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The short version of the Sexual Distress Scale (SDS-3): Measurement invariance across countries, gender identities, and sexual orientations

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International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology 2024年第2期24卷 100461-100461页

作者： Lin, Chung-Ying Tsai, Meng-Che Koós, Mónika Nagy, Léna Kraus, Shane W. Demetrovics, Zsolt Potenza, Marc N. Ballester-Arnal, Rafael Batthyány, Dominik Bergeron, Sophie Billieux, Joël Briken, Peer Cárdenas-López, Georgina Carvalho, Joana Castro-Calvo, Jesús Chen, Lijun Ciocca, Giacomo Corazza, Ornella Csako, Rita I. Fernandez, David P. Fernandez, elaine F. Fujiwara, Hironobu Fuss, Johannes Gabrhelík, Roman Gewirtz-Meydan, Ateret Gjoneska, Biljana Gola, Mateusz Grubbs, Joshua B. Hashim, Hashim T. Islam, Md. Saiful Ismail, Mustafa Jiménez-Martínez, Martha Jurin, Tanja Kalina, Ondrej Klein, Verena Költő, András Lee, Sang-Kyu Lewczuk, Karol Lochner, Christine López-Alvarado, Silvia Lukavská, Kateřina Mayta-Tristán, Percy Milea, Ion Miller, Dan J. Orosová, Oľga Orosz, Gábor Ponce, Fernando P. Quintana, Gonzalo R. Garzola, Gabriel C. Quintero Ramos-Diaz, Jano Rigaud, Kévin Rousseau, Ann Scanavino, Marco De Tubino Schulmeyer, Marion K. Sharan, Pratap Shibata, Mami Shoib, Sheikh Sigre-Leirós, Vera Sniewski, Luke Spasovski, Ognen Steibliene, Vesta Stein, Dan J. Strizek, Julian Štulhofer, Aleksandar Ünsal, Berk C. Vaillancourt-Morel, Marie-Pier Van Hout, Marie Claire Bőthe, Beáta Institute of Allied Health Sciences College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Biostatistics Consulting Center National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Pediatrics National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Doctoral School of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary Institute of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary Department of Psychology University of Nevada Las Vegas NV United States Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming University of Gibraltar Gibraltar United Kingdom College of Education Psychology and Social Work Flinders University Adelaide Australia Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT United States Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling Wethersfield CT United States Departamento de Psicología Básica Clínica y Psicobiología University Jaume I Castelló Spain Institute for Behavioural Addictions Sigmund Freud University Vienna Austria Département de Psychologie Université de Montréal Montréal Canada Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les problèmes conjugaux et les agressions sexuelles Montréal Canada Institute of Psychology University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Center for Excessive Gambling Addiction Medicine Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland Institute for Sex Research Sexual Medicine & Forensic Psychiatry University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany Virtual Teaching and Cyberpsychology Laboratory School of Psychology National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico Mexico William James Center for Research Department of Education and Psychology University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Department of Personality Assessment and Psychological Treatments University of Valencia Valencia Spain Department of Psychology College of Humanity and Social Science Fuzhou University

Background: The three-item Sexual Distress Scale (SDS-3) has been frequently used to assess distress related to sexuality in public health surveys and research on sexual wellbeing. However, its psychometric properties and measurement invariance across cultural, gender and sexual subgroups have not yet been examined. This multinational study aimed to validate the SDS-3 and test its psychometric properties, including measurement invariance across language, country, gender identity, and sexual orientation groups. Methods: We used global survey data from 82,243 individuals (Mean _age=32.39 years;40.3 % men, 57.0 % women, 2.8 % non-binary, and 0.6 % other genders) participating in the International Sexual Survey (ISS;https://***/) across 42 countries and 26 languages. Participants completed the SDS-3, as well as questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, including gender identity and sexual orientation. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a unidimensional factor structure for the SDS-3, and multi-group CFA (MGCFA) suggested that this factor structure was invariant across countries, languages, gender identities, and sexual orientations. Cronbach's α for the unidimensional score was 0.83 (range between 0.76 and 0.89), and McDonald's ω was 0.84 (range between 0.76 and 0.90). Participants who did not experience sexual problems had significantly lower SDS-3 total scores (M = 2.99;SD=2.54) compared to those who reported sexual problems (M = 5.60;SD=3.00), with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.01 [95 % CI=-1.03, -0.98];p < 0.001). Conclusion: The SDS-3 has a unidimensional factor structure and appears to be valid and reliable for measuring sexual distress among individuals from different countries, gender identities, and sexual orientations. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) International sex survey Psychometric analysis Sexual distress

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Psychometric properties of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations: Findings from the International Sex Survey (ISS)

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Comprehensive Psychiatry 2023年 127卷 152427页

作者： Horváth, Zsolt Nagy, Léna Koós, Mónika Kraus, Shane W. Demetrovics, Zsolt Potenza, Marc N. Ballester-Arnal, Rafael Batthyány, Dominik Bergeron, Sophie Billieux, Joël Briken, Peer Burkauskas, Julius Cárdenas-López, Georgina Carvalho, Joana Castro-Calvo, Jesús Chen, Lijun Ciocca, Giacomo Corazza, Ornella Csako, Rita Fernandez, David P. Fujiwara, Hironobu Fernandez, elaine F. Fuss, Johannes Gabrhelík, Roman Gewirtz-Meydan, Ateret Gjoneska, Biljana Gola, Mateusz Grubbs, Joshua B. Hashim, Hashim T. Islam, Md. Saiful Ismail, Mustafa Jiménez-Martínez, Martha C. Jurin, Tanja Kalina, Ondrej Klein, Verena Költő, András Lee, Sang-Kyu Lewczuk, Karol Lin, Chung-Ying Lochner, Christine López-Alvarado, Silvia Lukavská, Kateřina Mayta-Tristán, Percy Miller, Dan J. Orosová, Oľga Orosz, Gábor Ponce, Fernando P. Quintana, Gonzalo R. Quintero Garzola, Gabriel C. Ramos-Diaz, Jano Rigaud, Kévin Rousseau, Ann Scanavino, Marco De Tubino Schulmeyer, Marion K. Sharan, Pratap Shibata, Mami Shoib, Sheikh Sigre-Leirós, Vera Sniewski, Luke Spasovski, Ognen Steibliene, Vesta Stein, Dan J. Strizek, Julian Tsai, Meng-Che Ünsal, Berk C. Vaillancourt-Morel, Marie-Pier Van Hout, Marie Claire Bőthe, Beáta Institute of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming University of Gibraltar Gibraltar Gibraltar Doctoral School of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary Department of Psychology University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas NV United States Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT United States Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling Wethersfield CT United States Connecticut Mental Health Center New Haven CT United States Departmento de Psicología Básica Clínica y Psicobiología University Jaume I of Castellón Spain Institute for Behavioural Addictions Sigmund Freud University Vienna Austria Département de psychologie Université de Montréal Montréal Canada Institute of Psychology University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Center for Excessive Gambling Addiction Medicine Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland Institute for Sex Research Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine Neuroscience Institute Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Palanga Lithuania Virtual Teaching and Cyberpsychology Laboratory School of Psychology National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico William James Center for Research Departamento de Educação e Psicologia Universidade de Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Department of Personality Assessment and Psychological Treatments University of Valencia Spain Department of Psychology College of Humanity and Social Science Fuzhou University China Section of Sexual Psychopathology Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences University of Hertfordshire United Kingdom Department of Psychocology and Cognitive Science University of Trento Italy Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Auckland University of Technology Auc

Introduction: Despite being a widely used screening questionnaire, there is no consensus on the most appropriate measurement model for the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Furthermore, there have been limited studies on its measurement invariance across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations. Aims: The present study aimed to examine the fit of different measurement models for the AUDIT and its measurement invariance across a wide range of subgroups by country, language, gender, and sexual orientation. Methods: Responses concerning past-year alcohol use from the participants of the cross-sectional International Sex Survey were considered (N = 62,943;M_age: 32.73;SD = 12.59). Confirmatory factor analysis, as well as measurement invariance tests were performed for 21 countries, 14 languages, three genders, and four sexual-orientation subgroups that met the minimum sample size requirement for inclusion in these analyses. Results: A two-factor model with factors describing ‘alcohol use’ (items 1–3) and ‘alcohol problems’ (items 4–10) showed the best model fit across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations. For the former two, scalar and latent mean levels of invariance were reached considering different criteria. For gender and sexual orientation, a latent mean level of invariance was reached. Conclusions: In line with the two-factor model, the calculation of separate alcohol-use and alcohol-problem scores is recommended when using the AUDIT. The high levels of measurement invariance achieved for the AUDIT support its use in cross-cultural research, capable also of meaningful comparisons among genders and sexual orientations. © 2023

关键词： Addictive behaviors Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Cross-cultural comparison Gender LGBTQ Measurement invariance Sexual orientation

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BASS XLII: The relation between the covering factor of dusty gas and the eddington ratio in nearby active galactic nuclei

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ricci, C. Ichikawa, K. Stalevski, M. Kawamuro, T. Yamada, S. Ueda, Y. Mushotzky, R. Privon, G.C. Koss, M.J. Trakhtenbrot, B. Fabian, A.C. Ho, L.C. Asmus, D. Bauer, F.e. Chang, C.S. Gupta, K.K. Oh, K. Powell, M. Pfeifle, R.W. Rojas, A. Ricci, F. Temple, M.J. Toba, Y. Tortosa, A. Treister, e. Harrison, F. Stern, D. Urry, C.M. Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Universidad Diego Portales Avenida Ejercito Libertador 441 Santiago Chile Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing100871 China Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku University Sendai980-8578 Japan Astronomical Observatory Volgina 7 Belgrade11060 Serbia Sterrenkundig Observatorium Universiteit Ghent Krijgslaan 281 S9 GhentB-9000 Belgium RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan Department of Astronomy Kyoto University Kitashirakawa -Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku Kyoto606-8502 Japan Department of Astronomy University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Joint Space-Science Institute University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States National Radio Astronomy Observatory 520 Edgemont Road CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States Department of Astronomy University of Florida P.O. Box 112055 GainesvilleFL32611 United States Eureka Scientific 2452 Delmer Street Suite 100 OaklandCA94602-3017 United States Space Science Institute 4750 Walnut Street Suite 205 BoulderCO80301 United States School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv69978 Israel Institute of Astronomy Madingley Road CambridgeCB3 0HA United Kingdom Department of Astronomy School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom Gymnasium Schwarzenbek Schwarzenbek21493 Germany Instituto de Astrofísica Facultad de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Campus San Joaquin Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Macul Santiago 7820436 Chile Centro de Astroingeniería Facultad de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Campus San Joaquin Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Macul Santiago 7820436 Chile Millennium Institute of Astrophysics Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100 Of 104 Providencia Santiago Chil

Accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) located at the center of galaxies are typically surrounded by large quantities of gas and dust. The structure and evolution of this circumnuclear material can be studied at different wavelengths, from the submillimeter to the X-rays. Recent X-ray studies have shown that the covering factor of the obscuring material tends to decrease with increasing eddington ratio, likely due to radiative feedback on dusty gas. Here we study a sample of 549 nearby (z. 0.1) hard X-ray (14-195 keV) selected non-blazar active galactic nuclei (AGN), and use the ratio between the AGN infrared and bolometric luminosity as a proxy of the covering factor. We find that, in agreement with what has been found by X-ray studies of the same sample, the covering factor decreases with increasing eddington ratio. We also confirm previous findings which showed that obscured AGN typically have larger covering factors than unobscured sources. Finally, we find that the median covering factors of AGN located in different regions of the column density-eddington ratio diagram are in good agreement with what would be expected from a radiation-regulated growth of SMBHs. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Active Galactic Nuclei

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The DeSI Survey Validation: Results from Visual Inspection of Bright Galaxies, Luminous Red Galaxies, and emission Line Galaxies

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Lan, Ting-Wen Tojeiro, R. Armengaud, e. Prochaska, J. Xavier Davis, T.M. Alexander, David M. Raichoor, A. Zhou, Rongpu Yèche, Christophe Balland, C. BenZvi, S. Berti, A. Canning, R. Carr, A. Chittenden, H. Cole, S. Cousinou, M.-C. Dawson, K. Dey, Biprateep Douglass, K. edge, A. escoffier, S. Glanville, A. Gontcho, S.A. Gontcho Guy, J. Hahn, C. Howlett, C. Hwang, Ho Seong Jiang, L. Kovács, A. Mezcua, M. Moore, S. Nadathur, S. Oh, M. Parkinson, D. Rocher, A. Ross, A.J. Ruhlmann-Kleider, V. Sabiu, C.G. Said, K. Saulder, C. Sierra-Porta, D. Weiner, B. Yu, J. Zarrouk, P. Zhang, Y. Zou, H. Ahlen, S. Bailey, S. Brooks, D. Cooper, A.P. de la Macorra, A. Dey, A. Dhungana, G. Doel, P. eftekharzadeh, S. Fanning, K. Font-Ribera, A. Garrison, L. Gaztañaga, e. Kehoe, R. Kisner, T. Kremin, A. Landriau, M. Le Guillou, L. Levi, Michael e. Magneville, C. Meisner, Aaron M. Miquel, R. Moustakas, J. Myers, Adam D. Newman, Jeffrey A. Nie, J.D. Palanque-Delabrouille, N. Percival, W.J. Poppett, C. Prada, F. Schubnell, M. Tarlé, Gregory Weaver, B.A. Zhang, K. Zhou, Zhimin Graduate Institute of Astrophysics Department of Physics National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa CruzCA95065 United States SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy University of St Andrews St AndrewsKY16 9SS United Kingdom IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa Kashiwa277-8583 Japan School of Mathematics and Physics University of Queensland 4072 Australia Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy Department of Physics Durham University South Road DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States ParisFR-75005 France Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Rochester 206 Bausch and Lomb Hall P.O. Box 270171 RochesterNY14627-0171 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Utah 115 South 1400 East Salt Lake CityUT84112 United States Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation University of Portsmouth Dennis Sciama Building PortsmouthPO1 3FX United Kingdom Institute for Computational Cosmology Department of Physics Durham University South Road DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France University of Pittsburgh 3941 O’Hara Street PittsburghPA15260 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University Peyton Hall PrincetonNJ08544 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of 776 Daedeokdae-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34055 Korea Republic of Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking Unive

The Dark energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DeSI) Survey has obtained a set of spectroscopic measurements of galaxies to validate the final survey design and target selections. To assist in these tasks, we visually inspect (VI) DeSI spectra of approximately 2,500 bright galaxies, 3,500 luminous red galaxies (LRGs), and 10,000 emission line galaxies (eLGs), to obtain robust redshift identifications. We then utilize the VI redshift information to characterize the performance of the DeSI operation. Based on the VI catalogs, our results show that the final survey design yields samples of bright galaxies, LRGs, and eLGs with purity greater than 99%. Moreover, we demonstrate that the precision of the redshift measurements is approximately 10 km/s for bright galaxies and eLGs and approximately 40 km/s for LRGs. The average redshift accuracy is within 10 km/s for the three types of galaxies. The VI process also helps improve the quality of the DeSI data by identifying spurious spectral features introduced by the pipeline. Finally, we show examples of unexpected real astronomical objects, such as Lyα emitters and strong lensing candidates, identified by VI. These results demonstrate the importance and utility of visually inspecting data from incoming and upcoming surveys, especially during their early operation phases. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Galaxies

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All-sky search for continuous gravitational waves from isolated neutron stars in the early O3 LIGO data

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Physical Review D 2021年第8期104卷 082004-082004页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott S. Abraham F. Acernese K. Ackley A. Adams C. Adams R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu K. M. Aleman G. Allen A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koya Arai Koji Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud S. M. Aronson H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin P. Aufmuth K. AultONeal C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer M. Bals A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar R. S. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal M. G. Benjamin T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser R. Bhandare A. V. Bhandari D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik J. Bidler I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn J. Blackman C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini F. Bondu e. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. e. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant A. Buikema T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic R. L. Byer L. Cadonati M. Caesar G. Cagnoli C. Cahillane H. W. Cain, III J. Calderón Bustillo J. LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia Christopher Newport University Newport News Virginia 23606 USA LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI) I-67100 L’Aquila Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso I-67100 Assergi Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Università di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan California State University Fullerton Fullerton California 92831 USA NCSA University of Illi

We report on an all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves in the frequency band 20–2000 Hz and with a frequency time derivative in the range of [−1.0,+0.1]×10−8 Hz/s. Such a signal could be produced by a nearby, spinning and slightly nonaxisymmetric isolated neutron star in our Galaxy. This search uses the LIGO data from the first six months of Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observational run, O3. No periodic gravitational wave signals are observed, and 95% confidence-level (C.L.) frequentist upper limits are placed on their strengths. The lowest upper limits on worst-case (linearly polarized) strain amplitude h0 are ∼1.7×10−25 near 200 Hz. For a circularly polarized source (most favorable orientation), the lowest upper limits are ∼6.3×10−26. These strict frequentist upper limits refer to all sky locations and the entire range of frequency derivative values. For a population-averaged ensemble of sky locations and stellar orientations, the lowest 95% C.L. upper limits on the strain amplitude are ∼1.4×10−25. These upper limits improve upon our previously published all-sky results, with the greatest improvement (factor of ∼2) seen at higher frequencies, in part because quantum squeezing has dramatically improved the detector noise level relative to the second observational run, O2. These limits are the most constraining to date over most of the parameter space searched.

关键词： Astrophysical studies of gravity Gravitational wave detection Gravitational wave sources Gravitational waves

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Upper limits on the isotropic gravitational-wave background from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run

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Physical Review D 2021年第2期104卷 022004-022004页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott S. Abraham F. Acernese K. Ackley A. Adams C. Adams R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain T. Akutsu K. M. Aleman G. Allen A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koya Arai Koji Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud S. M. Aronson H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin P. Aufmuth K. AultONeal C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer M. Bals A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar R. S. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo S. Barnum F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal M. G. Benjamin T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser R. Bhandare A. V. Bhandari D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik J. Bidler I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn J. Blackman C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini F. Bondu e. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. e. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant A. Buikema T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic R. L. Byer L. Cadonati M. Caesar G. Cagnoli C. Cahillane H. W. Cain, III J. Calderón Bustillo J. LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia Christopher Newport University Newport News Virginia 23606 USA LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI) I-67100 L’Aquila Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso I-67100 Assergi Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Università di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan California State University Fullerton Fullerton California 92831 USA NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Università di Napoli “Federico II” Complesso Universitario

We report results of a search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using data from Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run (O3) combined with upper limits from the earlier O1 and O2 runs. Unlike in previous observing runs in the advanced detector era, we include Virgo in the search for the GWB. The results of the search are consistent with uncorrelated noise, and therefore we place upper limits on the strength of the GWB. We find that the dimensionless energy density ΩGW≤5.8×10−9 at the 95% credible level for a flat (frequency-independent) GWB, using a prior which is uniform in the log of the strength of the GWB, with 99% of the sensitivity coming from the band 20–76.6 Hz; ΩGW(f)≤3.4×10−9 at 25 Hz for a power-law GWB with a spectral index of 2/3 (consistent with expectations for compact binary coalescences), in the band 20–90.6 Hz; and ΩGW(f)≤3.9×10−10 at 25 Hz for a spectral index of 3, in the band 20–291.6 Hz. These upper limits improve over our previous results by a factor of 6.0 for a flat GWB, 8.8 for a spectral index of 2/3, and 13.1 for a spectral index of 3. We also search for a GWB arising from scalar and vector modes, which are predicted by alternative theories of gravity; we do not find evidence of these, and place upper limits on the strength of GWBs with these polarizations. We demonstrate that there is no evidence of correlated noise of magnetic origin by performing a Bayesian analysis that allows for the presence of both a GWB and an effective magnetic background arising from geophysical Schumann resonances. We compare our upper limits to a fiducial model for the GWB from the merger of compact binaries, updating the model to use the most recent data-driven population inference from the systems detected during O3a. Finally, we combine our results with observations of individual mergers and show that, at design sensitivity, this joint approach may yield stronger constraints on the merger rate of binary black holes at z≳2

关键词： Gravitational wave detection

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Polarimetric geometric modeling for mm-VLBI observations of black holes

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Roelofs, Freek Johnson, Michael D. Chael, Andrew Janssen, Michael Wielgus, Maciek Broderick, Avery e. Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John e. Ceccobello, Chiara Chan, Chi-Kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John e. Cordes, James M. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dougal, Sean Dzib, Sergio A. eatough, Ralph P. emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, ed Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Haworth, Kari Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Jorstad, Svetlana Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yutaro Koch, Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Princeton Gravity Initiative Princeton University Jadwin Hall PrincetonNJ08544 United States Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street North WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Department of Physics & Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San AntonioTX78249 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei10617 Taiwan Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 València BurjassotE-46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 València PaternaE-46980 Spain Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory OnsalaSE-43992 Sweden Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics Yale Universit

The event Horizon Telescope (eHT) is a millimeter very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) array which has imaged the apparent shadows of the supermassive black holes M87∗ and Sagittarius A∗. Polarimetric data from these observations contain a wealth of information on the black hole and accretion flow properties. In this work, we develop polarimetric geometric modeling methods for mm-VLBI data, focusing on approaches that fit data products with differing degrees of invariance to broad classes of calibration errors. We establish a fitting procedure using a polarimetric "m-ring" model to approximate the image structure near a black hole. By fitting this model to synthetic eHT data from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) models, we show that the linear and circular polarization structure can be successfully approximated with relatively few model parameters. We then fit this model to eHT observations of M87∗ taken in 2017. In total intensity and linear polarization, the m-ring fits are consistent with previous results from imaging methods. In circular polarization, the m-ring fits indicate the presence of event-horizon-scale circular polarization structure, with a persistent dipolar asymmetry and orientation across several days. The same structure was recovered independently of observing band, used data products, and model assumptions. Despite this broad agreement, imaging methods do not produce similarly consistent results. Our circular polarization results, which imposed additional assumptions on the source structure, should thus be interpreted with some caution. Polarimetric geometric modeling provides a useful and powerful method to constrain the properties of horizon-scale polarized emission, particularly for sparse arrays like the eHT. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Polarimeters

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The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87: I. Observations, calibration, imaging, and analysis*

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Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年 681卷

作者： Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery e. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlstrom, John e. Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-Kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John e. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dzib, Sergio A. eatough, Ralph P. emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, edward Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Violette Impellizzeri, C.M. Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn53121 Germany Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San AntonioTX78249 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei10617 Taiwan Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 València Burjassot46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 València Paterna46980 Spain Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory Onsala43992 Sweden Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics Yale University 52 Hillhouse Avenue New HavenCT06511 United States Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160 Concepción Chile Department of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory MS209 PO Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States East Asian Observatory 660 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States 660 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 Uni

In April 2019, the event Horizon Telescope (eHT) Collaboration reported the first-ever event-horizon-scale images of a black hole, resolving the central compact radio source in the giant elliptical galaxy M 87. These images reveal a ring with a southerly brightness distribution and a diameter of ∼42 μas, consistent with the predicted size and shape of a shadow produced by the gravitationally lensed emission around a supermassive black hole. These results were obtained as part of the April 2017 eHT observation campaign, using a global very long baseline interferometric radio array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here, we present results based on the second eHT observing campaign, taking place in April 2018 with an improved array, wider frequency coverage, and increased bandwidth. In particular, the additional baselines provided by the Greenland telescope improved the coverage of the array. Multiyear eHT observations provide independent snapshots of the horizon-scale emission, allowing us to confirm the persistence, size, and shape of the black hole shadow, and constrain the intrinsic structural variability of the accretion flow. We have confirmed the presence of an asymmetric ring structure, brighter in the southwest, with a median diameter of 43.3-3.1+1.5 μas. The diameter of the 2018 ring is remarkably consistent with the diameter obtained from the previous 2017 observations. On the other hand, the position angle of the brightness asymmetry in 2018 is shifted by about 30 relative to 2017. The perennial persistence of the ring and its diameter robustly support the interpretation that the ring is formed by lensed emission surrounding a Kerr black hole with a mass ∼6.5× 109M. The significant change in the ring brightness asymmetry implies a spin axis that is more consistent with the position angle of the large-scale jet. © 2023 The Author(s).

关键词： Gravitation

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Millimeter light curves of Sagittarius A∗ observed during the 2017 event Horizon Telescope campaign

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wielgus, Maciek Marchili, Nicola Martí-Vidal, Iván Keating, Garrett K. Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Tiede, Paul Fomalont, ed Issaoun, Sara Neilsen, Joey Nowak, Michael A. Blackburn, Lindy Gammie, Charles F. Goddi, Ciriaco Haggard, Daryl Lee, Daeyoung Moscibrodzka, Monika Tetarenko, Alexandra J. Bower, Geoffrey C. Chan, Chi-Kwan Chatterjee, Koushik Chesler, Paul M. Dexter, Jason Doeleman, Sheperd S. Georgiev, Boris Gurwell, Mark Johnson, Michael D. Marrone, Daniel P. Mus, Alejandro Psaltis, Dimitrios Ripperda, Bart Witzel, Gunther Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blundell, Raymond Boland, Wilfred Bouman, Katherine L. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery e. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John e. Ceccobello, Chiara Chael, Andrew Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John e. Cordes, James M. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Davelaar, Jordy de Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dhruv, Vedant Dzib, Sergio A. eatough, Ralph P. emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Alyson Ford, H. Fraga-encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Hada, Kazuhiro Haworth, Kari Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Violette Impellizzeri, C.M. Inoue, Makoto James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Jorstad, Svetlana Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karupp Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Italian ALMA Regional Centre INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia Via P. Gobetti 101 BolognaI-40129 Italy Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot ValènciaE-46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Paterna ValenciaE-46980 Spain Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO University of Turku FI-20014 Finland Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 KylmäläFI-02540 Finland Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States National Radio Astronomy Observatory 520 Edgemont Road CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States NASA Hubble Fellowship Program Einstein Fellow United States Villanova University Mendel Science Center Rm. 263B 800 E Lancaster Ave VillanovaPA19085 United States Physics Department Washington University CB 1105 St LouisMO63130 United States Department of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Astronomy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1002 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Cagliari SP Monserrato-Sestu km 0.7 MonserratoI-09042 Italy INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari Via della Scienza 5 CA Selargius09047 Italy Department of Physics McGill University 3600 rue University MontréalQCH3A 2T8 Canada McGill Space Institute McGill University 3550 rue University MontréalQCH3A 2A7 Canada Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas Tech University LubbockTX79409-1051 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 645 N. A’oho

The event Horizon Telescope (eHT) observed the compact radio source, Sagittarius A∗ (Sgr A∗), in the Galactic Center on 2017 April 5-11 in the 1.3 millimeter wavelength band. At the same time, interferometric array data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and the Submillimeter Array were collected, providing Sgr A∗ light curves simultaneous with the eHT observations. These data sets, complementing the eHT very-long-baseline interferometry, are characterized by a cadence and signal-to-noise ratio previously unattainable for Sgr A∗ at millimeter wavelengths, and they allow for the investigation of source variability on timescales as short as a minute. While most of the light curves correspond to a low variability state of Sgr A∗, the April 11 observations follow an X-ray flare, and exhibit strongly enhanced variability. All of the light curves are consistent with a red noise process, with a power spectral density (PSD) slope measured to be between -2 and -3 on timescales between 1 min and several hours. Our results indicate a steepening of the PSD slope for timescales shorter than 0.3 h. The spectral energy distribution is flat at 220 GHz and there are no time-lags between the 213 and 229 GHz frequency bands, suggesting low optical depth for the event horizon scale source. We characterize Sgr A∗’s variability, highlighting the different behavior observed just after the X-ray flare, and use Gaussian process modeling to extract a decorrelation timescale and a PSD slope. We also investigate the systematic calibration uncertainties by analyzing data from independent data reduction pipelines. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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embracing Monogenic Parkinson's Disease: The MJFF Global Genetic PD Cohort

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Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2023年第2期38卷 286-303页

作者： eva-Juliane Vollstedt Susen Schaake Katja Lohmann Shalini Padmanabhan Alexis Brice Suzanne Lesage Christelle Tesson Marie Vidailhet Isabel Wurster Faycel Hentati Anat Mirelman Nir Giladi Karen Marder Cheryl Waters Stanley Fahn Meike Kasten Norbert Brüggemann Max Borsche Tatiana Foroud eduardo Tolosa Alicia Garrido Grazia Annesi Monica Gagliardi Maria Bozi Leonidas Stefanis Joaquim J Ferreira Leonor Correia Guedes Micol Avenali Simona Petrucci Lorraine Clark ekaterina Y Fedotova Natalya Y Abramycheva Victoria Alvarez Manuel Menéndez-González Silvia Jesús Maestre Pilar Gómez-Garre Pablo Mir Andrea Carmine Belin Caroline Ran Chin-Hsien Lin Ming-Che Kuo David Crosiers Zbigniew K Wszolek Owen A Ross Joseph Jankovic Kenya Nishioka Manabu Funayama Jordi Clarimon Caroline H Williams-Gray Marta Camacho Mario Cornejo-Olivas Luis Torres-Ramirez Yih-Ru Wu Guey-Jen Lee-Chen Ana Morgadinho Teeratorn Pulkes Pichet Termsarasab Daniela Berg Gregor Kuhlenbäumer Andrea A Kühn Friederike Borngräber Giuseppe de Michele Anna De Rosa Alexander Zimprich Andreas Puschmann George D Mellick Jolanta Dorszewska Jonathan Carr Rosangela Ferese Stefano Gambardella Bruce Chase Katerina Markopoulou Wataru Satake Tatsushi Toda Malco Rossi Marcelo Merello Timothy Lynch Diana A Olszewska Shen-Yang Lim Azlina Ahmad-Annuar Ai Huey Tan Bashayer Al-Mubarak Hasmet Hanagasi Dariusz Koziorowski Sibel ertan Gençer Genç Patricia de Carvalho Aguiar Melinda Barkhuizen Marcia M G Pimentel Rachel Saunders-Pullman Bart van de Warrenburg Susan Bressman Mathias Toft Silke Appel-Cresswell Anthony e Lang Matej Skorvanek Agnita J W Boon Rejko Krüger esther M Sammler Vitor Tumas Bao-Rong Zhang Gaetan Garraux Sun Ju Chung Yun Joong Kim Juliane Winkelmann Carolyn M Sue eng-King Tan Joana Damásio Péter Klivényi Vladimir S Kostic David Arkadir Mika Martikainen Vanderci Borges Jens Michael Hertz Laura Brighina Mariana Spitz Oksana Suchowersky Olaf Riess Parimal Das Brit Mollenhauer emilia M Gatto Maria Skaalum Petersen Nobutaka Hattori Ruey-Meei Wu Sergey N Illarioshkin enz Institute of Neurogenetics University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany. Research Programs The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research New York New York USA. Department of Neurology Sorbonne University Paris Brain Institute - ICM Inserm CNRS Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Paris France. Sorbonne University Paris Brain Institute - ICM Inserm CNRS Paris France. Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Baden Wuerttemberg Germany Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases Tuebingen Germany. Mongi Ben Hmida National Institute of Neurology Tunis Tunisia. Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration Neurological Institute Tel-Aviv Medical Center Tel-Aviv Israel Sackler School of Medicine Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv Israel Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv Israel. Neurological Institute Tel-Aviv Medical Center Tel-Aviv Israel Sackler School of Medicine Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv Israel. Department of Neurology Taub Institute for Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University New York New York USA. Department of Neurology Columbia University New York New York USA. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Institute of Neurogenetics University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany. Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurogenetics University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA. Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit Neurology Service Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona (UB) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED:CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona Spain. Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation National Research Council Cosenza

BACKGROUND:As gene-targeted therapies are increasingly being developed for Parkinson's disease (PD), identifying and characterizing carriers of specific genetic pathogenic variants is imperative. Only a small fraction of the estimated number of subjects with monogenic PD worldwide are currently represented in the literature and availability of clinical data and clinical trial-ready cohorts is limited. OBJeCTIVe:The objectives are to (1) establish an international cohort of affected and unaffected individuals with PD-linked variants; (2) provide harmonized and quality-controlled clinical characterization data for each included individual; and (3) further promote collaboration of researchers in the field of monogenic PD. MeTHODS:We conducted a worldwide, systematic online survey to collect individual-level data on individuals with PD-linked variants in SNCA, LRRK2, VPS35, PRKN, PINK1, DJ-1, as well as selected pathogenic and risk variants in GBA and corresponding demographic, clinical, and genetic data. All registered cases underwent thorough quality checks, and pathogenicity scoring of the variants and genotype-phenotype relationships were analyzed. ReSULTS:We collected 3888 variant carriers for our analyses, reported by 92 centers (42 countries) worldwide. Of the included individuals, 3185 had a diagnosis of PD (ie, 1306 LRRK2, 115 SNCA, 23 VPS35, 429 PRKN, 75 PINK1, 13 DJ-1, and 1224 GBA) and 703 were unaffected (ie, 328 LRRK2, 32 SNCA, 3 VPS35, 1 PRKN, 1 PINK1, and 338 GBA). In total, we identified 269 different pathogenic variants; 1322 individuals in our cohort (34%) were indicated as not previously published. CONCLUSIONS:Within the MJFF Global Genetic PD Study Group, we (1) established the largest international cohort of affected and unaffected individuals carrying PD-linked variants; (2) provide harmonized and quality-controlled clinical and genetic data for each included individual; (3) promote collaboration in the field of genetic PD with a view toward clini

关键词： Parkinson's disease monogenic PD

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