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2008 AIChE Annual Meeting, AIChE 100

作者： Kroon, Maaike C. Herdes, Carmelo Vega, Lourdes F. Section Process Equipment Process and Energy Department Faculty of Mechanical Maritime and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology Leeghwaterstraat 44 Delft 2628 CA Netherlands Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas ICMAB-CSIC Campus de la UAB Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain MatGas Research Center and Air Products and Chemicals Inc. Campus de la UAB Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain

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A new concept for environmental measurement of ultrafine particles - UFP330

A new concept for environmental measurement of ultrafine par...

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Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and technology 2008

作者： Wehner, B. Hillemann, L. Zschoppe, A. Rudolph, A. Wiedensohler, A. Gerwig, H. Horn, H.-G. Caldow, R. Sem, G. Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research Permoserstraße 15 D-04318 Leipzig Germany Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology TU Dresden D-01062 Dresden Germany Topas GmbH Wilischstr. 1 D-01279 Dresden Germany LfUG - Section Air Quality Saxon State Agency for Environment and Geology 01109 Dresden Germany TSI GmbH 52068 Aachen Germany TSI Incorporated 500 Cardigan Shoreview MN 55126 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605609683

A new device to measure number concentrations between 20 and 800 nm within routine networks has been developed and tested within the course of the project UFIPOLNET. Number size concentrations within 6 sizes classes are calculated online and stored internally every 10 min. The main advantages compared to available spectrometers are that no butanol and radioactive sources as well as less maintenance are required. The prototypes of the new instruments UFP 330 showed a high data availability of more than 90 % during the first year of continuous operation. Comparison with available size spectrometers showed a good agreement within the measurement uncertainties. Meanwhile a commercial version of UFP 330 is available: Ultrafine Particle Monitor, Model 3031 by TSI Inc.

关键词： Spectrometers

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NONLINEAR NETWORK STRUCTURES FOR FEEDBACK CONTROL

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Asian Journal of Control 2008年第4期1卷

作者： F.L. Lewis Dept. of Electical Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington U.S.A. F. L. Lewis was born in Wärzburg. Germany subsequently studyning in Chile and Goruonstoun School in Scotland. He obtained the Bachelor's Degree in Physics/Electrical Engineering and the Master's of Electrical Engineering Degree at Rice University in 1971. He spent six years in the U.S. navy serving as Navigator aboard the frigate USS Trippe (FF-1075) and Executive Officer and Acting Commanding Officer aboard USS Salinan (ATF-161). In 1977 he received the Master's of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of West Florida. In 1981 he obtained the Ph.D. degree at The Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta where he was employed as a professor from 1981 to 1990 and is currently an Adjunct Professor. He is a Professor of Electrical Engineering at The University of Texas at Arlington where he was awarded the Moncrief-O'Donnell Endowed Chair in 1990 at the Automation and Robotics Research Institute. Dr. Lewis has studied the geometric analytic and structural properties of dynamical systems and feedback control automation. His current interests include robotics intelligent control neural and fuzzy systes nonlinear systems and manufacturing process control. He is the author/co-author of 2 U.S. patents 124 journal papers 20 chapters and encyclopedia articles 210 refereed conference papers seven books: Optimal Control Optimal Estimation Applied Optimal Control and Estimation Aircraft Control and Simulation Control of Robot Manipulators Neural Network Control High-Level Feedback Control with Neural Networks and the IEEE reprint volume Robot Control. Dr. Lewis is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas and was selected to the Editorial Boards of International Journal of Control Neural Computing and Applications and Int. J. Intelligent Control Systems. He is the recipient of an NSF Research Initiation Grant and has been continuously funded by NSF since 1982. Since 1991 he has received $1.8 m

A framework is given for controller design using Nonlinear Network Structures, which include both neural networks and fuzzy logic systems. These structures possess a universal approximation property that allows them to be used in feedback control of unknown systems without requirements for linearity in the system parameters or finding a regression matrix. Nonlinear nets can be linear or nonlinear in the tunable weight parameters. In the latter case weight tuning algorithms are not straightforward to obtain. Feedback control topologies and weight tuning algorithms are given here that guarantee closed-loop stability and bounded weights. Extensions are discussed to force control, backstepping control, and output feedback control, where dynamic nonlinear nets are required.

关键词： Intelligent feedback control neural networks neural network structures basis function networks fuzzy control fuzzy-neural networks universal approximation adaptive nonparametric control learning control systems

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Research on advanced diesel aftertreatment devices

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Review of Automotive engineering 2006年第3期27卷 395-399页

作者： Hara, Shinji Oyama, Koji Kakegawa, Toshiaki Senbokuya, Shigeo Nakamura, Qsamu Shibuya, Masahiko Itoyama, Hiroyuki Okada, Masanori Sugiyama, Gen Hasegawa, Tsutomu Group No. 5 Engine Component Dept. No. 2 Isuzu Motors Limited 8 Tsuchidana Fujisawa Kanagawa 252-8501 Japan Fuel Products R and D Group Fuel Research Laboratory Research and Development Division 8 Chidoricho Naka-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 231-0815 Japan Technical Liaison Dept. Development Management Division Hino Motors Ltd. 3-1-1 Hino-dai Hino Tokyo 191-8660 Japan Fuel Quality Technology Section Manufacturing Department Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd. 1280 Kami-humi Sodegaura Chiba 299-0293 Japan Fuels and Process Division Research Center TonenGeneral Sekiyu K.K. 6-1 Ukishima-cho Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki Kanagawa 210-9526 Japan Oil Products Development Section Research and Development Division Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K. 2-3-2 Daiba Minato-ku Tokyo 135-8074 Japan Components Engineering Group Engine Engineering Department No. 3 Powertrain Engineering Division 6-1 Daikoku-cho Tsurumi-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0053 Japan Quality Audit Department Engine Administration Division Power Train Development Group 1 Toyota-cho Toyota Aicht 471-8572 Japan Engine and Environmental Research Division Japan Automobile Research Institute 2530 Karima Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0822 Japan Fuel Research Laboratory Advanced Technology and Research Institute Japan Petroleum Energy Center 1-4-10 Ohnodai Midori-ku Chiba Chiba 267-0056 Japan

This article reports the effects of fuel sulfur on advanced diesel emission aftertreatment devices as tested by the JCAPII Diesel WG For a Urea SCR system, the NOx emissions reduction performance was compared at low exhaust gas temperature ranges with and without an oxidation catalyst installed in front of the SCR catalyst. For a NOx storage reduction catalyst system, the effect of fuel sulfur content on exhaust emissions and fuel economy during 50,000km driving was examined. © 2006 Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Urea

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ICE scaling prevention with a fluidized bed heat exchanger

ICE scaling prevention with a fluidized bed heat exchanger

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作者： Pronk, P. Ferreira, C.A. Infante Witkamp, G.J. Engineering Thermodynamics Section Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 2 2628 CD Delft Netherlands Laboratory of Process Equipment Delft University of Technology Leeghwaterstraat 44 2628 CA Delft Netherlands

In most ice crystallization processes, scraped surface heat exchangers are applied to prevent ice scaling, but these apparatuses have disadvantages such as high investment and maintenance costs, especially for large-scale applications. An interesting alternative is a fluidized bed heat exchanger in which fluidized steel particles prevent ice scaling. This paper presents results from ice crystallization experiments with a single-tube fluidized bed heat exchanger. During the experiments, ice crystals were formed in aqueous solutions of different solutes with varying concentrations. The experiments revealed that ice scaling was only prevented when a certain temperature difference between wall and solution was not exceeded. This maximum temperature difference appeared to increase linearly with the solute concentration and was higher in aqueous solutions with low diffusion coefficients. The observed phenomena are explained by the hypothesis that ice scaling is only prevented when the crystal growth rate of ice crystals on the wall does not exceed the scale removal rate induced by the fluidized steel particles.

关键词： Heat exchangers

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Maximum temperature difference without ice-scaling in scraped surface crystallizers during eutectic freeze crystallization

Maximum temperature difference without ice-scaling in scrape...

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作者： Pronk, P. Ferreira, C. A. Infante Pascual, M. Rodriguez Witkarap, G.J. Engineering Thermodynamics Section Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 2 2628 CD Delft Netherlands Laboratory of Process Equipment Delft University of Technology Leeghwaterstraat 44 2628 CA Delft Netherlands

During eutectic freeze crystallization (EFC) in scraped surface crystallizers, ice and salt are crystallized simultaneously around the eutectic point. Due to the strong tendency of ice to adhere onto cold heat transfer surfaces, scale layers tend to form in crystallizers causing a severe decrease in heat transfer rates. Prevention of ice scaling therefore plays a major role in design and operation of freeze crystallization processes. A parallel paper reveals that both the solute type and concentration play an important role in ice scale formation on heat exchanger surfaces. In this work, the maximum temperature difference between the cooled surface and the slurry without ice scaling is determined for KNO3 solutions in a continuously fed crystallizer with four PTFE scraper blades rotating on a cooled plate. At low concentrations, the results are in correspondence with the parallel paper showing that the maximum temperature difference without ice scaling increases linearly with the solute concentration. However, at solute concentrations near the eutectic point, the maximum temperature difference without ice scaling decreases. The latter is ascribed to salt crystallization which accelerates the ice growth rate resulting in ice scaling.

关键词： Crystallization

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Environment-friendly block made from steel slag 8

Environment-friendly block made from steel slag

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2004 8th CANMET/ACI International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete

作者： Matsunaga, H. Kogiku, F. Takagi, M. Tanishiki, K. Nakagawa, M. Slag and Refractories Research Department Steel Research Laboratory ofJFE Steel Corporation Japan Plant Development and Design Section Plant Engineering Department West Japan Works of JFE Steel Corporation Japan Department Manager of Environment and Process Technology Center of Nippon Steel Corporation Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780870311468

A new environment-friendly block, called "steel slag hydrated matrix", consisting mainly of steelmaking slag, ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, and water was developed. Steel slag hydrated matrix has the following features: 1) Made from 100% recycled resources, 2) same strength performance as ordinary concrete, 3) excellent wear resistance, 4) low alkaline dissolution, and 5) excellent growth habitat for biofouling organisms in marine environments. In repair work at Mizushima Port, Okayama Prefecture, Japan, 150,000 tons of steel slag hydrated matrix material were used. The ease of use in construction and low impact on ecological systems of the new material were confirmed in the course of this work. © 2004 American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved.

关键词： Slags

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A Highly Manufacturadle Low-k ALD-SiBN process for 60nm NAND Flash Devices and Beyond

A Highly Manufacturadle Low-k ALD-SiBN Process for 60nm NAND...

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IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, 2004 IEDM

作者： Kim, Jin-Gyun Ahn, Jae-Young Kim, Hong-Suk Lim, Ju-Wan Kim, Chae-Ho Shu, Hoka Hasebe, Kazuhide Hur, Sung-Hoi Park, Jong-Ho Kim, Hee-Seok Shin, Yu-Gyun Chung, U-In Moon, Joo-Tae Process Development Team Technology Development Team Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Co. LTD Gyeonggi-Do Yongin-City449-711 Korea Republic of Process Engineering Section Thermal Processing Systems BU Tokyo Electron Ltd. 650 Mitsuzawa Hosaka-cho Yamanashi Nirasaki407-0192 Japan

For the first time, low-k dielectric ALD-SiBN (Atomic Layer Deposition) is successfully developed and applied on poly-Si/WSix gate as a spacer for reduction of parasitic capacitance between the cells. ALD-SiBN deposition is performed at 630°C using dichlorosilane (SiH2Cl2-DCS), boron-trichloride (BCl3) and ammonia (NH3) as precursors. Compared with the conventional silicon nitride, ALD-SiBN exhibits similar film properties at lower dielectric constant. ALD-SiBN layer is deposited on poly-Si/WSix stack gate in 90nm NAND flash device. A significant reduction (>15%) of the floating-gate coupling voltage is achieved by employing SiBN compared with SiN spacer. In addition, excellent data retention characteristics (@HTS) is identified by applying lowk dielectric SiBN layer as a spacer on 90nm NAND flash device. © 2004 IEEE.

关键词： Chlorine compounds

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A highly manufacturable low-k ALD-SiBN process for 60nm NAND flash devices and beyond

A highly manufacturable low-k ALD-SiBN process for 60nm NAND...

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International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)

作者： Jin-Gyun Kim Jae-Young Ahn Hong-Suk Kim Ju-Wan Lim Chae-Ho Kim H. Shu K. Hasebe Sung-Hoi Hur Jong-Ho Park Hee-Seok Kim Yu-Gyun Shin U-In Chung Joo-Tae Moon Process Development Team & Technology Development Team Semiconductor Research and Development Center Samsung Electronics Company Limited Yongin si Gyeonggi South Korea Process Engineering Section Thermal Processing Systems BU Tokyo Electron Limited Nirasaki Yamanashi Japan

For the first time, low-k dielectric ALD-SiBN (atomic layer deposition) is successfully developed and applied on poly-Si/WSix gate as a spacer for reduction of parasitic capacitance between the cells. ALD-SiBN deposition is performed at 630/spl deg/C using dichlorosilane (SiH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/-DCS), boron-trichloride (BCl/sub 3/) and ammonia (NH/sub 3/) as precursors. Compared with the conventional silicon nitride, ALD-SiBN exhibits similar film properties at lower dielectric constant. ALD-SiBN layer is deposited on poly-Si/WSix stack gate in 90nm NAND flash device. A significant reduction (>15%) of the floating-gate coupling voltage is achieved by employing SiBN compared with SiN spacer. In addition, excellent data retention characteristics (@HTS) is identified by applying low-k dielectric SiBN layer as a spacer on 90nm NAND flash device.

关键词： Manufacturing processes Optical films Refractive index Atomic measurements Dielectric constant Nonvolatile memory Plasma temperature Dielectric devices Atomic layer deposition Parasitic capacitance

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Diagnostic capabilities of FOUNDATION fieldbus pressure transmitters

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Hydrocarbon processing 2003年第4期82卷 53-55+58-60页

作者： Szanyi, Ron Raterman, Mike Eryurek, Evren ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Florham Park NJ United States Process Technology Section Imperial Oil LTD's Eng. Services Toronton Ont. Canada Emerson Process Management Austin TX United States

The ExxonMobil Research and engineering group tested the self-diagnostic capabilities of pressure transmitters with FOUNDATION fieldbus (FF) capability installed on a refinery FCC unit. This project involved conducting a series of tests on the ability of the devices to diagnose plugged impulse lines. Three types of problems associated with the pressure transmitters and purge systems on an FCC unit, and with the FCC process itself, can be detected with the diagnostic capabilities of fieldbus pressure transmitters. In addition to identifying process-related problems, the diagnostics capabilities of fieldbus pressure transmitters should be able to identify conditions related to plugged impulse lines before they cause operational upsets.

关键词： Hydrocarbon refining

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