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Pyrometallurgical Approach to Extracting Valuable Metals from a Combination of Diverse Li-Ion Batteries' Black Mass

ACS sustainable resource management 2024年第8期1卷 1759-1767页

作者： Safoura Babanejad Hesham Ahmed Charlotte Andersson Elsayed Mousa Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resource Engineering Process Metallurgy Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering Luleå University of Technology 97187 Luleå Sweden. Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute P.O. Box 87 Helwan 11421 Egypt. SWERIM AB Aronstorpsvägen 1 97437 Luleå Sweden.

Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used nowadays. Because of their limited lifetimes and resource constraints in manufacturing them, it is essential to develop effective recycling routes to recover their valuable elements. This study focuses on the pyrometallurgical recycling of black mass (BM) from a mixture of different LIBs. In this study, the high-temperature behavior of two types of mixed BM is initially examined. Subsequently, the effect of mechanical activation on the BM reduction kinetics is investigated. Finally, hematite is added to the BM to first be reduced by the excess graphite in the BM and second to form an Fe-based alloy containing Co and Ni. This study demonstrates that mechanical activation does not necessarily affect the kinetics of BM high-temperature behavior. Furthermore, it demonstrates that alloy-making by the addition of hematite is a successful method to simultaneously utilize the graphite in the BM and recover Co and Ni, regardless of the LIB type.

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Data-driven engineering framework with AI algorithm of Ginkgo Folium tablets manufacturing

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第5期13卷 2188-2201页

作者： Lijuan Ma Jing Zhang Ling Lin Tuanjie Wang Chaofu Ma Xiaomeng Wang Mingshuang Li Yanjiang Qiao Yongxiang Wang Guimin Zhang Zhisheng Wu Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutics of Chinese Materia Medica and New Drug DevelopmentMinistry of EducationBeijing 100029China Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.State Key Laboratory of New Technology in Pharmaceutical Process of Traditional Chinese MedicineLianyungang 222001China Yangtze River Pharmaceutical(Group)Co. Ltd.State Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese MedicineTaizhou 225321China Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd.State Key Laboratory of Generic Technology of Traditional Chinese MedicineLinyi 276005China

Smart manufacturing still remains critical challenges for pharmaceutical ***,an original data-driven engineering framework was proposed to tackle the ***,from sporadic indicators to five kinds of systematic quality characteristics,nearly 2,000,000 real-world data points were successively characterized from Ginkgo Folium tablet ***,from simplex to the multivariate system,the digital process capability diagnosis strategy was proposed by multivariate C_(pk)integrated *** C_(pk)of Ginkgo Folium extracts,granules,and tablets were discovered,which was 0.59,0.42,and 0.78,respectively,indicating a relatively weak process capability,especially in ***,the quality traceability was discovered from unit to end-to-end analysis,which decreased from 2.17 to *** further proved that attention should be paid to granulating to improve the quality *** conclusion,this paper provided a data-driven engineering strategy empowering industrial innovation to face the challenge of smart pharmaceutical manufacturing.

关键词： Smart manufacturing Data-driven engineering Artificial intelligence Information fusion process capability index End-to-end Quality traceability Real-world Ginkgo Folium products

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Dynamic Drivers for Building Carbon Emissions 18

Dynamic Drivers for Building Carbon Emissions

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18th IBPSA Conference on Building Simulation, BS 2023

作者： Zhou, Xianzhi Tian, Wei de Wilde, Pieter Yin, Juchao Sambatmaryde, Kheng Chen, Bo College of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University of Science and Technology China Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Low-Carbon Green Process Equipment Tianjin China Department of Architecture University of Strathclyde United Kingdom Division of Energy and Building Design Lund University Sweden College of Economics and Management Tianjin University of Science and Technology China

Carbon emissions from buildings have inherently dynamic characteristics since buildings evolve over time. Most previous studies, however, implemented static building carbon regimes, ignoring the temporal variation of many factors that govern carbon emissions of buildings. This research explores the influences of four dynamic factors acting on building carbon emissions: dynamic climate change data, dynamic electricity carbon emission factors, dynamic variations in building insulation levels, and dynamic degradation of mechanical components. Results indicate that the effects of these dynamic factors are very complex, depending on energy types, maintenance approach, refurbishment rate, and socioeconomic scenarios. Much more research is required to understand the dynamic nature of building carbon emissions and make more accurate long-term predictions using simulation. © 2023 *** rights reserved.

关键词： Buildings

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Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge for circular bioeconomy: Focus on lignocellulose wastes, microplastics, and pharmaceuticals

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2025年

作者： Abbas, Syed Comail Alam, Amna Mian, Md. Manik Walker, Colleen Ni, Yonghao Advanced Structure and Composite Center University of Maine ME United States Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering University of Maine ME United States Department of Chemical Engineering University of New Brunswick NB Canada Process Development Center University of Maine ME United States Department of Microbiology University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan

The rapid increase in sewage sludge (SS) generation from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has become a pressing global environmental challenge. The SS contains a wide variety of pollutants, including lignocellulose from plants and paper wastes, microplastics (MPs) from plastic wastes, and pharmaceutical residues (PRs), all of which pose substantial risks to ecosystems and human health. To address these waste management issues while also meeting rising energy demands, a shift towards a circular bioeconomy is essential. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of SS (SS-HTL) presents a sustainable solution by converting waste into renewable biofuels and mitigating environmental hazards. This review addresses five key areas: (1) an in-depth analysis of current advancements in SS-HTL technology;(2) factors influencing bio-oil production;(3) transformation pathways of lignocellulose, MPs, and PRs during HTL;(4) advanced methods for upgrading SS, including chemical, mechanical, and in situ liquefaction techniques;and (5) future perspectives on enhancing SS-HTL technology. Additionally, the review evaluates the potential applications of byproducts like the aqueous (AQ) phase, solid residues (SRs), and gases. By addressing the challenges in SS-HTL research and implementation, this article aims to improve economic feasibility and expand industrial applications. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and innovators committed to advancing waste management technologies and accelerating the transition to a sustainable circular bioeconomy. © 2025

关键词： Sewage sludge

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Systematic Biological Upgrade of a Urea Fertilizer Effluent Treatment Plant Using GPS

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第8期13卷 1457-1477页

作者： Isyaku Ahmad Joseph T. Akintola Regina J. Patinvoh Wilson F. Ekpotu Martins C. Obialor Philemon Chukwuebuka Udom Process (Urea) Department Dangote Fertiliser Limited Lagos Nigeria Department of Research & Development Vitapur Nigeria Limited Lagos Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Lagos State University Lagos Nigeria Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering University of Uyo Akwa Ibom Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Owerri Owerri Nigeria

The use of modeling and simulation has developed into a critical tool for the sustainable management of wastewater, especially when it comes to replicating the complex biochemical procedures required for fertilizer effluent treatment, which calls for a significant amount of wastewater-related data. The biological improvement of a urea fertilizer effluent via GPS* simulation was carried out in this work using a methodical process. Using established analytical techniques, temperature, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total phosphorus (T/), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total nitrate (NO₃), electric conductivity (EC), turbidity, residual chlorine, urea, NH₃, and heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Fe) were assessed. The research revealed that the measured values from the fertilizer factory outfall effluent had high concentrations of all the physicochemical water quality indicators, with the exception of TSS, PO₄^-, SO₄^-, and NO₃^-. These concentrations are higher compared to the authorized limits or suggested values by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). To improve the therapy biologically, however, a modeling and simulation program (GPS-X, version 8.0) was used with the physicochemical information gathered from the studied sample. The results of the treated water simulation showed that the concentrations of BOD₅ and COD had been significantly reduced by 35% and 44%, respectively. Additionally, it was discovered that total phosphorus (TP), nitrate (N), and total nitrogen (TN) were all within the permitted FEPA limit. The results revealed good treatment performance of the wastewater with increasing concentration of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide. Hence, the results of this research work identify the need for proper treatment of fertilizer industry effluents prior to their release into the environment.

关键词： Fertilizer Wastewater Effluent Discharge Basin Outfall Basin Physiochemical Analysis GPS Modelling & Simulation

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Characteristics of debris flow impact on a double-row slit dam

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第2期20卷 415-428页

作者： WANG Zhuang LIU Dao-chuan YOU Yong LYU Xiao-bo LIU Jin-feng ZHAO Wan-yu SUN Hao WANG Dong-wei LIU Yang Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Sichuan Highway Planning SurveyDesign and Research Institute Ltd.Chengdu 610041China Sichuan Tongchuan Engineering Technology Development Co. Ltd.Chengdu 610041China State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Transmission&Transformation Construction Co. Ltd.Chengdu 610051China

To accurately predict impact loads can ensure the safe operation of debris flow control *** instantaneous impact process is usually considered in the calculation of the debris flow impact force;however,the redistribution of an impact load after structural regulation is *** this study we deduced the theoretical calculation of a debris flow impact on a double-row slit dam,and carried out a verification experiment on the debris flow *** calculation model considers the influence of the debris flow properties,dam arrangement and pile *** results show that the impact force of the debris flow is obviously affected by the bulk *** the bulk density is 21 kg/m^(3),the maximum impact force on the pile dam is 1.15 times that when the bulk density is 15 kg/m^(3),but the time it takes for the debris flow to pass through the dam body is reduced by 60%.The larger the relative pile spacing,the more sufficient the flow space and the lower the maximum impact *** maximum impact force of relative pile spacing of 0.8 is 12%less than that of elative pile spacing of *** horizontal distribution of the impact force in the mud depth range is *** maximum impact force on the centre pier is 1.3 times that of a side pier,and the maximum impact force on the dam body appears at the top of the mud depth *** the vertical distribution of the impact force,the maximum impact force at the highest mud mark is approximately 70%of that of the *** the increase in the relative pile spacing,the longitudinal maximum impact force distribution first decreases and then increases.

关键词： Debris flow force Slit dam Fluctuations Flume model test

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Advances in membrane distillation for wastewater treatment: Innovations, challenges, and sustainable opportunities

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 969卷 178749页

作者： Patel, Raj Vardhan Yadav, Anshul Shahi, Vinod Kumar CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute Bhavnagar364002 India Ghaziabad201002 India Department of Water Resources Development and Management Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247667 India Department of Polymer and Process Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247667 India

Water pollution and the growing demand for zero liquid discharge solutions have driven the development of advanced wastewater treatment technologies. Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising thermal-based process capable of treating high-salinity brines and wastewater. This review provides an in-depth analysis of MD configurations, operating principles, and membrane characteristics while addressing key challenges such as fouling and pore wetting which hinder large-scale implementation. To overcome these limitations, various membrane fabrication and modification strategies, including physical and chemical approaches, have been explored. The integration of MD with other processes (hybrid MD) for wastewater treatment is also examined. A comprehensive discussion on the mechanisms of organic, inorganic, and biological fouling and their impact on MD performance is presented. Additionally, recent advancements in antifouling strategies, including surface modifications, novel materials, and operational optimizations, are reviewed. Furthermore, the review critically analyzes membrane wetting, its governing mechanisms, and mitigation techniques. By summarizing the current challenges and future prospects, this work provides valuable insights into improving MD performance for practical applications. The findings serve as a foundation for further research and technological advancements in the field of wastewater treatment using MD. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Wetting

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Environmental Effect of Coalbed Methane Produced Water in the Western Guizhou, China

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Qin, Binchao Jiua, Bo Yang, Zhaobiao Huang, Wenhui Coalbed Methane Reservoir Engineering Laboratory National Engineering Research Center for CBM Development and Utilization Beijing100083 China Beijing100083 China Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources and Reservoir Formation Process Ministry of Education China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou221116 China

The coalbed methane (CBM) produced water may pose a risk to the surrounding environment and human health. In this study, 126 samples of produced water and fracturing fluid in western Guizhou in recent 5 years were selected to determine the compositions of anions, cations, major and trace elements, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. The influence of CBM produced water on environmental and human health was investigated with the single-factor index method, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and the health risk assessment model. The results revealed that the hydrochemical type of the CBM produced water was divided into the Na–Cl classification and characterized with high concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS). But fracturing fluid was featured with a high As and Cr concentration, 10 times higher than that in produced water. The single factor assessment and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation showed that the produced water and fracturing fluid were all serious pollution in the five years. The water pollution in the deep reservoir was more serious than that in the shallow. With the increase of drainage time, the pollution degree decreased, but will be increased in the rainy season. The health risk assessment showed that the produced water was slight risk to human at the first year, but rose to mild risk with the increase of drainage time. The results of hydrogen and oxygen isotope results indicated that the produced water was seriously polluted by fracturing fluid, which also revealed the existence of inter-well interference in the well group. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fracturing fluids

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development and Characterization of Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composites

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2023年第1期14卷 1-19页

作者： M. A. Gafur Al Fahad Ahmed Raisul Abrar Surya Sabrin Soshi Pilot Plant & Process Development Centre Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Military Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh Department of MPE AUST Dhaka Bangladesh

Aluminum based metal matrix composites were fabricated using stir casting where silicon carbide and alumina were the reinforcements. Different types of properties (physical-density, mechanical-tensile, hardness, chemical-corrosion etc.) were measured and compared with base metals/alloys. The properties were significantly varied. The highest density was obtained for pure aluminium with 5% Al₂O₃ whereas the lowest was obtained for AA-4032 alloy. The highest hardness was obtained for AA-4032 with 5% Al₂O₃ whereas the lowest was obtained for pure Al with 5% Al₂O₃. The highest strength was obtained for AA-6061 with 5% coarse SiC whereas the lowest was obtained for pure Al. The highest impact strength was obtained for AA-4032 with 5% Al₂O₃ whereas the lowest was obtained for AA-6061. The corrosion resistance of all composites was lower than that of the base materials.

关键词： Al AA-6061 AA-4032 SiC Al2O3 Stir-Casting Metal Matrix Composite MMC Nanocomposites

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Mineral Phase Ratio of MEBIOS Sinter and its Reducibility under Blast Furnace Condition with High Hydrogen Concentration

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ISIJ International 2025年第6期65卷 728-738页

作者： Murakami, Taichi Motomura, Yuki Maruoka, Daisuke Sunahara, Kohei Sato, Takeshi Kasai, Eiki Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University 6-6-02 Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi980-8579 Japan Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Sumitomo Metal Mining CO. LTD. 145-1 Funaya-Aza-Shinchi-Otu Saijyo Ehime793-0005 Japan Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University. Now at Material and Biological Engineering Course National Institute of Technology Hachinohe College 16-1 Uwanotai Tamonoki Hachinohe Aomori039-1192 Japan Experimental Blast Furnace Project Division Process Research Laboratories Nippon Steel Corporation Experimental BF office 1 Kimitsu Kimitsu-shi Chiba299-1141 Japan Advanced Reduction Process Development Dept. JFE Steel Corporation 2-3 Uchisaiwai-cho 2-chome Chiyoda-ku Tokyo100-0011 Japan

For decreasing carbon dioxide emission from iron- and steelmaking industry, hydrogen utilization in the blast furnace has been considered. Iron ore sinter is one of the major iron sources for the blast furnace. It is known that the effects of the hydrogen concentration in the reducing gas on the reducibility and reduction disintegration of the sinter are strong. In this study, the evaluation of the mineral phase of the Mosaic EmBedding Iron Ore Sintering (MEBIOS) sinter and reducibility using a laboratory scale furnace simulated the blast furnace condition with high hydrogen concentration and the experimental blast furnace were carried out. MEBIOS sinter has higher ratio of the mineral phases, i.e., hematite and acicular calcium ferrite with primary hematite, showing higher reducibility compared to the conventional sinters. The value of JIS-RDI of the MEBIOS sinter decreases with an increase in that of JIS-RI, which is the reverse trend of the conventional sinter. Further, the basket charge test with the experimental blast furnace confirmed that the MEBIOS sinter shows high reducibility under the condition of high hydrogen concentration while the reduction disintegration behavior at low temperature is similar to conventional sinter. © 2025 The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan.

关键词： Iron ore sinter

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