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SOLVENT AND VISCOSITY EFFECTS IN THE DECOMPOSITION OF AZOBISISOBUTYRONITRILE

CHEMICAL engineering SCIENCE 1980年第4期35卷 823-830页

作者： KULKARNI, MG MASHELKAR, RA DORAISWAMY, LK Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division National Chemical Laboratory Poona 411 008 India

The kinetics of decomposition of azobisisobutyronitrile [AIBN] was studied in various solvents, in solutions of low density polyethylene [LDPE] in 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene and in blends of dimethyl formamide and glycerol in various proportions. The effect of the nature of the solvent as well as viscosity on the decomposition of AIBN was investigated. The results were analysed both in terms of the Arrhenius equation and transition state theory. The existence of an isokinetic temperature was unequivocally established. Viscosities of the solutions did not influence the rates of decomposition so long as the initiator was soluble in the medium

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EFFECT OF POLYMERIC ADDITIVES ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TALC-FILLED POLYPROPYLENE

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POLYMER engineering AND SCIENCE 1980年第3期20卷 198-201页

作者： GOEL, DC Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division National Chemical Laboratory Poona‐411008 India

AbstractThe effect of small amounts of low molecular weight polypropylene oxide on the rheological properties of talc‐filled polypropylene composites was studied experimentally using a capillary viscometer. The elastic behavior of the system was investigated by exit pressure and die swell methods. Initial studies showed that the talc filler does not influence the viscosity of the polypropylene but decreases the elasticity of the polymer system. Addition of oligomer concentration in a 40 wt percent talc‐filled polypropylene not only decreases the viscosity but also further decreases considerably the elasticity of the filled polymer composite. In both cases about 3 wt percent oligomer cone entration appears to be optimal, and further addition of oligomer does not significantly influence the rheological characteristics of the talc‐filled polypropylene comp

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Thermal Insulation for a Novel Flexible District Heating Pipe System

Thermal Insulation for a Novel Flexible District Heating Pip...

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1978 Symposium on Thermal Insulation Performance

作者： Eilhardt, B. Stoeckl, G. Ziemek, G. Kabelmetal Berlin and Director of Product and Process Development Kabelmetal Hannover Germany Director of Engineering Cable Consultants Corp LarchmontNY10538 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780803107946

The utilization of industrial waste heat and cogeneration heat requires efficient systems for the distribution of hot water or other heating media. In Europe the "Fernheizkabel" (FHK) has been applied for this purpose since 1967. It is basically a flexible preinsulated pipe which consists, from inside out, of a welded and corrugated copper or stainless steel tube containing the heat-carrying medium, a thermal insulation, a welded and corrugated outer steel tube, and finally an extruded corrosion protection. The FHK line comes with an inner tube diameter from 25 to 150 mm (I to 6 in.) and is shipped in lengths of 230 to 550 m (750 to 1800 ft) on cable reels. The efficiency of a district heating system depends mainly on the thermal losses of the distribution lines which are determined by the thickness of the insulation and its thermal conductivity. The thermal insulation between the inner and outer tube is the subject of this paper. For this application the insulation material is required (1) to keep the heat transfer between the inner and outer tube as low as possible, (2) to support the inner tube mechanically, (3) to absorb movements and pressures resulting from temperature changes and temperature differences, and (4) to permit bending of the pipe assembly. The insulation must provide a good mechanical bond between the inner and the outer tube. Two different materials were found to be suitable: polyurethane (PUR) and polyisocyanurante (PIR). For these materials in the foamed state, one additional condition arises: The foaming process must be compatible and coordinated with the application of the outer welded and corrugated steel envelope. The two foam materials were tested thoroughly. Performance at different temperatures makes possible extrapolation of expected service life. As a result of these investigations the PUR is used as standard insulation in the FHK line, for nominal operating temperatures of up to 130°C (266°F). The more expensive PIR insulation is reco

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WATER-ENERGY CONSERVATION IN NAVY SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 264-270页

作者： SCHATZBERG, P MCPHEE, AD KELLY, CM LARD, EW Mr. Pad Schatzberg received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Western Maryland College and his M.S. degree in Chemistry from Duke University. He is currently a Senior Research Chemist in the Environmental Protection Division David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. He has authored I7 technical papers and holds two patents in the areas of Physical Chemistry Lubrication and Wear and Environmental Protection. He is a member of the American Chemical Society and is listed in AmericanMen andWomen ofScience. Mr. Archie D. McPhee received his B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Alberta (Canada) and his M.E. degree in Chemical Engineering from New York University. He is currently a Chemical Engineer in the Environmental Protection Division David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. Previously he was a Research Chemical Engineer at the National Marine Fisheries Service and a Process Engineer for Conoco FMC B.F. Goodrich and Exxon Corporations. He is a member of the American Institute of Professional Engineers Canadian Council of Engineers Alberta Association of Professional Engineers and the Water Pollution Control Federation. Mr. Charles M. Kelly received his B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Maryland. He is currently a Chemical Engineer in the Environmental Protection Division David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center where his efforts have focused on solving engineering problems in pollution abatement and energy conservation. He holds two patents dealing with a reduced-flow. water-conserving bathing shower. Mr. Edwin W. Lard received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Arkansas State University and his M.S. degree in Organic Chemistry from Memphis State University. He is currently a Chemist in the Environmental Protection Division David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. Previously he was a Research Supervisor at the Washington Research Center of W.R. Grace and Company a Senior Chemist for th

Maintaining adequate underway production of fresh water for potable and boilerfeed consumption her been a chronic problem for many Navy ships for decades. Although “energy free” low pressure auxiliary exhaust steam is used in water production, a recent investigation ( Naval Engineers Journal , April 1976) concluded that a significant net energy cost is involved. This energy cost has become more significant due to 1) the rapid rise in fuel costs and 2) the reduction in available auxiliary exhaust steam as the Navy's Energy Conservation Program becomes implemented. Indeed, as the Navy's ships begin to increase their operating efficiency, the energy cost of fresh water will rice. Many ships exceed their water allocation of 30 gal/man-day by 10 to 20 gallons. A goal was set to demonstrate that potable water consumption can be reduced by 20 to 25 gal/mm-day without Impairing “Hotel” services by the use of water conserving approaches such as reduced-flow showers; a modified laundry procedure; installation of flow meters at key locations; and other techniques. This conservation was demonstrated successfully during extended underway periods in USS Saratoga (CV-60) and USS Jonas Ingram (DD-938). Fleet-wide implementation of these conservation approaches could save the Navy millions of dollars.

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THE EFFECT OF THERMAL FABRICATION PRACTICES ON ALUMINUM

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第5期92卷 37-43页

作者： HAY, RA HOLTYN, CH Mr. Robert A. Hayis currently a Welding Consultant and prior to his retirement in 1977 was the Director of Welding. Engineering & Technical Services Department. Reynolds Metals Company a position he had held since 1974. He received his formal education in Pennsylvania and New Jersey with additional studies in Welding Metallurgy at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). after which he spent seven years at the New York Naval Shipyard where he was a Welding Supervisor in charge of underwater welders (divers) and other specialized welding applications. Subsequent thereto he worked for the Linde Company Division Union Carbide Corporation in the R&D Laboratory on the development of the inert gas-welding processes TIG and MIG and as a Technical Sales Representative. In 1959. he joined the Engineering Services Department Reynolds Metals Company as a Welding Engineer where he specialized in cryogenic applications welder training programs and marine construction and was the Resident Welding Engineer in New Orleans. La. during the construction of the 306-foot all-aluminum Trailer shipSacal Borincano.In 1963 he accepted a position with Aero jet General Von Karman Center Azusa Calif. as a Process Engineer on the development of the aluminum and stainless steel propulsion systems for the APOLLO and ABLESTAR Space Vehicles. during which time he promoted the use of an electron beam welding system and a high strength aluminum alloy to produce the reliability required of the APOLLO Space Unit. Mr. Hay rejoined the Reynolds Metals Company as Chief Welding Engineer where he produced the first high speed technical movie “The Effect of Arc Variation on Aluminum Welds” and also developed the widely used technical comic book “MIG Welding Aluminum”with Pete and Harry which was later translated into the Parsi language for use in the Mideast. A Life Member of the American Welding Society a Past Chairman of the Welding and Joining Committee and a Past Member of SNAME. he has contributed numerous technical papers

Various thermal practices may be used during metal fabrication. Although certain operations are routine for steel, they are not for aluminum. The properties of aluminum are different from those of steel, and the effect of high temperature on each metal is different. Aluminum does not experience any color change while being heated to the melting point. Temperature control is essential in order to prevent damage, to minimize the loss of mechanical properties, and to safeguard against reduced corrosion resistance. Hot forming and flame straightening can be used effectively to fabricate aluminum provided adjustments are made to the shipyard's routine steel practices. Even with the best procedures the post thermal properties of thick, heavy, aluminum parts may be below the published minimums. Accordingly, parts that are exposed to high temperatures for extended periods of time should be designed with reduced properties in mind. Ship structures must meet prescribed fairness tolerances. Distorted aluminum assemblies can be brought within standards through the use of a flame/quench technique. The shipyard's procedures must be approved for Navy work and scrupulously followed by trained crews in order to obtain acceptable results.

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SEAKEEPING BY DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 157-178页

作者： COMSTOCK, EN KEANE, RG Mr. Edward N. Comstock is currently Head of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamics Section (SEA 32132) of the Hull Form Design Performance and Stability Branch Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his B.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering in 1970 and his M.S. degree in Ship Hydrodynamics in 1974 both from the University of Michigan. Mr. Comstock began his professional career with the U.S. Navy in 1974 as a Seakeeping Specialist in the Hull Form and Fluid Dynamics Branch of the former Naval Ship Engineering Center being involved in improving the design of naval ships through the integration of R&D technology advances into the ship design process. His efforts prior to 1980 were mainly aimed at developing and establishing Seakeeping Performance Assessment and Design Practices. Other responsibilities have included numerous ship performance investigations in still water and in the sea environment in support of ship design and specific Fleet problems. Prior to his employment by the Navy he worked in the Structural and Hydrodynamic Groups of General Dynamics' Electric Boat Division. There his activities spanned the areas of Submarine structural and Hydrodynamic Design and Construction. A member of ASNE since 1978. he is also a member of ASE and SNAME and has been active in supporting the efforts of the SNAME H-7 (Seakeeping) Panel the National Science Foundation (NSF). and the NATO Naval Armaments Group 6/Sub-Group 5 (Seakeeping). Mr. Robert G. Keane Jr. is presently Head of the Hull Form Design. Performance and Stability Branch (SEA 3213). Ship Design and Integration Directorate (SEA 03). Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He received his B.E.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from The Johns Hopkins University in 1962. his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Stevens Institute of Technology in 1967. and his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture from the University of Michigan in 1970. Additionally he has done graduate work in Management Science and Operations Research at The Johns Ho

“Seakeeping … is the ability of our ships to go to sea, and Successfully and safely execute their missions despite adverse environmental factors.” — VAdm. R.E. Adamson. USN In June 1975, VAdm. R.E. Adamson, USN, then Commander Naval Surface Forces, U.S. Atlantic Fleet, addressed the participants of the Seakeeping Workshop [1] and established what has come to be a most profound definition of seakeeping as it relates to the U.S. Navy. In those few words he identified the two major issues facing the operator today and provided the focus for all subsequent seakeeping efforts within the design community at the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). For it is these two hues of mission sum and safety at sea which are addressed within NAVSEA, for each new ship design and for ships in the Fleet, in terms of: SEAKEEPING PERFORMANCE — Ability to execute mission in a sea environment, and SEAWORTHINESS — Ability to survive in an extreme sea environment. In the past, the design of ships exhibiting superior seakeeping performance and seaworthiness and seaworthiness has been looked upon by many as an art or an academic exercise. The objective of this paper then is to demonstrate clearly that the ability of our ships to execute their missions successfully and safely in a sea environment is not by chance but by design.

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THERMAL-ANALYSIS OF AMMONIUM COPPER CHROMATE

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JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS 1979年第1期17卷 45-56页

作者： CHOUDHARY, VR PATASKAR, SG Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division National Chemical Laboratory 411008 Poona India

The thermal decomposition of ammonium copper chromate was studied by TG, DTG and DTA in the temperature range 30‡ to 1100‡. It was found to occur in four stages. The solid decomposition products in these stages were characterized by chemical, X-ray and IR analysis. Based on the results, a probable mechanism for the overall decomposition of ammonium copper chromate in the above temperature range is *** decomposition ofγ-irradiated ammonium copper chromate was also found to occur in four stages, very similarly as for ammonium copper chromate. However,γ-irradiation shifted the total weight losses and the temperatures corresponding to the DTG and DTA peaks to higher values for all decomposition stages.

关键词： Polymer Copper Chromate Thermal Analysis Thermal Decomposition

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STUDY OF DIFFUSION IN COPPER CHROMITE CATALYST UNDER REACTION CONDITIONS