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10th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive control, AAC 2022

作者： Büyüker, Banu Ç. Ferrara, Alessandro Hametner, Christoph Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Division of Process Control and Automation TU Wien Vienna Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Control and Monitoring of Automotive Powertrain Systems TU Wien Vienna Austria

In electric vehicles, it is essential to prevent battery overheating due to excessive ohmic losses or inadequate cooling. Indeed, the temperature of battery systems significantly impacts their performance, lifetime, and safety. This paper proposes a predictive cooling optimization method for the battery thermal management system of heavy-duty fuel cell electric vehicles. The predictive cooling strategy is based on a model predictive control (MPC) formulation to maintain the battery temperature in its optimal range (to increase efficiency) and avoid high-temperature peaks (to increase lifetime and safety). The predictive thermal management relies on the ohmic losses forecast provided by a predictive energy management system. Simulations of a real-world driving cycle validate the proposed MPC and assess the impact of the predictive horizon length, which is critical for thermal management performance. The comparison against a simple hysteresis control strategy highlights the significant benefits of the proposed MPC for higher battery efficiency and lifetime. Copyright © 2022 The Authors.

关键词： Model predictive control

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Adaptive Energy Management Strategy to Avoid Battery Temperature Peaks in Fuel Cell Electric Trucks

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2022年第24期55卷 311-316页

作者： Alessandro Ferrara Matthias Hütter Christoph Hametner Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Division of Process Control and Automation TU Wien Vienna Austria AVL List GmbH Graz Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Control and Monitoring of Automotive Powertrain Systems TU Wien Vienna Austria

Thermal management is essential in electric vehicles to preserve battery life. In particular, avoiding temperature peaks is critical to prevent accelerated degradation. The battery thermal management problem is crucial in fuel cell electric trucks due to the heavy vehicle weight, especially on mountain or hilly roads. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy management strategy that reduces battery degradation by limiting its usage at high temperatures to allow its cooldown and avoid peaks. The energy management strategy is adaptive because the main control parameters for the fuel cell/battery power-split are adjusted depending on the battery temperature. The comparison between adaptive and non-adaptive strategies proves the effectiveness of the proposed formulation in avoiding temperature peaks without hindering fuel consumption or fuel cell degradation. The robustness of the proposed energy management strategy is validated with simulations of several real-world driving cycles with various speed and elevation profiles.

关键词： Energy Management Heavy-Duty Fuel Cell Vehicle Adaptive control Battery Temperature Fuel Cell Degradation Battery Thermal Management

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Eco-driving of fuel cell electric trucks: optimal speed planning combining dynamic programming and Pontryagin’s minimum principle

Eco-driving of fuel cell electric trucks: optimal speed plan...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： Alessandro Ferrara Christoph Hametner Division of Process Control and Automation TU Wien Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Vienna Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Control and Monitoring of Automotive Powertrain Systems TU Wien Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781665454698

Eco-driving is an energy-aware driving style that improves the overall vehicle efficiency to reduce operating costs and extend the driving range. This paper focuses on the eco-driving of fuel cell electric trucks, optimizing the speed plan based on the route elevation, and studying the trade-off between driving time and range. In particular, the optimal speed plan is created by combining two methods from optimal control theory (dynamic programming and Pontryagin’s minimum principle) to include an energy management strategy for fuel consumption optimization. The speed plan created with the proposed method increases the vehicle range by 8% compared with a constant speed plan. Moreover, the study shows that the vehicle range can be extended up to 50% if the driving time is increased, which might be an essential solution to cope with the undeveloped hydrogen refueling infrastructure. The conclusion of this work indicates several directions to continue the research on the topic: for example, addressing robustness to traffic conditions and including component degradation mitigation targets in the optimization (e.g. SoC operating range and fuel cell voltage degradation).

关键词： Degradation Vehicular and wireless technologies Hydrogen Fuel cells Voltage Robustness Planning

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Simple Model and Predictive control of a Pharmaceutical Batch Fluidized Bed Dryer

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2021年第3期54卷 7-12页

作者： Francis Gagnon André Desbiens Éric Poulin Jocelyn Bouchard Pierre-Philippe Lapointe-Garant Process Observation and Optimization Laboratory (LOOP) Université Laval Quebec City G1V 0A6 Canada Process Monitoring Automation and Control group (PMAC) Pfizer Canada ULC Montreal H9J 2M5 Canada

The fluidized bed theory can be complex, especially for heterogeneous flow descriptions with bypasses, generally resulting in large differential and algebraic systems of equations. Consequently, their applicability to model-based process control is limited. In this work, a simplified homogeneous model for pharmaceutical batch drying is derived from the two-phase fluidization theory using physical insights and simplifying assumptions, reducing more than a hundred equations to five. A nonlinear model predictive controller with an internal model structure is designed from these simple equations, showing the simplicity of tuning and implementation. Parameters of the model are calibrated through nonlinear grey-box identification using pilot scale experimental data. The validation demonstrates that the proposed simplifications do not impair the ability to replicate the process dynamics adequately with experimental conditions similar to the ones used for calibration. Closed-loop results in simulation attest the robustness of this control strategy.

关键词： Modeling Identification Model-based control Batch processes

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Rule-Based Energy Management Strategy of Fuel Cell/Ultracapacitor/Battery Vehicles: winner of the IEEE VTS Motor Vehicles Challenge 2020

Rule-Based Energy Management Strategy of Fuel Cell/Ultracapa...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion (VPPC)

ISBN: (数字)9781728189598

ISBN: (纸本)9781728189604

This paper focuses on the energy management of fuel cell/ultracapacitor/battery hybrid vehicles. A robust rule-based strategy is proposed to effectively reduce hydrogen consumption, increase vehicle lifetime, and handle multiple constraints. This strategy won the IEEE VTS Motor Vehicles Challenge 2020. The formulation of the control rules is heavily based on the vehicle model and the analysis of the assigned cost function. A stochastic generation of driving scenarios is proposed to deal with the limited information provided by the challenge, guarantying a robust design of the energy management strategy. The results are analyzed on a large set of synthetic driving cycles.

关键词： Hydrogen Stochastic processes Fuel cells Supercapacitors Propulsion Batteries Fuels

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Stochastic Optimization for Energy-Efficient Cooperative Platooning

Stochastic Optimization for Energy-Efficient Cooperative Pla...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion (VPPC)

作者： Alexander Wasserburger Alexander Schirrer Christoph Hametner Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Control and Monitoring of Automotive Powertrain Systems TU Wien Vienna Austria Divison of Process Control and Automation TU Wien Vienna Austria

Following another vehicle can be automated by controlling the inter-vehicle distance using cooperative adaptive cruise control systems (CACC). On the one hand, this distance should be as small as possible in order to reduce aerodynamic drag which decreases fuel consumption. On the other hand, a minimal spacing can increase the probability and severity of collisions. In order to ensure a satisfying performance in the presence of various information topologies and relevant uncertainties such as errors in data transmission or extreme maneuvers of the lead vehicle, a stochastic optimization approach is suggested and demonstrated for a preexisting CACC scheme. Simulation experiments show the performance and the potential energy savings achieved by the robust calibration of the controller.

关键词： Optimization Lead Trajectory Uncertainty Energy consumption Safety Acceleration

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Optimal Current Excitation for the Time-Domain Estimation of the Electrochemical Impedance

Optimal Current Excitation for the Time-Domain Estimation of...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion (VPPC)

作者： Daniel Ritzberger Christoph Hametner Stefan Jakubek Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Control and Process Automation TU Wien Vienna Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Control and Monitoring of Automotive Powertrain Systems TU Wien Vienna Austria

For the real-time fault detection of electrochemical cells in automotive applications, time-domain based impedance estimation schemes, together with broad-band current excitation signals, have been developed. Whereas the appropriate choice of the estimator is necessary as to prevent a systematic estimation bias, the choice of the applied excitation signal is of equal crucial importance as thereby the covariance of the estimate, and therefore the resulting accuracy of the estimation scheme, is directly influenced. In this work, an optimization of the applied current excitation signal, based on the Fisher information matrix, is proposed and its influence on the estimation accuracy is investigated.

关键词： Estimation Optimization Impedance Time-domain analysis Noise measurement Integrated circuit modeling Equivalent circuits

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monitoring the Moisture Content in Pharmaceutical Batch Fluidized Bed Dryers Using Observer-Based Soft Sensors

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2020年第2期53卷 12056-12061页

作者： Marc-Olivier Roseberry Francis Gagnon André Desbiens Jocelyn Bouchard Pierre-Philippe Lapointe-Garant Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering LOOP Université Laval Québec City Québec G1V 6A6 Canada Department of Chemical Engineering LOOP Université Laval Québec City Québec G1V 6A6 Canada Process Monitoring Automation and Control Global Engineering Pfizer Montréal Québec H4R 1J6 Canada

Tablet manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry involves batch fluidized bed drying for particle moisture removal. This paper introduces five approaches for moisture content monitoring, relying either on a complex phenomenological model or its simplified version. The first two soft sensors consist of open-loop estimators, i.e. they simply simulate the models fed by the manipulated variables. Three closed-loop moving horizon estimators based on the simplified model are also proposed for improved robustness. In the first one, the measurements of the inlet gas and particle temperatures feed back the soft sensor. The last two closed-loop observers additionally can take into account infrequent delayed moisture content measurements, such as at-line loss on drying analysis. A validation of the soft sensors is performed with experimental data collected on a pilot scale fluidized bed dryer. Results show that the closed-loop observer with the delayed moisture content measurements still has an accuracy that is equivalent (and sometimes better) than the complex phenomenological model.

关键词： state estimation batch fluidized bed dryer moving horizon estimator offline measurement measurement delay

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FERMENTATION EXHAUST-GAS ANALYSIS USING MASS-SPECTROMETRY

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BIO-TECHNOLOGY 1985年第11期3卷 982-&页

作者： BUCKLAND, B BRIX, T FASTERT, H GBEWONYO, K HUNT, G JAIN, D Barry Buckland Director Fermentation Process Development Tom Brix Pilot Plant Supervisor Henry Fastert Chemical Engineer Kodzo Gbewonyo Biochemical Engineer George Hunt Senior Biochemical Engineer and Deepak Jain Biochemical Engineer Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories P.O. Box 2000 Rahway NJ 07065REFERENCES Buckland B.C. 1984. The translation of scale in fermentation processes: The impact of computer process control. Bio/Technology 2: 875.|ISI|ChemPort|Bull D.N. 1983. Automation and optimization of fermentation processes. Annual Review of Fermentation Processes 6: 359.|ChemPort|Buckland B.C. and Fastert H. 1982. Analysis of fermentation exhaust gas using a mass-spectrometer p. 119 in Computer Applications in Fermentation Technology. London: Society of Chemical Industry.Tuffile C.M. and Pinho F. 1970. Determination of oxygen transfer coefficients in viscous Streptomycete fermentations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. XII: 849.Wax R. Maiese W. Weston R. and Birnbaum J. 1976. Efrotomycin a new antibiotic from Streptomyces lactamdurans. The Journal of Antibiotics 29: 670.|PubMed|ChemPort|Campbell W.C. Fisher M.H. Stapley E.O. Albers-Schonberg G. and Jacob T.A. 1983. Ivermectin: A potent new antiparasitic agent. Science 221: 823.|PubMed|ISI|ChemPort|Alberts A.W. Chen J. Kuron G. Hunt V. Huff J. Hoffman C. Rothrock J. Lopez M. Joshua H. Harris E. Patchett A. Monaghan R. Currie S. Stapley E. Albers-Schonberg G. Hensens O. Hirshfield J. Hoogsteen K. Liesch J. and Springer J. 1980. Mevinolin: A highly potent competitive inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and a cholesterol lowering agent. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 77: 3957.|Article|PubMed|ChemPort|Cooney C.L. and Mou C.-G. 1982. Application of computer monitoring and control to the penicillin fermentation p. 217 in Computer Applications in Fermentation Technology. London: Society of Chemical Industry.

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