subsequently returning to graduate studies at the Nova Scotia Technical College in 1971 from which he received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering designing and building a computer intended for ship machinery health monitoring in the process. Posted to Headquarters in 1974 he served as Project Officer for a mini command and control system known as ADLIPS his additional interests being that of originating plasma and digital television developments. It was during this period that the SHINPADS concept was first put forward and following a year at the Canadian Forces Command and Staff College he was promoted to his present rank in 1977 and posted as Head of the Naval Command and Control Design Authority (DCMS 7). Cdr. Carruthers is a registered Professional Engineer (Ontario) and as an author has had several technical papers published on digital design machinery health monitoring and the SHINPADS concept. At the present time he is Assistant Director Maritime Combat Systems at the National Defense Headquarters in Ottawa where his current responsibilities include all aspects of C2systems. A member of ASNE since February 1978 he is also a member of IEEE U.S. Naval Institute and the IEEE Computer Society.

The Automatic Date Link Plotting System (ADLIPS) about to enter production in Canada might be described as a “poor man's NTDS.” It has been designed to operate actively on both Link 11 and Link 14, integrate current ship sensors, control weapon designation, and to provide synthetic and raw radar pictures to the command. Displays include three‐man, 22‐inch, horizontally mounted CRTs, remote plasmas for applications such as the Bridge and EW Office, and a hard copy plotter. One of the design objectives of ADLIPS was to avoid inventing anything. The displays, computer, bulk storage, et cetera, were all chosen from “off‐the‐shelf” equipments. The production version will incorporate standard USN equipments in the form of the AN/UYK‐20 minicomputer and AN/USH‐26 cartridge magnetic tape. The only “new” elements are some unique interface cards and the computer software. The prototype received in excess of one year's evaluation in a land based test site followed by a year's operation at sea. Over two years of failure free operation demonstrated the viability of the concept, with the result that a program is underway to outfit all Canadian Navy surface warships. Due to its modularity, capability, and low cost ADLIPS is considered to be a prime candidate for fitment in a variety of NATO and Allied Navies. © 1979 American Society of Naval Engineers

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