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23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering

作者： Masanobu, Sotaro Nakamura, Arata Yoshikawa, Toshio Uetani, Hideo Kato, Shunji Sakamoto, Takashi Sakamoto, Atsushi Kawazuishi, Kenichi Sao, Kunihisa Ocean Space Utilization Group National Maritime Research Institute 6-38-1 Shinkawa Mitaka Tokyo 181-0004 Japan Technical Department Japan National Oil Corporation 2-2-2 Uchisaiwaicho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-8511 Japan Marine Engineering Dept. Nippon Steel Corporation 6-3 Otemachi 2-Chome Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-8071 Japan Basic Design Department Mitsui Eng. and Shipbldg. Co. Ltd 1 Yawatakaigan-Dori Ichihara Chiba 290-8601 Japan Development Department Inpex Corporation Ebisu Neonato 4-1-18 Ebisu Shibuya-ku Tokyo 150-0013 Japan Process Engineering Dept 2-12-1 Tsurumichuo Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-8601 Japan Ocean Engineering Research Inc. 503 Koshin Build. 1-28-3 Takadanobaba Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0075 Japan

Natural gas is abundant and is cleaner than petroleum. Therefore, demand for natural gas is expected to grow significantly. However, the means of transporting natural gas is presently limited to pipelines and LNG tankers, thereby making its wider use unlikely. There are substantial numbers of known gas reservoirs that are difficult to develop utilizing current transportation means because of constraints such as the scale of gas fields, water depth, distance to shore, and distance from markets. A new, economical, reliable development technique or transportation means is required for developing such gas reservoirs. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japan National Oil Corporation (JNOC) and private corporations have jointly investigated the Natural Gas Liquefaction Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (NGL-FPSOs) units to effectively develop gas reservoirs by converting the gas into NGL. This paper presents the background on NGL-FPSO development and findings on its application.

关键词： Natural gas transportation

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Recapitalizing the Navy through optimized manning and improved reliability

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1998年第6期110卷 61-72页

作者： Anderson, DE Malone, TB Baker, CC Mr. David E. Anderson:is a Navel Engineer with the Naval Sea Systems Command where he is currently assigmd to the HumanSystems Integration branch. Mr Anderson has a Bachelor of Science degree an Environmental Engineering from Flurida Technological University and a Master's in Environmental Engiwering from the University of Central Flurida. He currentEy is an HSI manager for a number oflvay R&D and skig acquisition efforts. Dr. Thomas B. Malone:received a Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is President of Carlow International Incorporated an organization dedicated to human factors research and development with emphasis an mantime systems. He has directed over 350 programs and projects in his 33 year career and is responsible for overall management of all contract programs within the Corporation. He is a Past President of the Human Factors and E r g m i c s Society (HFES) of which he is a Fellow. He is also a Fellow of the Washington Academy of Sciences He was selected as a member of the N A S Space Sciences Technical Advisuiy Committee on Technoloo Requirements for Human Performance on Long Duration Space Missions in 2989 and 90. He was elected as the First Chair of the Systems Development Technical Group of the HFES. Dr Malone is currently managing eflorts to devehp and auto- mate standardized processes for canducting human systems integration (HSI) in the military weapon systems acquisition process and fov developing automated tools to facilitate fledormance of specific steps in the HSI process. Dr Malone also is currently occupied in applying human engineering to the DD 21 and is serving as the Chair ofthe System ManninglHuman Perfomzance Working IPT under the DD 21 ManninglHSI IPT chaired ty PMS 500M. Mr. Clifford Baker:has over 20 years experience in developing and applying human factors technology to complex systems. He holds a masters degree in psychology with a specialization in human factors engineering and he is a Board Certified Human Factors Engineering Profesional

Reduced manning is the process (and the result) of removing human functions from a system while retaining or improving system operability and effectiveness. Reliability and maintainability characterize a system's operability and effectiveness. Reduced manning impacts system reliability by changing the characteristics of (1) human error associated with system operation and maintenance, (2) time to repair failed components, and (3) mean-time-between-failures (MBTF) in a reduced manning environment. Simply reducing manning without compensating for system dependence on human involvement generally has a negative impact on system maintainability. Methods to address this include (1) human-system integration design of maintenance interfaces and (2) design of operations activities that are closely related to device failures. After demonstrating reliable performance through testing and operation, ship commanders can be assured that fewer people can effectively operate and maintain Navy ships and systems.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Building ships as a system: An approach to total ship integration

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 47-60页

作者： Duren, BG Pollard, JR Bernard G. Duren:is an operations research analyst in the Combat Systems Department of the. Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. Mr. Duren received an A.B. degree in mathematics from Indiana University and an M.S. degree in operations research from the Georgia Institute of Technology. His major duties involve development of system concepts and system engineering methodology. His primary areas of achievement include startup of a strategic planning process at the Dahlgren Division analysis of seaskimmer defense issues and formulation of concepts for counter-command warfare. His areas of interest include information integration group problem solving methods warfare analysis and strategic planning. Mr. Duren is currently conducting studies in design of future shipboard combat systems. James R. Pollard:serves as principal systems engineer in the Combat Systems Department of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. Dr. Pollard received a B.S. degree in physics from Roanoke College an M.S. degree in electrical engineering from The George Washington University and a Ph.D. in systems engineering from the University of Virginia. After joining the Dahlgren Division in 1962 he performed research in antennas and electromagnetic coupling. He subsequently managed the Special Effects Weapon Research Program which focused on high power electromagnetic devices. After serving as head of the Weapon Systems Division and the Search and Track Division he formed the Strategic Planning Group. In 1985 he received the Bernard Smith Award for creative development and implementation of a strategic planning process for the Division. From 1985 to 1987 he served as warfare systems architect in the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command. Dr. Pollard is currently conducting studies in design of future shipboard combat systems.

This paper considers an effort to reinvent the process by which the Navy transforms operational requirements into warships. The objective is to articulate a framework and strategy for implementing a total ship system engineering approach. Three factors drive the effort: involve the warfighters in the design process;adopt a ''system of systems'' framework for integration;and continually improve the acquisition process. The strategy is illustrated by consideration of control structure on a total ship basis. The work has been conducted as a collaborative effort involving three Navy warfare centers and various headquarters activities in Washington, D.C.

关键词： Shipbuilding

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designing the front end: how attitudes towards new products are related to company performance

World Class Design to Manufacture

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World Class design to Manufacture 1995年第1期2卷

作者： Myfanwy Trueman David Jobber Lectures on Designing Organizations at the University of Leeds School of Business and Economic Studies and Bradford University Management Centre. She is part of the Redmill Management Services group of consultants and has recently completed research into new product development in the health‐care industry. Her research interests include corporate attitudes and decision making at the front end of the innovation process company performance measures and the role of design in new product development. Can be contacted at Bradford University Management Centre Emm Lane Bradford BD9 4JL. Tel: 01274 733466. Reader in Marketing at Bradford University Management Centre. His research interests include provision of information for marketing decision making marketing strategy and sales management. He has published extensively in these areas. He has considerable experience of management training including work with Allied Lyons Rolls Royce Rhône Poulenc Bass and the BBC. Can be contacted at Bradford University Management Centre Emm Lane Bradford BD9 4JL. Tel: 01274 733466.

A survey of 108 UK industrial companies compares attitudes towardsnew products with company performance. The research, carried out atBradford University Management Centre, uses a range of performancemeasures to examine the product development process and factors thatinfluence the success and failure of projects. The findings indicatewhere a change of attitude can reduce “time to market”,increase the number of products launched and improve sales *** profiles of two companies, Edward Macbean and On DemandInformation, together with a new map of the product developmentenvironment.

关键词： Attitude surveys Organizational performance New product development Product launch

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NAVAL AVIATION PACKAGING IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1993年第3期105卷 146-151页

作者： GLEANER, I ARTER, R Irving Gleaner:is a mechanical engineer with nearly 25 years experience. He is currently employed in the Packaging Programs Management Branch of the U.S. Naval Aviation Supply Office in Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Since 1988 Mr. Gleaner has been actively involved in the design and development of reusable containers for naval avionic hardware ranging from circuit cards to complete aircraft engines. His work includes the performance of technical investigations material studies manufacturing process evaluations stress analysis calculations and analysis of dynamic shock loadings. Prior to working in the Packaging Branch Mr. Gleaner performed refurbishment feasibility studies of critical aircraft hardware in the Product Engineering Group. Mr. Gleaner's previous background was in the electrical power generation industry. where he designed pressure vessels and storage tanks in support of nuclear power generating stations. Richard Arter:is a packaging specialist with nine years experience. He is employed at the U.S. Naval Aviation Supply Office Packaging Programs Management Branch where he is the current leader of the Container Design Team. Since 1983 Mr. Arter has been active in the development of packaging handling storage and transportation (PHS&T) requirements for naval aviation hardware and support equipment. His work includes logistics planning program management of container development projects preparation of performance specifications and development and improvement of packaging and preservation capabilities at various naval activities.

The Packaging Improvement Initiative is a Navy wide effort to optimize operational readiness, limit degradation, minimize logistic costs, and reduce repair costs and turn-around-times of Naval Aviation Depot Level Repairables (AVDLRs) by improving packaging, handling, storage, and transportation techniques throughout the complete logistics cycle. Using Total Quality Leadership tools with continuous customer feedback. the Naval Aviation Supply Office has developed several goal-oriented strategies, encompassing short-, mid-, and long-term improvements. Rather than merelv refining the present system, the strategies listed below reflect evaluation and restructuring of packaging processes at sites with varying capabilities and missions. Principal strategies include: 1. Packaging repairables in accordance with existing requirements, after repair at a depot, 2. Having sufficient quantities of reusable containers in place at required locations, 3. Ensuring use of containers for retrograde shipments, 4. Developing improved processes to enable afloat customers to properly protect repairables, 5. Reviewing item repair cost, turn-around-time, and reliability impacts, 6. Performing engineering analyses of shipboard material flow, 7. development of multi-item reusable containers, and 8. The merging of resultant initiative savings with Defense Management Review Decisions (DMRDs) to reduce repair, warehousing, handling, and transportation costs.

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THE SOLBERG AWARD FOR 1991

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Naval Engineers Journal 1992年第4期104卷

作者： Dr. YUN-FAN HWANG Dr. Yun-Fan Hwang has been a recognized leader in the development of an understanding of hydroacoustic noise generation mechanisms and noise due to the interaction of an external water flow with the ship's hull. His efforts have led to innovative methods aimed at reducing the noise radiated by a ship and the noise generated by a ship that would interfere with its own sonar performance. The technologies developed by Dr. Hwang's group include quiet sonar dome designs techniques to reduce flow noise affecting sonar arrays innovative composite structure designs to minimize acoustic radiation and fiber optic hydrophones that do not respond to flow induced noise. Dr. Hwang has led the Navy's efforts in developing computer codes for predicting the flow noise affecting sonars and radiated and platform noises due to the excitation of hull components by the external turbulent boundary layer. Computer codes developed by Dr. Hwang allowed evaluation of multiple candidate sonar dome designs and mounting schemes without the costly and time consuming process of fabrication and experimental evaluation of each candidate design. As a result of his work the Navy is assured of having an acoustically superior sonar dome design that will meet the operational goals ofSeawolf. Dr. Hwang has recently assembled a team of interdisciplinary experts to develop a light weight composite of multi-layered sandwich materials that will have optimum acoustic parameters. By emphasizing the wave propagation aspects of the sandwich material the team has taken a new approach for developing composites for structural acoustics. The result of this work will provide an improved sonar dome design that can further enhance the operational capability of existing and future submarines. Dr. Hwang's efforts have resulted in the advancement of fundamental understanding in the areas of structural acoustics flow and structure interactions and hydroacoustics. His work has led to the development of new design tools material and design considerations that are

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A 64 Mbit DRAM trench capacitor cell with field-plate isolation

A 64 Mbit DRAM trench capacitor cell with field-plate isolat...

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1991 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems, and Applications, VTSA 1991

作者： Teng, C.W. Okumoto, Y. Liu, J. Chen, Ih-Chin Yuhara, K. Yoneoka, Y. Semicond. Process and Design Center Texas Instrum. DallasTX United States ULSI Development MOS Memory Division Semiconductor Group Texas Instruments Japan Ltd. Miho Japan

ISBN: (纸本)078030036X

A 2 μ m2 field-plate isolated trench capacitor cell for 64 Mbit DRAM has been fabricated and demonstrated. Using 5.5 nm nitride/oxide dielectrics on 6 μ m deep trench with 0.6 μ m opening, the cell capacitance reaches 45-50 fF/cell. The bitline and word-line capacitances, 0.9 fF/cell and 2.0 fF/cell, respectively, are also favorably low for achieving low power consumption, high access speed, and large sensing signal. Both 0.3 μ m field-plate isolation and pass-gate transistor have been realized with minimum narrow-width effect. The trench-to-trench leakage is negligible at operating voltage with 0.5 μ m inter-trench space. Fully functional 16 Mbit and 4 K mini-array of 64 Mbit DRAM have been successfully fabricated with data retention time longer than 1 sec at 90 °C. These data support that this trench capacitor cell is a viable candidate for the 64 Mbit DRAM. © 1991 IEEE.

关键词： Capacitance

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A 64 Mbit DRAM trench capacitor cell with field-plate isolation

A 64 Mbit DRAM trench capacitor cell with field-plate isolat...

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International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Applications

作者： C.W. Teng Y. Okumoto J. Liu Ih-Chin Chen K. Yuhara Y. Yoneoka Semiconductor Process and Design Center Texas Instruments Inc. Dallas TX USA ULSI Development MOS Memory Division Semiconductor Group Texas Instruments Japan Limited Japan

A 2 mu m/sup 2/ field-plate isolated trench capacitor cell for 64 Mbit DRAM has been fabricated and demonstrated. Using 5.5 nm nitride/oxide dielectrics on 6 mu m deep trench with 0.6 mu m opening, the cell capacitance reaches 45-50 fF/cell. The bitline and word-line capacitances, 0.9 fF/cell and 2.0 fF/cell, respectively, are also favorably low for achieving low power consumption, high access speed, and large sensing signal. Both 0.3 mu m field-plate isolation and pass-gate transistor have been realized with minimum narrow-width effect. The trench-to-trench leakage is negligible at operating voltage with 0.5 mu m inter-trench space. Fully functional 16 Mbit and 4 K mini-array of 64 Mbit DRAM have been successfully fabricated with data retention time longer than 1 sec at 90 degrees C. These data support that this trench capacitor cell is a viable candidate for the 64 Mbit DRAM.< >

关键词： Random access memory MOS capacitors Capacitance Implants Instruments Dielectrics Surface topography Fabrication Etching process design

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THE NO FRAME CONCEPT - ITS IMPACT ON SHIPYARD COST

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 218-232页

作者： NAPPI, NS WALZ, RW WIERNICKI, CJ Natale S. Nappi:graduated from City College of New York in 1954 with a B.S. degree in civil engineering and received his M.S. in civil engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1959. He began his professional career in 1954 at the New York Naval Shipyard as a naval architect (structures) performing detail structural design and fabrication studies for CVAs LPDs DDs and CGs and eventually became a supervisory naval architect (structures). From 1965 to 1973 he was a member of the staff of the Computer-Aided Design Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC). As such he was involved in the development of the computer structural design tool the SSDP (in association with Frank M. Lev) and automated detail design programs (CASDOS). His current position is Senior Naval Architect Consultant in the structural integrity group of the Ship Structures Division Structures Department DTNSRDC. Mr. Nappi is the author and co-author of numerous technical papers and reports covering a wide spectrum of topics such as automated structural design process design for producibility and survivability material weight and cost trade-off studies and structural weight determination for high performance ships (i.e. SES SWATH HYSWAS). He has lectured on the subjects of design for survivability and ship structures at the Naval Post Graduate School and MIT. He is a member of ASNE ASCE U.S. Naval Institute Sigma Xi and is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of New York. Mr. Nappi was a member of the NAVSEA working commitee for the computer supported design planning effort and is currently a member of the DTNSRDC ASSET Advisory Committee. Ronald W. Walz:graduated in 1974 from Pennsylvania State University with a B.S. degree in civil engineering. He began his professional career in 1974 at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center as a structural engineer in the structural design concepts group of the Ship Structures Division Structures Department.

A proposed cost effective alternative to current U.S. Navy structurally configured hulls is presented in this paper. This proposed design for producibility concept involves the elimination of structural stanchions and transverse web frames. The potential impact of this “no frame” concept on structural design, weight and construction and material costs for naval surface frigates and destroyers is reflected in 1) reduced costs for the installation of distributive systems and 2) a reduced number and complexity of structural details providing a more reliable and less costly structure. This study was performed in three parts: 1) Determine the most feasible length between bulkheads without frames; 2) Using this length perform detail weight studies and construction and material costs analysis comparison on a 72-foot long hull module, with and without frames, for a FFG-7, and 3) Estimate the saving in man hours of labor on the installation of distributive systems and shipfitting for an FFG-7. For the feasible length studies on the “no frame” structural configuration, thirty-seven strength, weight and vertical center of gravity studies were performed on two ship classes; twenty-two on the FFG-7 class and fifteen on the DD-963 class. The detailed weight studies and construction and material cost analyses were conducted for FFG-7 “no frame” and “as built” modules. Results indicating the “no frame” concept module was 6.8% heavier and 14.8% less costly than the “as built” module. For the impact of an FFG-7 “no frame” structurally configured hull on the cost of labor required for the installation of distributive systems and for other functional work such as ship fitting, welding, and electrical, this study indicated a reduction of 169,206 labor hours per ship, representing 7.12% of the total required man hours to fabricate an FFG-7 class ship. With the employment of the “no frame” concept, certain areas of significant concern and potential risk were addressed. These include: 1) t

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Engineering information system for a demonstration plant facility. A newly developed system has, within the first year, led to operating savings well in excess of the cost of the complete system

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process Safety Progress 1983年第3期2卷 160-164页

作者： L. W. Bonnell E. C. Heydorn J. R. Couch Air Products and Chemicals Inc. Allentown Pa. 18105 Leo W. Bonnell is a Senior Process Engineer with Air Products and Chemicals Inc. (Box 538 Allentown PA 18105–215-481-5530). He received S.B. and S.M. degrees in chemical engineering from MIT. He has been active in process development and demonstration of new technologies related to synthetic fuels since joining the company's Process Systems Group in 1978. Edward C. Heydorn is a Process Engineer with Air Products and Chemicals Inc. Allentown PA. The holder of a B.S.Ch.E. degree from Drexel Univ. he works in the Process Systems Group in the areas of new technology development and design of data acquisition systems. James R. Couch is a Sr. Principal Engineering Analyst with Air Products and Chemicals in the MIS/ESS Computer Process Controls Group. After receiving a B.S. in Engineering Chemistry from Lehigh Univ. he worked as a Research Chemist and Computer Specialist for Standard Oil of Ohio before joining APCI in 1977.

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