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Antibacterial Surface Protection using Electrical Discharge Machining with Zinc Tool Electrode for Medical Devices

Procedia CIRP 2024年 125卷 278-283页

作者： Viet D. Bui André Martin Thomas Berger Philipp Steinert Andreas Schubert Chemnitz University of Technology Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Electrical discharge machining (EDM), widely used to fabricate medical devices, is applicable for antibacterial surface protection. Silver, transferred from tool electrode or powder suspended in the dielectric to the modified layer during the EDM process, significantly enhanced antibacterial properties of the modified surface. However, bacterial resistance to silver, which was widespread in clinical, still posed challenges for the modified surfaces containing silver. Zinc, owing to its strong antibacterial effects and no challenge related to Zn-resistant bacteria hitherto reported in clinical, was therefore used as tool electrode material to modify Ti6Al4V surfaces during the EDM process. Discharge energies up to 170 µJ with different polarities were applied in the EDM milling process using deionized water-based dielectric fluid. Results show that discharge energy and polarity play a vital role in chemical composition and roughness of the modified surfaces as well as material removal rate and tool wear rate. The surfaces containing zinc contents up to 28 % can be generated. The use of a low energy generates zinc-rich surfaces with less micro-cracks. The EDM process using zinc tool electrode shows a promising potential for antibacterial surface modification of medical devices.

关键词： EDM Zinc electrode Medical device Antibacterial surface

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Robotic Visual Servoing for Tracking Structureless Moving Parts

Robotic Visual Servoing for Tracking Structureless Moving Pa...

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Iberian Robotics Conference (ROBOT)

作者： Christian Schroder Marco Schumann Rico Loser Philipp Klimant Martin Dix Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany Professorship Virtual Technologies Hochschule Mittweida - University of Applied Sciences Mittweida Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350376364

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376371

The European Union has committed to achieving the 1.5-degree Celsius limit set by the Paris Climate Agreement, emphasizing the necessity for substantial energy savings across various sectors, particularly in industry. This ambitious goal requires a delicate balance between reducing energy consumption and maintaining economic strength. Concurrently, there is a noticeable shift from mass production to mass customization, driven by the need for more flexible and adaptable manufacturing processes. Cognitive robotics emerges as a pivotal technology in this context, offering enhanced capabilities for flexible production lines. One significant advantage is the ability to assemble moving parts which optimizes cycle times and therefore contributes to energy savings. This paper presents a novel approach to object tracking using NC robot-based position control, demonstrating its potential to support the industry's transition towards more sustainable and efficient manufacturing practices. The image processing algorithm, which consists of a fused methodology merging an iterative 2D image registration and stereo vision-based point cloud registration, demonstrates the ability to track an object with a mean L2-error of 3.5 mm in a dynamic environment.

关键词： Industries Point cloud compression Service robots Heuristic algorithms Energy conservation Position control Production Visual servoing Object tracking Meteorology

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Incremental Collar forming Process for the Manufacturing of Branched Tubes and Pipes 13th

Incremental Collar Forming Process for the Manufacturing of ...

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13th International Conference on the technology of Plasticity, ICTP 2021

作者： Leonhardt, André de Witt, Peggy Rehm, Matthias Schlegel, Holger Kräusel, Verena Professorship Forming and Joining Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Professorship Production Systems and Processes Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030753801

Beside the manufacturing of finished parts by Incremental Sheet Metal forming (ISF), final operations within the process chain can also be realized with this technology. The technological capabilities of performing incremental (hole-)flanging operations for sheet metal parts has been investigated in research context. The current topic focusses on the transfer of the incremental forming technology to manufacture tubular parts. An incremental collar forming process was developed where all motions are executed by the forming tool. Due to the fixed position of the workpiece, tubes, as well as pipes can be branched. Stainless steel tubes made of 1.4404 (316L) with an outer diameter of 54 mm and a wall thickness of 1.5 mm were used for experimental evidence of functional capability of the incremental collaring process. The influence of different pre-hole geometries and forming tool shapes on the properties of the collar (e. g. geometrical accuracy, wall thickness) was investigated. © 2021, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

关键词： Tubular steel structures

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A New Paradigm in Surface Reconstruction: LTP Features from Surface Images for Inverse Process Modeling

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Procedia CIRP 2025年 134卷 975-980页

作者： Mei Yun Liu Thomas Wiener Martin Dix Professorship Production Systems and Processes Chemnitz University of Technology Straße der Nationen 62 09111 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

This study explores the adaptation of Local Ternary Patterns (LTP) for surface reconstruction, extending its use beyond traditional texture analysis. A systematic methodology, including patch optimization, parameter optimization, and feature selection, is proposed to extract surface-relevant features from images. Applied to spark-eroded surfaces, LTP enables differentiation of surface structures, with slightly reduced classification performance for surfaces with very fine or very coarse roughness. Despite this, the method demonstrates high potential for inverse process modeling, offering a cost-effective alternative for correlating manufacturing parameters with surface characteristics, contributing to improved process optimization and quality control in precision manufacturing.

关键词： Inverse Process Model Local Ternary Patterns (LTP) Surface Reconstruction Electrical discharge machining (EDM)

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Coupled CFD model of tool environment and workspace to determine the convective heat transfer in jet cooling of milling processes in machine tools

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Procedia CIRP 2025年 133卷 280-285页

作者： Steffen Brier Alexander Geist Janine Glänzel Christian Naumann Joachim Regel Martin Dix Steffen Ihlenfeldt Chemnitz University of Technology Professorship Production Systems and Processes Reichenhainer Str. 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer-Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Technical University Dresden Institute for Machine Tools Development and Adaptive Controls Helmholtzstraße 10 01069 Dresden Germany

The responsible use of resources is an essential part of the manufacturing of industrial products. This includes the economical use of cooling lubricant and requires precise knowledge of the cooling mechanisms and their effect on the accuracy of the machine tool and thus the thermal error. A temporal and spatial resolution of the dynamic coolant flow near the tool and in the entire workspace in a single model would require a large simulation time. Therefore, a composite model was developed, that consists of a near-tool model and a larger surrounding workspace model. The required static near-tool cooling lubricant distribution is obtained via data discretization methods from a separate static simulation that resolves the turbulence of the cooling lubricant created by the tool rotation. The identified coolant distribution is integrated into a CFD near-tool model (with simplified tool geometry) which is coupled with a surrounding CFD workspace model. The workspace model is thus able to identify the effects of the coolant wetting on the machine surface temperature and finally, using thermo-elastic FEM simulations, on the resulting thermal error. This approach allows the composite model to simulate the entire workspace with reduced simulation effort and map the coolant-influenced heat transfer coefficients on the machine surface.

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Effects of ultrasonic vibration on the silver deposition in powder mixed EDM for antibacterial surface modification 23

Effects of ultrasonic vibration on the silver deposition in ...

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23rd International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2023

作者： Bui, Viet D. Berger, Thomas Martin, André Harnisch, Karsten Döring, Joachim Bertrand, Jessica Schubert, Andreas Chemnitz University of Technology Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Institute of Materials and Joining Technology Universitätsplatz 2 Magdeburg39106 Germany Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Leipziger Str. 44 Magdeburg39120 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781998999132

Previous studies have demonstrated that silver nano-powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) is a potential technique for concurrent ablative shaping medical implants and generating antibacterial layers on the surfaces. PMEDM modified surfaces with deposited silver offer excellent antibacterial properties along with very good biocompatibility. However, for medical applications, PMEDM is still facing challenges providing sufficiently uniform distribution of deposited silver and preventing spattered layers that might lead to delamination from the modified surface. It was indicated that ultrasonic vibration (UV) has remarkable effects on the fluid dynamics in the spark gap, which positively affect the silver distribution and reduce the generation of spattered layers. Consequently, in this study, a Ti6Al4V workpiece is vibrated with an ultrasonic frequency of 22.3 kHz and an amplitude of 2.5 μm during the PMEDM process. The effect of vibration direction in X and Z axis on the silver deposition is evaluated while discharge energy is varied up to 125 μJ. For comparative analyses also PMEDM without vibration assistance is investigated. Ti6Al4V hollow tool electrodes with an outer diameter of 3 mm and an inner diameter of 2.5 mm are utilised for internal flushing with a pressure of 4 bar. A hydrocarbon-based dielectric fluid is mixed with silver nanopowder at a concentration of 15 g/l. Results show that UV assisted PMEDM increases the content of deposited silver up to 1.7 times compared to PMEDM without vibration. UV with vibration in Z direction and pulse energies of 55 μJ and 125 μJ results in uniform silver distribution and significantly decreases spattered layer formation, whereas the use of vibration in X-direction leads to negative effects. By carefully selecting machining conditions such as vibration direction and amplitude, wall thickness of hollow tool electrode and powder concentration, PMEDM provides surfaces with promising characteristics for medical

关键词： Medical applications

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Perception of embodied digital technologies: robots and telepresence systems

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Human-Intelligent Systems Integration 2023年第1期5卷 43-62页

作者： Mandl, Sarah Brade, Jennifer Bretschneider, Maximilian Asbrock, Frank Meyer, Bertolt Jahn, Georg Klimant, Philipp Strobel, Anja Professorship of Personality Psychology and Assessment Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Professorship of Social Psychology Professorship of Work Organizational and Economic Psychology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Professorship of Social Psychology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Professorship of Work Organizational and Economic Psychology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Professorship Applied Geropsychology and Cognition Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Professorship Virtual Technologies Hochschule Mittweida - University of Applied Sciences Mittweida Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Chemnitz Germany

Embodied Digital Technologies (EDTs) are increasingly populating private and public spaces. How EDTs are perceived in Hybrid Societies requires prior consideration. However, findings on social perception of EDTs remain inconclusive. We investigated social perception and trustworthiness of robots and telepresence systems (TPS) and aimed at identifying how observers’ personality traits were associated with social perception of EDTs. To this end, we conducted two studies (N1 = 293, N2 = 305). Participants rated five different EDTs in a short video sequence of a space sharing conflict with a human in terms of anthropomorphism, sociability/morality, activity/cooperation, competence, and trustworthiness. The TPS were equipped with a tablet on which a person was visible. We found that the rudimentarily human-like TPS was perceived as more anthropomorphic than the automated guided vehicle, but no differences emerged in terms of other social dimensions. For robots, we found mixed results but overall higher ratings in terms of social dimensions for a human-like robot as opposed to a mechanical one. Trustworthiness was attributed differently to the EDTs only in Study 2, with a preference toward TPS and more human-like robots. In Study 1, we did not find any such differences. Personality traits were associated with attributions of social dimensions in Study 1, however results were not replicable and thus, associations remained ambiguous. With the present studies, we added insights on social perception of robots and provided evidence that social perception of TPS should be taken into consideration before their deployment.

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Study on flushing condition for improving silver deposition in silver nano-powder mixed EDM 22

Study on flushing condition for improving silver deposition ...

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22nd International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2022

作者： Bui, Viet D. Meinshausen, Ann-Kathrin Berger, Thomas Martin, André Harnisch, Karsten Bertrand, Jessica Schubert, Andreas Chemnitz University of Technology Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Leipziger Str. 44 Magdeburg39120 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781998999118

Silver nano-powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) has demonstrated its applicability for antibacterial surface modification. However, previous PMEDM studies indicated that jet flushing leads to a low powder concentration in the spark gap, which was the main reason for a low deposited silver content. Internal flushing with different dielectric pressures was therefore proposed and will be investigated in this study. To do so, Ti-6Al-4V hollow tool electrodes with an outer diameter of 3 mm and an inner diameter of 2.5 mm are selected to machine Ti-6Al-4V samples. Silver nano-powders with a size of 50 nm to 60 nm are suspended in the hydrocarbon-based dielectric fluid at a 5 g/l powder concentration. Surface roughness and resulting silver content and distribution on the modified surface are analysed and discussed. Results show that internal flushing significantly increases the deposited silver content when high pressure of the dielectric fluid was applied. In addition, with careful control, the internal flushing is a promising strategy for improving the uniformity of the deposited silver distribution. © European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, Conference Proceedings - 22nd International Conference and Exhibition, EUSPEN 2022. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surface roughness

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Ultrasonic Vibration assisted Silver Integration by Powder Mixed EDM for Antibacterial Surfaces 7

Ultrasonic Vibration assisted Silver Integration by Powder M...

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7th CIRP Conference on Surface Integrity, CSI 2024

作者： Bui, Viet D. Martin, André Berger, Thomas Harnisch, Karsten Döring, Joachim Bertrand, Jessica Schubert, Andreas Chemnitz University of Technology Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Institute of Materials and Joining Technology Universitätsplatz 2 Magdeburg39106 Germany Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Leipziger Str. 44 Magdeburg39120 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) with silver nano-powder has demonstrated its potential capability in antibacterial surface modification. Analyses in the cross-sectional layer showed that silver was mainly integrated near the topmost surface layer, and its content is reduced within the layer towards the substrate. However, to achieve a long-term antibacterial efficacy, silver needs to be deeply integrated in the modified layer. Previous studies indicated that ultrasonic vibration (UV) assisted PMEDM can homogenize the silver content in the deposited layer. In this study, the effect of UV on the silver distribution within the modified layer is investigated. Ti6Al4V workpieces were stimulated by UV with a frequency of 22.3 kHz and an amplitude of 2.5 µm. Hydrocarbon-based dielectric fluid, mixed with silver nano-powder with concentrations up to 15 g/L, were internally flushed through a hollow tool with a pressure of 4 bar. PMEDM without UV was investigated for comparison. The layer thickness, micro-cracks and the cross-sectional distribution of deposited silver were analysed by confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results indicate that applying UV leads to the highest silver content in the middle region of the layer, a significant decrease of micro-cracks and a slight reduction of the layer thickness. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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Efficient data acquisition for traceability and analytics

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 122卷 73-78页

作者： Heiner Reinhardt Mahtab Mahdaviasl Bastian Prell Anton Mauersberger Philipp Klimant Jörg Reiff-Stephan Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau Hochschulring 1 15745 Wildau Germany Professorship Virtual Technologies Hochschule Mittweida - University of Applied Sciences Technikumplatz 17 09648 Mittweida Germany Institute of Machine Tools and Control Engineering Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany

Implementing processes for traceability is required in various industries to assure product quality during manufacturing, provide evidence on required processing conditions or facilitate product recalls. Commonly, radio-frequency identification (RFID) or code recognition techniques (e.g. Data Matrix) are applied to track the flow of workpieces through a manufacturing system and link processing data accordingly. Although the analysis of tracking data is well-examined, we still see a gap in the research on the trade-off between data acquisition, data analytics and data quality. Here, we present a framework to increase the value of existing data by enabling data analytics while addressing common pitfalls and reducing the costs of data management.

关键词： Identification Knowledge management Manufacturing system Process control Quality assurance Sustainable development Decision making Complexity Analysis Design

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