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Optical Supertorque Induced by Mie-Resonant Modes

ACS Photonics 2025年

作者： Toftul, Ivan Petrov, Mihail Quidant, Romain Kivshar, Yuri Research School of Physics Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia School of Physics and Engineering ITMO University St. Petersburg191002 Russia Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zürich Zürich8092 Switzerland

We introduce the concept of resonant optical torque that allows for substantially enhanced transfer of optical angular momentum (AM) of light to a subwavelength particle. We consider high-index cylindrical dielectric nanoparticles supporting Mie resonances and explore the transfer of AM and how it is affected by absorption and particle shape. We analyze a simple trapping geometry of standing wave patterns created by opposite helical light waves. We uncover stable rotation of particles in both nodes and antinodes and also study how specific particle properties influence the resonant optical torque. We demonstrate that adjusting particle asymmetry and losses can maximize the spinning torque, and we predict "super-torque" originating from the scattering channel mixing. Our study offers a deeper understanding of the physics of resonant optical torque and its importance in manipulating AM transfer in optical systems, with promising implications for various fields and inspiring further research in resonant light-matter interactions. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Angular momentum

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Probabilistic design space exploration and optimization via bayesian approach for a fluid bed drying process

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European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2025年 210.0卷 107116页

作者： Meng, Qingbo Bogle, David Charitopoulos, Vassilis M. Department of Chemical Engineering Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering UCL (University College London) Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE United Kingdom

The concept of Design Space (DS), delineated as a region of investigated variables aimed at maintaining product quality, was introduced in the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) Q8 as a framework to direct pharmaceutical development. However, the complexity of processes and the presence of uncertainties in pharmaceutical manufacturing exacerbate the difficulties of exploring a reliable and robust DS. This study investigates the probabilistic design space to explain the process operability and performance reliability using a Bayesian approach for a fluid bed drying process. We initially develop a Bayesian model by integrating a surrogate-based predictive model with embedded uncertainty quantification of material variability. Subsequently, employing a grid search-based technique to discretize the operational variable domain facilitates the exploration of the probabilistic DS to meet the specified product quality requirements. Meanwhile, optimization is employed to obtain the maximum DS region and enhance its operability. Results demonstrate that the Bayesian approach is an effective method to identify a probability DS to guarantee product quality at the desired reliability level considering material and process uncertainty. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Artificial Neural Networks Bayesian approach Continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing Fluid Bed Dryer Probabilistic design space

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Distributed Online Convex Optimization with Time-Varying Constraints: Tighter Cumulative Constraint Violation Bounds under Slater's Condition

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic control 2025年

作者： Yi, Xinlei Li, Xiuxian Yang, Tao Xie, Lihua Hong, Yiguang Chai, Tianyou Johansson, Karl H. National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology China Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems China Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lab for Information & Decision Systems CambridgeMA02139 United States Northeastern University State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Shenyang110819 China Nanyang Technological University School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore Kth Royal Institute of Technology Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Sweden Digital Futures Stockholm10044 Sweden

This paper considers distributed online convex optimization with time-varying constraints. In this setting, a network of agents makes decisions at each round, and then only a portion of the loss function and a coordinate block of the constraint function are privately revealed to each agent. The loss and constraint functions are convex and can vary arbitrarily across rounds. The agents collaborate to minimize static network regret and network cumulative constraint violation. A novel distributed online algorithm with a vanishing stepsize is proposed and it achieves an O(Tmax {c,1-c}) static network regret bound and an O(T1-c/2) network cumulative constraint violation bound, where T is the number of rounds and c∈ (0,1) is a user-defined trade-off parameter. When Slater's condition holds (i.e, there is a point that strictly satisfies the inequality constraints), the network cumulative constraint violation bound is reduced to O(T1-c). Moreover, if the loss functions are strongly convex, then static network regret bound is reduced to O(log (T)), and the network cumulative constraint violation bound is reduced to O(√log (T)T) and O(log (T)) without and with Slater's condition, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to achieve tighter (network) cumulative constraint violation bounds for (distributed) online convex optimization with time-varying constraints under Slater's condition. Finally, the theoretical results are verified through numerical simulations. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Convex optimization

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Cooperative Optimal Output Tracking for Discrete-Time Multiagent systems: Stabilizing Policy Iteration Frameworks and Analysis

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Dongdong Dong, Jiuxiang College of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation of Process Industries Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China Key Laboratory of Vibration and Control of Aero-Propulsion Systems Ministry of Education Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China

In this paper, two model-free optimal output tracking frameworks based on policy iteration for discrete-time multiagent systems are proposed. First, we establish a framework of stabilizing policy iteration that can start from any initial feedback control policy, relaxing the dependence of traditional policy iteration on the initial stabilizing control policy. Then, another efficient and equivalent Q-learning policy iteration framework is developed, which is shown to require only less system data to get the same results as the stabilizing policy iteration. Both frameworks obtain stabilizing control policy by iterating the stabilizing virtual closed-loop system step-by-step to the actual closed-loop system. Multiple explicit schemes for the iteration step-size/coefficient are designed and their stability during the above iterations is analyzed. By using the generated closed-loop stabilizing control policy and two frameworks, the optimal feedback control gain is obtained. The approximate solution of the regulator equations is found by model-free iteration, which leads to the optimal feedforward gain. Finally, the cooperative optimal output tracking is realized by a distributed feedforward-feedback controller. The proposed algorithms are validated by simulation. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Feedback control

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Experimental study and molecular dynamics simulation:Thermal behaviors, volatile products and chlorine migration characteristics during pyrolysis and combustion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid waste salt

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Journal of Environmental Management 2025年 382卷 125277页

作者： Song, Yueyan Gu, Xiangyu He, Di Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Chinese Academy of Science Institute of Process Engineering State Key Lab Multiphase Complex Systems Beijing100190 China

An organochlorine pesticide, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (24D), produces pesticide by-product waste salts that pose a potential risk of secondary contamination, creating significant challenges in disposal management. While thermal treatment has emerged as a viable method for managing 24D waste salt, reducing the thermal temperature and controlling the release of chlorine-containing organic compounds from volatile products remains a significant obstacle. In this work, the effects of pyrolysis and combustion on the 24D thermal treatment were explored by TGA-FTIR-GCMS coupling techniques and molecular dynamics calculations (ReaxFF). Combustion achieved a total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate of 93.17 % at 873K, which was higher than that achieved by pyrolysis. In terms of volatile products, the release of small molecule gases such as CO2, CO, CH4, and HCl is significantly enhanced during combustion, the HCl emission in the combustion process is 2.7 times that in the pyrolysis process. However, as the temperature of the combustion process increased, 24D synthesis reaction to form substances such as heterocyclic-Cl, the amount of which increased to 7.01 % at 873K. ReaxFF-MD simulations investigated the thermal treatment of 24D, revealing a complex pyrolysis and combustion mechanism, including multiple reaction pathways for dechlorination, dehydrogenation, dehydroxylation, and generation of chlorinated products HCl and CH3Cl. The combustion process can increase the free radicals and provide more degradation pathways in the reaction system, which promotes the migratory conversion of organic-Cl to inorganic-Cl in 24D. Therefore, combustion treatment with low decomposition temperature and easy degradation of chlorine-containing intermediate products is a feasible method to purify 24D WS. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Dechlorination

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Optimization of processing Parameters for Improved Complex Shape Accuracy in PFA Injection Overmolding

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Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2025年

作者： Li, Xuemei Liu, Fan Shi, Hao Gao, Ruoxiang Hu, Zhezai Zhang, Chengqian Dai, Huangzhe Zhao, Peng The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems College of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Engineering Research Center of DLIS Ministry of Education China The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province College of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

Metal injection overmolding, which combines the advantageous properties of metals and polymers into a single component, is gaining attention in industrial manufacturing. Due to its unique structures and complex manufacturing processes, few studies have explored how process parameters influence shape accuracy. This study investigates the effect of four process factors on the complex shape of an injection overmolded impeller made of perfluoroalkoxy. The Taguchi method uses an L9 orthogonal array to optimize these factors. The impeller shapes are measured using an infrared thermal camera, and shape deviations are calculated with the Matchshapes algorithm by comparing them to a standard contour image. The results demonstrate that mold temperature has the greatest impact on shape accuracy, followed by holding time. The largest deviations occur at the blade corners, where plastic thickness varies. process optimization through a verification test reduces the dissimilarity value to 0.02573, representing a 44.95% improvement over the initial smallest value of 0.04674. These findings suggest that optimizing process parameters can effectively enhance the shape quality of injection overmolding parts, potentially improving their physical performance. Furthermore, this measurement method is both contactless and compatible, making it suitable for rapid detection of large quantities in manufacturing. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： Molding

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Ti3C2Tx MXene decorated with CoMnO3 / CoMn2O4 nanoparticles as electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 137卷 202-213页

作者： Kalaiselvi, C. Kannan, Karthik Pandian, Muthu Senthil Devi, Nitika Arpornwichanop, Amornchai Chandar, N. Krishna Chen, Yong-Song Department of Physics School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore632014 India Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chung Cheng University and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations National Chung Cheng University Chiayi County621301 Taiwan SSN Research Centre Department of Physics Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering Kalavakkam Tamil Nadu Chennai603110 India Electrochemical Power Sources Division CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Karaikudi630003 India Center of Excellence in Process and Energy Systems Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand

The progress of effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen-oxygen evolution reaction (HER-OER). Water electrolysis using an anion exchange membrane (AEM) is a promising low-cost method of producing "green" hydrogen. In the present study, CoMnO3/CoMn2O4–Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites were developed with various loadings of Ti3C2Tx using the electrostatic self-assembly method. XRD, SEM, and TEM with EDAX were utilized to analyze the physicochemical properties of the nanocomposites. The cubic spinel/rhombohedral structure of CoMnO3/CoMn2O4 was established by the XRD. The SEM and TEM morphology reveals that the Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets have been decorated with spherical CoMnO3/CoMn2O4 nanoparticles. The interlayer spacing of Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets (56 nm) and the average diameter of CoMnO3/CoMn2O4 nanoparticles (46 nm) were measured via TEM examination. The CoMn2O4 − Ti3C2Tx MXene (20 wt%) enabled a high-performance AEM electrolyzer, attaining an extraordinary current density of 520 mA cm−2 at 1.8 V. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： Electrolysis

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Towards Digital Twins for Power-to-X processes: Comparing Surrogate Models for a Catalytic CO2 Methanation Reactor

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IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and engineering 2025年

作者： Peterson, Luisa Forootani, Ali Medina, Edgar Ivan Sanchez Gosea, Ion Victor Sundmacher, Kai Benner, Peter Group Magdeburg Germany Group Magdeburg Germany Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Chair for Process Systems Engineering Magdeburg Germany Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany

Power-to-X processes convert excess renewable energy into storable fuels such as methane, addressing critical energy storage and transportation challenges. However, implementing these processes presents operational difficulties, particularly in managing fluctuating energy inputs. Digital Twins, or virtual replicas of physical systems, offer a promising solution by enabling model-based strategies for optimization and control. However, traditional mechanistic models are computationally intensive, limiting their application in real-time scenarios. This highlights the need for surrogate models that are computationally efficient and capable of accurately capturing the essential dynamics of complex systems. In this study, we evaluate and compare advanced techniques for modeling spatio-temporal processes, including a graph attention network (GAT), operator inference (OpInf) with stability guarantees, and sparse identification with greedy sampling (GN-SINDy). These methods are evaluated for their ability to model the dynamic operation and control of a catalytic CO2 methanation reactor. By evaluating their accuracy and computational efficiency, we aim to identify surrogate models tailored to spatio-temporal systems, advance the development of Digital Twins, and improve renewable energy conversion. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Gas fuel storage

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Modulated Structure Formation in Dislocation Cells in 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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Nippon Kinzoku Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 2025年第5期89卷 175-181页

作者： Sun, Fei Ogawa, Toshio Adachi, Yoshitaka Sato, Kazuhisa Takagi, Shunya Miyamoto, Goro Suzuki, Asuka Yamanaka, Akinori Nakada, Nobuo Ishimoto, Takuya Nakano, Takayoshi Koizumi, Yuichiro Department of Material Design Innovation Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya464-8603 Japan Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy Osaka University Ibaraki Osaka567-0047 Japan Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan Tsukuba305-0047 Japan Department of Materials Process Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya464-8603 Japan Division of Advanced Mechanical Systems Engineering Institute of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei184-8588 Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama226-8502 Japan Aluminium Research Center University of Toyama Toyama930-8555 Japan Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita565-0871 Japan Anisotropic Design & Additive Manufacturing Research Center Osaka University Suita565-0871 Japan

Metal additive manufacturing enables producing complex geometric structures with high accuracy and breaks the design constraints of traditional manufacturing methods. Laser powder bed fusion, a typical additive manufacturing process, presents a challenge in experimentally understanding the nano-scaled microstructure-process relationship regarding the wide range of process parameters. In this study, we aim to reveal the novel nanoscale structural features by advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy to clarify the formation mechanisms in 316L stainless steel by laser powder bed fusion. Here we show that the slender columnar grains were confined to the centreline of the melt pool along the build direction, and the columnar cell structure at the side branching of the melt pool grew along orthogonal directions to follow drastic changes in thermal gradient across adjacent melt pools. Novel nano-scaled modulated structures have been observed in the dislocation cells parallel to the laser scan direction, which were mainly caused by the elastic strain involving the thermal gradient inside the melt pool and across adjacent melt pools as well as the effective strain field in the dislocation cell interiors. An in-depth understanding of microstructure developments is worthy of fabricating high-performance materials by controlling the additive manufacturing process. ©2025 The Japan Institute of Metals and Materials.

关键词： Refining

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Edible aquatic robots with Marangoni propulsion

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Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-9页

作者： Zhang, Shuhang Kwak, Bokeon Zhu, Ruihao Pankhurst, Markéta Zhang, Lu Boom, Remko M. Floreano, Dario Laboratory of Intelligent Systems School of Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne STI-IGM-LIS Lausanne Switzerland Laboratory of Food Process Engineering Wageningen University and Research Wageningen Netherlands

Centimeter-scale aquatic robots could be used in environmental monitoring, exploration, and intervention in aquatic environments. However, existing robots rely on artificial polymers and commercial electronic components, which can pollute and disrupt sensitive ecological environments if they are not retrieved. To address these challenges, we describe a fully biodegradable and fully edible self-propelled device that leverages the Marangoni effect for autonomous propulsion. The body of the edible aquatic robot is made of freeze-dried fish food and is powered by a water-triggered pneumatic reaction that produces motion by sustained release of a surfactant that is safe for aquatic fauna. The device’s biodegradable and non-toxic composition allows for safe environmental deployment for environmental sensing, delivery of nutrition or medication in aquatic environments. The proposed method substantially expands the potential benefits of small-scale aquatic robots that could be deployed on a large scale without the need to retrieve them and even provide nutrition to wildlife at the end of their lifetime as animals do. © The Author(s) 2025.

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