Direct measurement of threadline tension between a rotating ring traveler and the point of enrollment on the package surface is difficult because of the general inaccessibility of this portion of the threadline. Despi...
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Direct measurement of threadline tension between a rotating ring traveler and the point of enrollment on the package surface is difficult because of the general inaccessibility of this portion of the threadline. Despite this limitation, at least four methods for deducing yarn tension by measurement of winding moment have been described. A novel, but simple system for measurement of winding tension is here described in which variation in electrical load on a twisting spindle drive motor provides the means for measurement of winding moment.
This review covers three decades of research on mesoscale phenomena in chemical engineering, from the energy minimization multiscale (EMMS) model specific for gas–solid fluidization to a general principle of compromi...
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This review covers three decades of research on mesoscale phenomena in chemical engineering, from the energy minimization multiscale (EMMS) model specific for gas–solid fluidization to a general principle of compromise in competition between dominant mechanisms, leading to the proposed concept of mesoscience. First, the concept of mesoscales is reviewed with respect to their commonality, diversity, and misunderstanding in different fields. Then, the evolution from the EMMS model to the EMMS principle common to all mesoscales is described to show the rationale of mesoscience referring to both mesoscales and mesoregimes. Finally, the potential universality of mesoscience and its importance, particularly to enable virtual processengineering (VPE) by realizing the consistency of logic and structure between the problem, the model, the software, and the computer, are discussed. The review concludes by illustrating possible case studies to collect more evidence and a potential framework for mesoscience.
This book provides a brief research source for optical fiber sensors for energy production and storage systems, discussing fundamental aspects as well as cutting-edge trends in sensing. This volume provides industry p...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783030436766
ISBN:
(纸本)9783030436759;9783030436780
This book provides a brief research source for optical fiber sensors for energy production and storage systems, discussing fundamental aspects as well as cutting-edge trends in sensing. This volume provides industry professionals, researchers and students with the most updated review on technologies and current trends, thus helping them identify technology gaps, develop new materials and novel designs that lead to commercially viable energy storage systems.
Interferometry is a highly versatile tool for probing physical and chemical phenomena. In addition to the benefit of noncontact investigations, even spatially resolved information can be obtained by choosing a suitabl...
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Interferometry is a highly versatile tool for probing physical and chemical phenomena. In addition to the benefit of noncontact investigations, even spatially resolved information can be obtained by choosing a suitable setup. This review presents the evolution of the various setups that have evolved since the first interferometers were developed in the mid-nineteenth century and highlights the benefits, limitations, and typical areas of application. This review focuses on interferometry based on electromagnetic waves in the near-infrared and visible range applied to liquid samples, categorizes the chemical/physical properties (e.g., pressure, temperature, composition) and phenomena (e.g., evaporation, crystal growth, diffusion, thermophoresis) that can be assessed, and presents a comprehensive literature review of specific existing applications. Finally, it discusses some fundamental open questions with respect to geometric considerations and overlapping effects.
The bottom-up approach in synthetic biology aims to create molecular ensembles that reproduce the organization and functions of living organisms and strives to integrate them in a modular and hierarchical fashion towa...
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The bottom-up approach in synthetic biology aims to create molecular ensembles that reproduce the organization and functions of living organisms and strives to integrate them in a modular and hierarchical fashion toward the basic unit of life—the cell—and beyond. This young field stands on the shoulders of fundamental research in molecular biology and biochemistry, next to synthetic chemistry, and, augmented by an engineering framework, has seen tremendous progress in recent years thanks to multiple technological and scientific advancements. In this timely review of the research over the past decade, we focus on three essential features of living cells: the ability to self-reproduce via recursive cycles of growth and division, the harnessing of energy to drive cellular processes, and the assembly of metabolic pathways. In addition, we cover the increasing efforts to establish multicellular systems via different communication strategies and critically evaluate the potential applications.
This review discusses the complex behaviors in diverse chemical and biochemical systems to elucidate their commonalities and thus help develop a mesoscience methodology to address the complexities in even broader topi...
This review discusses the complex behaviors in diverse chemical and biochemical systems to elucidate their commonalities and thus help develop a mesoscience methodology to address the complexities in even broader topics. This could possibly build a new scientific paradigm for different disciplines and could meanwhile provide effective tools to tackle the big challenges in various fields, thus paving a path toward combining the paradigm shift in science with the breakthrough in technique developments. Starting with our relatively fruitful understanding of chemical systems, the discussion focuses on the relatively pristine but very intriguing biochemical systems. It is recognized that diverse complexities are multilevel in nature, with each level being multiscale and the complexity emerging always at mesoscales in mesoregimes. Relevant advances in theoretical understandings and mathematical tools are summarized as well based on case studies, and the convergence between physics and mathematics is highlighted.
Developing transformative pathways for industry's compliance with international climate targets requires model-based insights into how supply- and demand-side measures affect industry, material cycles, global...
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Developing transformative pathways for industry's compliance with international climate targets requires model-based insights into how supply- and demand-side measures affect industry, material cycles, global supply chains, socioeconomic activities, and service provisioning that support societal well-being. We review the recent literature modeling the industrial system in low energy and material demand futures, which mitigates environmental impacts without relying on risky future negative emissions and technological fixes. We identify 77 innovative studies drawing on nine distinct industry modeling traditions. We critically assess system definitions and scopes, biophysical and thermodynamic consistency, granularity and heterogeneity, and operationalization of demand and service provisioning. We find that combined supply- and demand-side measures could reduce current economy-wide material use by 56%, energy use by 40% to 60%, and greenhouse gas emissions by 70% to net zero. We call for strengthened interdisciplinary collaborations between industry modeling traditions and demand-side research to produce more insightful scenarios, and we discuss challenges and recommendations for this emerging field.
The paper describes a computer-based system for the on-line control of the material flow in a large automated warehouse at ASEA, Västerås, Sweden. This warehouse contains a storage for up to 10, 000 pallets,...
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The paper describes a computer-based system for the on-line control of the material flow in a large automated warehouse at ASEA, Västerås, Sweden. This warehouse contains a storage for up to 10, 000 pallets, served by 5 automatic stacker cranes as well as an automatic bar storage for 1700 cases. An ASEA System 1700 process computer performs a number of functions of which the more important are: - Dispatch of stackers and maneuvering of conveyors according to demands for storing and retrieving material, including planning for maximum of efficiency. - Allocation of storage space to different items according to decision rules based on frequency of demand and physical restrictions, aiming at optimum utilization of available space. - Issuing of picking lists to personnel at the picking stations. - Communication with the main computer centre, where the company's centralized material planning is accomplished in an IBH 360 computer. - Calculation of the optimum cutting procedure for bar material and presentation of the results to the personnel on a CRT display.
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